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. 2023 Mar 10:1–11. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02476-7

Table 1.

Percentage of children in Rhode Island’s Statewide Lead Elimination Surveillance System, 2006–2019, with elevated blood lead levels.

≥5 µg/dL ≥10 µg/dL
No Yes No Yes
N = 171,931 (87.1%) N = 25,453 (12.9%) N = 192,752 (97.7%) N = 4632 (2.3%)
Sex
 Female 87.8 12.2 97.9 2.1
 Male 86.4 13.6 97.4 2.6
Test method
 Capillary 83.5 16.5 96.9 3.1
 Venous 88.2 11.8 97.9 2.1
Age at test
 0–12 months 92.4 7.6 98.7 1.3
 13–24 months 86.4 13.6 97.3 2.7
 25–36 months 82.2 17.8 96.7 3.3
 37–48 months 83.2 16.8 97.0 3.0
 49–60 months 84.8 15.2 97.5 2.5
 61–72 months 86.2 13.8 97.7 2.3
Quintiles of population in poverty
 Lowest quintile 92.6 7.4 98.9 1.1
 Second quintile 90.7 9.3 98.5 1.5
 Middle quintile 89.1 10.9 98.1 1.9
 Fourth quintile 84.9 15.1 97.2 2.8
 Highest quintile 81.6 18.4 96.4 3.6
Quintiles of housing built pre-1950
 Lowest quintile 94.0 6.0 99.3 0.7
 Second quintile 91.6 8.4 98.6 1.4
 Middle quintile 87.9 12.1 98.0 2.0
 Fourth quintile 83.7 16.3 96.9 3.1
 Highest quintile 80.5 19.5 96.0 4.0