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. 2023 Feb 28;15(5):1545. doi: 10.3390/cancers15051545

Table 2.

Protocol of lymphofluoroscopy and the procedure to determine the different variables.

Step Duration Description
Preparation 0.1 Dilution of ICG Suspended ICG in 25 mL pure water and subsequently diluted with saline water to reach a final concentration of ICG of 0.08 mg/mL per injection site
0.2 Camera Participant in sitting position with arms on table; camera is held perpendicular to the observed skin at a distance of 15 cm (best focus)
0.3 Injection of ICG Intradermal injection of 0.2 mL ICG solution in 1st (ulnar injection point) and 4th web space (radial injection point) dorsally in the hand
Early phase 1.1 Rest 3 min Hand in resting position
1.2 Activity 3 min Participant performs flexion/extension of the hand, with a large range of motion and lower arm stable on table
1.3 Stimulation 5 min Therapist performs manual techniques on the skin: fills lymph capillaries at the level of the injection points and stimulates transport through the lymph collectors and dermal backflow
1.4 Drawing on body diagram and completing evaluation sheet 5 min Is not used in the present paper
Break 2.1 Pressure and activity 1 h
  • -

    Therapist places a piece of foam on the injection points; an elastic bandage (Mollelast, Lohmann, and Rauscher) is placed around the hand to increase the pressure on the injection points;

  • -

    Participant performs exercises: alternately, 5 min of squeezing hand, 10 min of rest, 5 min of circumduction with hand, 10 min rest, etc.

Late phase 3.1 Scan with camera 20 s
  • -

    Dorsal arm (with hand in pronation) up to retroclavicular region;

  • -

    Ventral arm (with hand in supination) up to axilla (at the end lift of arm);

  • -

    Scapular region: from ipsilateral axilla to vertebral column;

  • -

    Pectoral region: from ipsilateral axilla to sternum;

3.2 Drawing on skin and body diagram 10 min
  • -

    Medical doctor/therapist draws, under fluorescence feedback, the lymph collectors and regions with dermal backflow on the participant’s skin; pictures are taken of the ventral, dorsal, and lateral side of the arm and trunk

  • -

    Lymph vessels and regions of dermal backflow (splash, stardust, and diffuse) are designed on a body diagram

3.3 Completing evaluation sheet 5 min
  • -

    Number of lymph vessels (out of injection points and out of dermal backflow)

  • -

    Presence of splash, stardust, and diffuse dermal backflow patterns and location (fingers, hand, proximal/distal and ventral/dorsal lower or upper arm, breast, and trunk)

  • -

    Number of lymph nodes (cubital, humeral, axillary, retroclavicular)

ICG = indocyanine green.