Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts.
| Clinical Characteristics | All Subjects (n = 559) | Training Cohort (n = 448) | Validation Cohort (n = 111) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MVI, no (%) | 559 (100) | 448 (100) | 111 (100) | 0.888 |
| Absence | 410 (73.3) | 328 (73.2) | 82 (73.9) | |
| Presence | 149 (26.7) | 120 (26.8) | 29 (26.1) | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 58 (52–66) | 58 (51.3–66) | 59 (52–66) | 0.835 |
| Gender, no (%) | 559 (100) | 448 (100) | 111 (100) | 0.827 |
| Male | 444 (79.4) | 355 (79.2) | 89 (80.2) | |
| Female | 115 (20.6) | 93 (20.8) | 22 (19.8) | |
| MDT (cm), median (IQR) | 2.6 (2.0–3.5) | 2.6 (2.0–3.5) | 2.7 (2.0–3.5) | 0.631 |
| HBsAg status, no (%) | 555 (99.3) | 445 (99.3) | 110 (99.1) | 0.151 |
| Negative | 100 (17.9) | 75 (16.7) | 25 (22.5) | |
| Positive | 455 (81.4) | 370 (82.6) | 85 (76.6) | |
| HBV-DNA | 517 (92.5) | 413 (92.2) | 104 (93.7) | 0.498 |
| Detectable (≥103) | 154 (27.6) | 126 (28.1) | 28 (25.2) | |
| Beyond detection (<103) | 363 (64.9) | 287 (64.1) | 76 (68.5) | |
| AFP, no (%) | 549 (98.2) | 439 (98.0) | 110 (99.1) | 0.511 |
| Median (IQR), ng/mL | 10.6 (3.6–131.0) | 11.4 (3.6–131.1) | 8.5 (3.6–125.1) | |
| CEA, no (%) | 546 (97.7) | 436 (97.3) | 110 (99.1) | 0.499 |
| Median (IQR), ng/mL | 2.7 (1.9–4.0) | 2.7 (1.8–4.0) | 2.8 (2.0–4.3) | |
| CA19-9, no (%) | 492 (88.0) | 391 (87.3) | 101 (91) | 0.318 |
| Median (IQR), KU/L | 7.65 (4.7–14.1) | 7.4 (4.7–13.7) | 9.9 (5.1–15.2) | |
| PIVKA II, no (%) | 334 (59.7) | 269 (60) | 65 (58.6) | 0.967 |
| Median (IQR), KU/L | 82 (35–400) | 83 (35–391) | 71 (38.5–448) | |
| Therapeutic Method | 559 (100) | 448 (100) | 111 (100) | 1.000 |
| Resection | 540 (96.6) | 433 (96.7) | 107 (96.4) | |
| Transplantation | 19 (3.4) | 15 (3.3) | 4 (3.6) | |
| Child Score | 559 (100) | 448 (100) | 111 (100) | 0.625 |
| A | 545 (97.5) | 438 (97.8) | 107 (96.4) | |
| B | 14 (2.5) | 10 (2.2) | 4 (3.6) |
Note: MVI: microvascular invasion; MDT: maximum tumor diameter; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; CEA: carcinoma embryonic antigen; CA19-9: carcinoma antigen 19-9; PIVKA II: protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II.