Table 3.

Differences in parental stress, self-forgiveness, shame, and guilt in parents of children with ASD and in parents of neurotypical children

	Group	n	Mean rank	Z	U	p	r
Parental stress	1	143	172.46	-7.04	4939.50*	≤ .001	.42
	2	135	104.59
Shame	1	143	149.98	-2.247	8154.50	.025	.13
	2	135	128.40
Guilt	1	143	144.94	-1.166	8874.50	.244	.07
	2	135	133.74
Self- forgiveness	1	143	130.05	-1.924	8301.500	.054	.12
	2	135	148.55

1 = parents of children with ASD, 2 = parents of neurotypical children

^*one-side significance tests, all other tests are two-side significance tests

Bolded values represent significant results