Antitumor effect of ΔppGpp S. Gallinarum carrying prrnBP1-psp-TP in BALB/c mice grafted with CT26 colon carcinoma and 4T1 murine breast cancer cells. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously implanted with 1 × 106 CT26 colon carcinoma cells (n = 5 per group, (A–C)) or 1 × 106 4T1 murine breast carcinoma cells (n = 6 per group, (D–F)) on the high flank. Mice were treated with PBS (black line), ΔppGpp S. Gallinarum (SG4023, green line), or S. Gallinarum transformed with the therapeutic plasmid prrnBP1-psp-TP (SMP4003, red line) by intravenous injection at a dose of 1 × 108 CFU/mouse when tumor volumes reached 90–120 mm3. Average tumor sizes in each group of mice grafted with CT26 (A) or 4T1 (D) were recorded every 2 days after treatment with the engineered bacteria until the volumes reached > 1500 mm3 (two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, p < 0.0001). Representative images of CT26 carcinoma (B) or 4T1 carcinoma (E) in the above mice. The survival of CT26 tumor-bearing mice (C) or 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (F) treated as described above was determined using Kaplan–Meier curves (logrank Mantel–Cox test, p < 0.005 and p < 0.05 for (C,F), related to data shown in Figure S5.