Figure 1.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a protein composed of three parts: an extracellular antigen-binding domain, an intracellular signaling domain, and a hinge region. The single-chain variable region (scFv) of the extracellular antigen-binding domain of CAR-T cells originates from the V_H and V_L of monoclonal antibodies. The intracellular signaling domain consists of a costimulatory factor and CD3 signal domain. The CD3 signal domain originates from the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of the TCR/CD3 subunit structure. The scFv of anti-MSLN CAR-T cells binds specifically to MSLN on the surface of tumor cells to induce an antitumor immune response. Illustration was created with Biorender.com.