. 2023 Feb 24;13:1098133. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1098133

Table 2.

Concordance analysis between bacterial pathogen identification results obtained by sputum culture and PCR assay (samples with both culture and PCR results).

		Number of samples				Overall agreement^a (%)	Positive agreement^b (%)	Negative agreement^c (%)	P value^d
Pathogen	Study	Culture-negative, PCR-negative	Culture-negative, PCR-positive	Culture-positive, PCR-negative	Culture-positive, PCR-positive	Overall agreement^a (%)	Positive agreement^b (%)	Negative agreement^c (%)	P value^d
Haemophilus influenzae ^e	AERIS	1,173	367	9	538	81.98	98.35	76.17	<0.0001
	NTHI-004	501	229	5	223	75.57	97.81	68.63	<0.0001
	NTHI-MCAT-002	1,140	379	1	176	77.59	99.44	75.05	<0.0001
Moraxella catarrhalis	AERIS	1,824	143	4	128	93.00	96.97	92.73	<0.0001
	NTHI-004	773	127	2	55	86.52	96.49	85.89	<0.0001
	NTHI-MCAT-002	1,462	201	4	68	88.18	94.44	87.91	<0.0001
Streptococcus pneumoniae	AERIS	1,631	103	237	128	83.80	35.07	94.06	<0.0001
	NTHI-004	790	108	17	42	86.94	71.19	87.97	<0.0001
	NTHI-MCAT-002	1,445	221	19	47	86.14	71.21	86.73	<0.0001
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	AERIS	1,967	35	10	113	97.88	91.87	98.25	0.0002
	NTHI-004	918	13	4	21	98.22	84.00	98.60	0.0490
	NTHI-MCAT-002	1,593	49	8	85	96.71	91.40	97.02	<0.0001
Staphylococcus aureus	AERIS	1,993	23	33	76	97.36	69.72	98.86	0.2288
	NTHI-004	874	46	10	26	94.14	72.22	95.00	<0.0001
	NTHI-MCAT-002	1,517	108	26	85	92.28	76.58	93.35	<0.0001

^a Calculated as [(Culture-positive, PCR-positive) + (Culture-negative, PCR-negative)] divided by [(Culture-positive, PCR-positive) + (Culture-negative, PCR-negative) + (Culture-positive, PCR-negative) + (Culture-negative, PCR-positive)]. ^b Calculated as (Culture-positive, PCR-positive) divided by [(Culture-positive, PCR-positive) + (Culture-positive, PCR-negative)]. ^c Calculated as (Culture-negative, PCR-negative) divided by [(Culture-negative, PCR-negative) + (Culture-negative, PCR-positive)]. ^d Difference between culture-negative/PCR-positive samples and culture-positive/PCR-negative samples: McNemar’s test. ^e Samples confirmed as positive after differentiation from H. haemolyticus by Senti-HI microarray analysis or lgtC/P6 real-time PCR assay.