Table 4.
MAPK gene signaling responses in different plants under salinity stress.
| Plant species | MAPK genes | Activation | Concentration | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis | AtMEKK1,2 | Activation by accumulation of sodium chloride | High salt accumulation | Teige et al. (2004); Moustafa et al. (2008) |
| AtMPK1,3 | Activation of RD29A and RD29B gene promoters | Excess of salts | Yu et al. (2010) | |
| AtMPK4,6 | Activated by phosphatidic acid (PA) | Acid accumulation | Moustafa et al. (2008) | |
| Maize | ZmMPK3,5 | Activated under very high salt concentration | High amount of salts | Wang et al. (2010) |
| ZmSIMK1 | Activated by high salinity | Higher salt accumulation | Gu et al. (2010) | |
| ZmMKK4 | Activated by NaCl accumulation | Excess amount of NaCl | Kong et al. (2011) | |
| Rice |
OsMSRMK2, MAPKK4, 6 |
Activated in response to high salt and cytotoxicity. | NaCl accumulation | Agrawal et al. (2002) |
| OsMAPK5, | Activated by salt accumulation | Very high concentration | Xiong and Yang (2003) | |
| OsMPK3, 4, 5 | Activated by accumulation of arsenic stress and salts | High arsenic and salt concentration | Rao et al. (2010) | |
| OsMKK6 | Activated in hypersensitivity of other stresses | High salinity | ||
| OsEDR1 | Activated by high salt accumulation | Excess salt amount | Kim et al. (2003) | |
| OsMAPK4 | Activated under salt accumulation | NaCl excess amount | Rao et al. (2010) | |
| Cotton |
GhMAPK, GhMPK2 |
Activated by salt stress and osmotic adjustment | High amount of salts | Wang et al. (2007); Zhang et al. (2011) |
| Blue mustard | CbMAPK3 | Activated under salt accumulation | High salt accumulation | Zhang et al. (2006) |
| Sea bean | SbMAPKK | Activated under salt accumulation | Water reduction and salt accumulation | Agarwal et al. (2010) |
| Cucumber | CsNMAPK | Activated under salt accumulation | Salt accumulation | Xu et al. (2010) |
| Tobacco | NtSIPK | Activated by salt stress and osmotic adjustment | NaCl accumulation | Mikolajczyk et al. (2000) |
| Potato | StMAPK3 | Activated by salt stress and osmotic adjustment | PEG, menthol, and NaCl treatment | Zhu et al. (2020) |
| Osmotic stress | ||||
| Arabidopsis | AtMPK1, 4, 6, and 20 | Activated under high salt accumulation and improved the osmosis | Hyper-osmolarity | Droillard et al. (2004); Moustafa et al. (2008) |
| AtMKK7,9 | Activated under higher NaCl concentration | Sodium chloride excess | Moustafa et al. (2008) | |
| AtMPK9, 17,18 | Activated under higher salt accumulation | Hyper-osmolarity | Moustafa et al. (2014) | |
| Maize | ZmMPK7 | Activated under salt accumulation and molecular imbalance | Hyper-osmolarity | Zong et al. (2009) |
| Tobacco | NtSIPK | Activated by salicylic acid under high salt concentration | Higher osmotic stress | Mikolajczyk et al. (2000) |
| Alfalfa | MsSIMK | Upstream activation by SIMKK | Higher osmolarity | Jonak et al. (2004) |
| Potato | StMAPK3 | Activated by NaCl (40 mM and 80 mM) | Salt accumulation | Zhu et al. (2020) |