Table 1.

Precursor studies on the DNA content of cell-derived EVs (2011–2016).

Cell Lines/Samples	Main Results	Reference
Three medulloblastoma cell lines.	MVs carry DNA which reflects the genetic status of the tumor with a significant amplification of the c-Myc oncogene; exoDNA is primarily single stranded.	[6]
Murine cardiomyocite muscle cell line.	MVs/exos containing DNA/RNA could transfer chromosomal DNA sequences to target fibroblasts.	[7]
Human VSMCs culture and plasma. K562s and human neutrophils.	EV-mediated transfer of gDNA to recipient cells: a novel mechanism for intercellular genetic influence. Transfer of BCL/ABL hybrid gene from K562s-EVs to normal human neutrophils.	[9]
Two pancreatic cancer cell lines. Serum from PDAC patients.	Exos contain >10kb fragments of ds-gDNA spanning all chromosomes. Specific KRAS and p53DNA mutations found in serum exosomes of PDAC patients.	[10]
Three cancer model cell lines: human myeloid leukemia; human colorectal carcinoma; and murine melanoma.	The majority of DNA associated with tumor exos is double stranded either externally (>8.5 kb), larger than internal ExoDNA, or extended to a broad panel of tumor cell lines; in murine melanoma, only a 10% sExo subset contained DNA; exo-dsDNA reflects the mutational status of parental cells.	[11]
Two (IEC) rat cell lines, (nontumorigenic (RAT-1) and tumoral (RAS-3).	The RAS-3 EVs contained dsDNA large fragments, covering the entire rat genome, including the transferable full-length H-RAS oncogene (3308 bp).	[12]
Human mast cells.	The EV-DNA released by human mast cells is usually associated with the outside of EVs.	[13]
Human BM-hMSCs−/+ transduction with a plant DNA	The cell-derived EVs also carry high molecular DNA not originating from dying cells, mainly associated to the outer EV membrane, and not organized in nucleosomes. Confirmation of the EV-mediated horizontal gene transfer.	[14]
Review	Summary of ds-gDNA in circulating exosomes.	[15]
Serums	Stability of EVs extracted from serums under different storage conditions.	[16]