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. 2023 Feb 21;11(5):639. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11050639

Table 1.

Review of collected articles.

Authors Country of Study Sample Methodology Quality Dimensions & Drivers Dependent
Variable		 Main Factors Affecting Satisfaction
[12] Belgium, United Kingdom, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA; 61,168 surveys from nurses in 488 European hospitals and 617 USA hospitals, and 131,318 surveys from patients in 210 Europeans hospitals and 430 USA hospitals; Logistic regression analysis; odds ratio (OR); robust logistic regression with cluster; p-value; Nursing care; environment; burnout; dissatisfaction; intention to leave the job; patient safety; nursing care Overall patient satisfaction with nursing care;
Willingness to recommend hospital;
  • -

    nursing care;

  • -

    environment;
[29] 21 European countries; 33,734 surveys from 21 European countries; Additive ordinary least-squares regressions; p-value; r-square; Service experience; fulfilment of expectations; perceived health status; patient’s personality; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    fulfilment of expectations;

  • -

    provider type;

  • -

    insurance;
[11] USA 500 surveys from patients of 38 different physicians; Kruskal–Wallis test; p-value; maximum likelihood ratio; chi-square; maximum-likelihood ordered logit models; Fulfillment of expectations; information about symptoms duration; information about symptom resolution; patient’s age; patient’s autonomy; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    fulfillment of expectations;

  • -

    information provided;

  • -

    patient’s autonomy;
[30] Bangladesh 1913 surveys from a public hospital; Multivariate regression analysis; box plots; p-value; Working hours; waiting time; medical care; doctor’s attitudes; appointment duration; privacy; physical examination; information provided; advice given by doctor; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    appointment duration;

  • -

    privacy;

  • -

    physical examination;

  • -

    information provided;

  • -

    the advice given by the doctor;
[31] Scotland 2249 surveys from five public hospitals; Spearmen correlation coefficient (SCC); p-value; multivariate linear regression; r-square; Patient’s age; patient’s gender; health status; patient’s education; coordination of care; comfort; emotional support; respect for patient’s preferences; involvement of family; continuity of care; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    comfort;

  • -

    emotional support;

  • -

    respect for patient’s preferences;
[32] Bangladesh 216 surveys from 57 hospitals and clinics; Factor analysis; varimax rotation; Cronbach’s alpha; p-value; multiple regression analysis; r-square; Ability to answer questions; doctor’s assurance; nurse’s assurance; staff’s assurance; communication with the patient; baksheesh; doctor’s attitudes; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    doctor’s attitudes;

  • -

    doctor’s assurance;

  • -

    nurse’s assurance;

  • -

    staff’s assurance;

  • -

    ability to answer questions;

  • -

    communication with the patient;
[33] South Africa 263 surveys from diabetic outpatients in two public hospitals; Factor analysis; varimax rotation; Cronbach’s alpha; t-tests; p-value; PCC; analysis of variance (ANOVA); Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO); Doctor’s kindness; doctor’s encouragement; doctor’s attitude; doctor’s ability to listen; doctors are supportive; doctor’s ability to answer questions; information provided; medical skills; information provided; maintenance of contact; follow up care; fair treatment; waiting time; availability of seat in waiting area; cleanliness; privacy; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    medical care;

  • -

    doctor’s attitudes;

  • -

    doctor’s kindness;

  • -

    medical skills;

  • -

    information provided;

  • -

    doctor’s ability to answer questions;

  • -

    cleanliness;
[34] France 533 surveys from 12 medical services at a university hospital; Bivariate and multivariate ordinal polychotomous analysis; p-value; t-tests; Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC); chi-square; OR; Admission process; nursing care; medical care; information; hospital environment; overall quality of care; recommendations; patient’s age; patient’s gender; distance to the hospital; community size; patient’s BMI index; patient’s Karnofsky index; assistance needed at the hospital; patient’s autonomy; length of stay; attitude towards the length of stay; privacy; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    patient’s age;

  • -

    perceived health status;

  • -

    admission process;

  • -

    patient’s autonomy;

  • -

    privacy;

  • -

    length of stay;
[35] Turkey 369 surveys from one public hospital; SERVQUAL; Cronbach’s alpha; p-value; average variance extracted; composite assurance; factor analysis; varimax rotation; structural equation modelling (SEM); Accommodations; communication with the patient; empathy; skills; ability to answer questions; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    kindness;

  • -

    skills;
[36] USA 5232 surveys from the emergency department; Cronbach’s alpha; SCC; p-value; ordinal regression model; OR; likelihood ratio; Communication with family; waiting time; received help when needed; identification of health professionals; discharge process; information about return to the emergency department; signs of being aware regarding illness; side effects; provision of medication; takes medication as advised; results of medical exams; follow-up appointment; information provided; doctor’s attitudes; Overall patient satisfaction;
Willingness to return;
  • -

    doctor’s attitudes;

  • -

    waiting time;

  • -

    information provided;

  • -

    results of medical exams;
[37] USA 21,689 surveys from seven Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centres; t-test; Wilcoxon rank-sum test; chi-square; multivariate linear regression; Cronbach’s alpha; r-square; p-value; Patient’s age; patient’s gender; marital status; patient’s education; income; occupation; health status; received care outside VA; primary care visit in previous 12 months; distance from clinic; clinic site; provider type; provider’s gender; continuity of care; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    continuity of care;
[38] Netherlands 66,611 surveys from 8 university hospitals and 14 general hospitals; Multilevel analysis; intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC); chi-square; Patient’s gender; patient’s age; patient’s education; health status; hospital type; hospital size; population density; admission process; nursing care; medical care; communication with the patient; patient autonomy; discharge process; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    patient’s age;

  • -

    self-perceived health status;

  • -

    patient’s education;

  • -

    admission process;

  • -

    nursing care;

  • -

    medical care;

  • -

    communication with the patient;

  • -

    patient autonomy;

  • -

    discharge process;
[39] Italy 396 surveys from the dermatology department; Principal components analysis (PCA); p-value; multiple logistic regression; Patient’s age; patient’s gender; patient’s education level; region of residence; duration of disease; illness impact; quality of life, regarding emotions; quality of life, regarding symptoms; quality of life, regarding functioning; medical care; the accuracy of dermatological visit; doctor’s ability to listen; concern for questions; appointment duration; information provided; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    information provided;

  • -

    doctor’s attitudes;

  • -

    patient’s age;

  • -

    illness impact;
[40] USA 437 surveys from the emergency department of a municipal hospital; t-tests; chi-square; Mann-Whitney U tests; p-value; univariate and multivariate analysis; Patient’s age; patient’s gender; patient’s race; insurance; priority code; visit-time of the day; day of the week; disposition; reception courtesy; reception helpfulness; privacy; nursing care; information about treatment provided by nurses; nurses’ skills; information about condition provided by doctors; medical exams explanation provided by doctors; next steps explained by doctors; follow-up instructions; discharge instructions; X-ray staff courtesy; staff care; communication with the family; Overall patient satisfaction;
Willingness to recommend hospital;
  • -

    staff care;

  • -

    safety;

  • -

    follow-up instructions;

  • -

    nurse’s skills;

  • -

    waiting time;

  • -

    patient’s age (solely for willingness to recommend hospital);

  • -

    insurance (solely for willingness to recommend hospital);
[41] United Kingdom 1816 surveys from the oncology department; PCA; varimax rotation; Mann-Whitney U test; Kruskal-Wallis; ANOVA; Bonferroni coefficient; p-value; Patient’s age; physician’s age; patient’s gender; physician’s gender; patient’s physiological morbidity; waiting time; tumor site; type of treatment; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    waiting time;

  • -

    patient’s age;

  • -

    the patient’s physiological morbidity;
[42] Sweden 7245 surveys; Chi-square; PCC; Fisher’s exact probability test; Patient’s age; patient’s gender; self-perceived health status; the origin of birth; patient’s education; living area; living condition; fulfillment of expectations; medical care; waiting time; patients’ participation in making decisions about treatment; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    patient’s age;

  • -

    patient’s education;

  • -

    self-perceived health status;

  • -

    patient’s nationality;

  • -

    fulfillment of expectations;

  • -

    medical care;

  • -

    waiting time;

  • -

    patients’ participation in making decisions about treatment;
[43] Norway 10,912 surveys from 63 hospitals; Test-retest assurance; ICC; Cronbach’s alpha; PCC; multivariate linear regression analysis; multilevel linear regression analysis; p-value; Fulfillment of expectations; nursing care; medical care; incorrect treatment; health personnel in general; organization; waiting time; pain relief; communication with the patient; next of kind–handling; medical equipment; patient demographics; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    nursing care;

  • -

    fulfillment of expectations;

  • -

    medical care;

  • -

    perceived incorrect treatment;
[44] USA 1868 surveys from private outpatient physical therapy clinics; Inter-item correlation; p-value; multiple regression analysis; r-square; Cronbach’s alpha; chi-square; PCA; oblimin rotation; Therapist’s ability to answer questions; therapist’s ability to listen; therapist’s kindness; appointment duration; information provided; staff’s kindness; cleanliness; medical equipment; working hours; the complexity of registration; waiting area; parking; waiting time; location; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    appointment duration;

  • -

    information provided;
[26] Germany 8428 surveys from 39 hospitals; PCA; Cronbach’s alpha; non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test; p-value; chi-square; Fisher’s exact test; logistic regression analysis; Fulfillment of expectations; outcome; the kindness of the nurses; the kindness of the doctors; organization of procedures and operations; quality of food; accommodation; medical care; discharge process; physician’s knowledge of patient anamnesis; admission process; communication with the patient; cleanliness; Overall patient satisfaction;
  • -

    outcome;

  • -

    the kindness of nurses;

  • -

    the kindness of doctors;

  • -

    the organisation of procedures and operations;

  • -

    quality of food;

  • -

    accommodations;

  • -

    medical care;

  • -

    discharge process;

  • -

    physician’s knowledge of patient anamnesis;

  • -

    admission process;