Table 5.
Literature overview of evidence regarding undenatured type II collagen for the management of osteoarthritis (OA) and joint support in dogs.
| Reference | Nº Animals, Groups, and Duration | Objectives | Main Results y Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deparle et al. 2005 [55] | Fifteen client-owned dogs with OA
|
Evaluate overall pain, pain during limb manipulation and exercise-associated lameness | Groups II and III showed a decline overall pain, pain during limb manipulation and lameness after physical exercise (p < 0.05) |
| D’Altilio et al. 2006 [30] | Twenty client-owned dogs with OA
|
Evaluate overall pain, pain during limb manipulation and exercise-associated lameness | Group II showed a reduction in overall pain (62%), pain upon limb manipulation (91%) and exercise-associated lameness (78%) (p < 0.05) Group IV showed a maximum reduction in overall pain (57%), pain upon limb manipulation (53%) and exercise-associated lameness (53%) (p < 0.05) after 120 days |
| Peal et al. 2007 [56] | Twenty-five client-owned dogs with OA
|
Evaluate overall pain, pain during limb manipulation and exercise-associated lameness | Groups II and V showed reductions in overall pain (62–70%), pain upon limb manipulation (67–91%) and exercise-associated lameness (69–78%) (p < 0.05 Group IV showed a significant reduction in pain (p < 0.05) |
| Bagchi et al. 2009 [57] | Dogs with OA (no information about sample size)
|
Evaluate overall pain, pain during limb manipulation, exercise-associated lameness and ground force plate | Group II showed a reduction in overall pain (77%), pain upon limb manipulation (83%) and exercise-associated lameness (84%) (p < 0.05) Group II peak vertical force (PVF) was elevated from 7.467 ± 0.419 to 8.818 ± 0.290 N/kg b.w., and the impulse area was elevated from 1.154 ± 0.098 to 1.670 ± 0.278 Ns/kg b.w |
| Gupta et al. 2012 [58] | Seven to ten client-owned dogs with OA per group
|
Evaluate overall pain, pain during limb manipulation, exercise-associated lameness and ground force plate | Group II showed reductions in overall pain (81%), pain upon limb manipulation (87%) and exercise-associated lameness (90%) (p < 0.05) Group III exhibited a reduction in overall pain (51%), pain upon limb manipulation (48%) and exercise-associated lameness (43%) (p < 0.05) Group IV exhibited a reduction in overall pain (36%), pain upon limb manipulation (34%) and exercise-associated lameness (40%) (p < 0.05) Increase in PVF and impulse area in Group II (p < 0.05) |
| Yoshinari et al. 2015 [59] | Twenty client-owned dogs with OA
|
Evaluate overall pain, pain during limb manipulation and pain from physical exertion | Group II showed overall pain reduced by 54.3%, pain upon limb manipulation decreased by 65.2% and pain after physical exertion reduced by 62.5% (p < 0.05) |
| Stabile et al. 2019 [60] | Forty-six client-owned dogs with OA
|
Evaluate the clinical scores and mobility based on the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) | Owner-assessed data showed a similar reduction in the LOAD and mobility scores (p < 0.05) of the two groups There were no significant differences between treatments (p > 0.05) |
| Kunsuwannachai and Soontornvipart 2020 [61] | Nine client-owned dogs (13 stifle joints) with OA
|
Evaluate lameness score, radiographic examination scale, ultrasonographic and owner questionnaires: Canine Pain Inventory (CBPI) before and after treatment | Lameness score and radiographic examination showed no difference (p > 0.05) Ultrasonographic examination showed differences at 8 and 16 weeks (p < 0.05) The CBPI was different (p < 0.05) |
| Varney et al. 2020 [62] | Forty healthy Labrador retrievers
|
Evaluated interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) pre and post run | Group II had lower IL-6 and COMP (p < 0.05) |
| Varney et al. 2021 [63] | Forty healthy Labrador retrievers
|
Evaluate activity per kilometre and average moving speed Evaluate biomarkers of IL-6, creatine kinase-MM (CKM) and COMP pre- and post-run |
Activity per kilometre was greater in Group II vs. group I among males over all runs (p < 0.05) Average moving speed was greater in Group II (p < 0.05) Group II had significantly lower IL-6 and COMP (p < 0.05) No differences found between groups for CKM (p > 0.05) |
| Cabezas et al. 2022 [64] | 110 client-owned dogs with OA
|
Evaluate pain, general condition, appetite, mobility and lameness | Parameters assessed were significantly lower at four, five and six months (p < 0.05) |
| Stabile et al. 2022 [65] | Eighty-six client-owned dogs with OA Four groups:
|
Veterinarian evaluation (posture, gait analysis, articular pain, and range of motion), Canine Osteoarthritis Staging Tool (COAST) and owner evaluation LOAD | Reduction in LOAD, mobility scores and clinical scores was recorded in Groups II, III and IV (p < 0.05) OAD decreased 29.5% in Group II, 31.4% in Group III and 21.1% in Group IV Reduction in COAST was recorded in Groups II, III and IV (p < 0.05) |
| Varney et al. 2022 [66] | Forty healthy Labrador retrievers
|
Evaluated CBPI, LOAD and Gait Analysis Four Rivers Kennel (FRK) inflammatory index score pre-and post-run |
Group II had lower points for CBPI and LOAD (p < 0.05) Group II had an improved FRK inflammation index score (p < 0.05) |
| Stabile et al. 2022 [67] | Twelve client-owned dogs with OA and 10 without AO
|
Evaluation of clinical score, mobility score and owner LOAD. Compare the metabolomic synovial fluid | The clinical score, mobility score and LOAD were lower in Group II at 30 days (p < 0.05) The values of β-hydroxyisobutyrate, glutamine, creatine and trimethylamine-N-oxide were decreased in Group II at 30 days (p < 0.05) Citrate increased in Group II at 30 days (p < 0.05) |
Abbreviations: Glucosamine (GLU), Chondroitin (CHO), (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA) and chromemate (CM).