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. 2023 Feb 25;12(5):741. doi: 10.3390/cells12050741

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of exposure to MIA in offspring. Exposure to MIA in the prenatal period induces various diseases, such as metabolic, neurodevelopmental, immune system disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. MIA is one of the risk factors for developing these diseases and disorders in the postnatal period. Immune system disorders might cause these diseases due to MIA exposure in the prenatal period.