Table 2.

OncomiRs enhance chemoresistance in patients with CRC or mCRC.

Family	miRNAs	Verified Targets in CRC or Other Cancers	Sample	Target for miRNA	Ref.
Let-7	Let-7a/b/c/d /e/f/g/i, miR-98	Upregulation of let-7f-5p promotes chemoresistance in CRC by increasing the expression levels of the antiapoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) and decreasing the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in CRC cells.	Tumor tissue	p53, p53-inducible nuclear protein 1, p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 and caspase-3.	[84,85]
miR-27	miR-27a, miR-27b	MiR-27a-overexpressing hampered AMPK, enhanced mTOR signaling, unrestricted cell growth, and enhanced chemoresistance.	Tumor tissue	AMPK	[88]
miR-96	miR-96	Inhibition of miR-96 enhances the sensitivity of CRC cells to oxaliplatin.	Serum	TPM1	[86]
miR-103	miR-103a/b, miR-107	MiR-107 induces chemoresistance in CRC cells.	Tumor tissue	CAB39-AMPK-mTOR pathway	[89]
		MiR-103 and miR-107 enhance chemoresistance in CRC cells by promoting cell stemness.		Wnt/β-catenin signaling	[90]
miR-744	miR-744	The expression levels of miR-744 were significantly elevated in CRC tissues from patients who exhibited preoperative oxaliplatin chemoresistance. MiR-744 may positively mediate oxaliplatin chemoresistance.	Tumor tissue	BIN1	[92]
miR-1246	miR-1246	MiR-1246 was overexpressed in CD44v6+ cells and associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with CRC. CD44v6+ cells exhibited elevated resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and significantly higher tumor initiation capacity.	Tumor tissue	DENN/MADD Domain Containing 2D (DENND2D)	[93]