Table 1.

Animal models for hypertrophic scarring (HTS).

Model	Scar Location	Advantages	Disadvantages
Rabbit ear HTS * model [124,125]	Ventral side of rabbit ear	Simple, reliable model Ease of handling Possibility of creating multiple wounds	Skin of the ventral side is too difficult to handle because of low thickness Involvement of cells other than skin cells during healing, such as chondrocytes Risk of damaging the underlying cartilage
Modified rabbit ear HTS model—use of cryosurgery [126]	Ventral side of rabbit ear	Low risk of damaging the cartilage	Skin of the ventral side is too difficult to handle because of low thickness Involvement of cells other than skin cells during healing, such as chondrocyte
Modified Rabbit ear HTS model—application of thermal injury [127]	Ventral side of rabbit ear	Elevated scar within short duration compared to the typical rabbit ear HTS model	Skin of the ventral side is too difficult to handle because of low thickness Involvement of cells other than skin cells during healing, such as chondrocytes Uncontrolled thermal injury can cause variability in scarring effect
HTS model on rabbit by injecting anhydrous alcohol [128]	Dorsal skin	HTS-like appearance comparable to the rabbit ear HTS model Low cost Ease of handling	Absence of healing response
Burn hypertrophic model on porcine skin [57]	Dorsal Skin	Elevated scar comparable to human scar	High cost Difficult to handle
HTS model by splinting of rat wound [131]	Dorsal skin	HTS-like features by reducing the formation of neo-epithelium Low cost Ease of handling	Splinting may create a higher and more persistent tensional state
Scar on CXCR3 * deficient mouse [134]	Dorsal skin	Simple, reliable model Ease of handling	The model requires further validation
HTS model produced by grafting human xenografts on nude mice [139]	Dorsal skin	Establishment of human scar on an animal model	Difficulty in maintaining nude mice Absence of immune response in mice
HTS model by resecting abdominal wall muscle on mice [137]	Ventral skin, abdominal region	Simple and reliable method Ease of handling	Not comparable with general scar development after burn injury or trauma

* Abbreviations: HTS (hypertrophic scar); CXCR3 (C–X–C motif chemokine receptor 3).