Table 3.

Metabolic markers of diagnostic and prognostic significance in DLBCL.

Metabolic Markers	Study Design	Sample Type	Analytical Platform	Statistics	References
Alanine, aspartate, glutamate, cysteine, & methionine	Untargeted	Cell lines	UHPLC/MS	t-test & partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)	[47]
Asparagine & serine	Targeted	Cell lines	NMR	Two-sided Fisher’s exact test & principal component analysis (PCA)	[46]
lysine & arginine	Untargeted	Serum	NMR	Supervised multivariate analysis	[48]
Valine, hexadecenoic acid & pyroglutamic acid	Untargeted	Serum	GC/MS	PCA & PLS-DA	[49]
2-aminoadipic acid, 2-aminoheptanedioic acid, erythritol & threitol	Untargeted	Plasma	GC/MS	t-test, multivariate analyses & PLS-DA	[50]
Ornithine	Untargeted	Cell lines	GC/MS	t-test, one-way ANOVA) & orthogonal partial least-squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA)	[51]
Pyruvic acid	Targeted	Cell lines & FFPE	NMR & GC/MS	The Shapiro–Wilk test, two-sided Welch test, the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test & PCA	[52]
Malate	Untargeted	Plasma	GC/MS	two-tailed Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, PCA, a supervised PLS-DA & OPLS-DA	[53]
2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)	Untargeted	Serum & cell lines	HPLC/MS	Two-tailed t-test, and XCMS/R	[55]
Lactate	Targeted	Cell lines	GC/MS	Two-tailed t-test, Kaplan–Meier curves & log-rank test	[54]
Glycine	Targeted	Cell lines	HPLC/MS	t-test	[56]
Choline	Targeted	Serum	UPLC/MS	Two-tailed t-test	[57]
Choline	Untargeted	Plasma	UHPLC/MS & GC/MS	t-tests & supervised multivariate analysis	[58]