Table 2.

Odds ratios for oral hygiene management issues and oral health status according to FAST.

		Outcome Variables
		Refusal of Oral Health Care (0: Non-Refusal, 1: Refusal)			Independence in Performing Oral Health Care (0: Independent, 1: Dependent)			Rinsing Ability (0: Possible, 1: Impossible)			Gargling Ability (0: Possible, 1: Impossible)			Dental Plaque Accumulation (0: Absent, 1: Present)			Tongue Coating (0: Absent, 1: Present)
Exposure Variable		OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value
Univariable model	Combined FAST Stage 1–3 (ref.)
	FAST Stage 4	4.44	0.37–53.41	0.240	1.36	0.17–10.98	0.774	1.49	0.08–28.59	0.789	2.81	0.36–21.72	0.320	8.00	2.10–30.47	0.002	2.43	0.73–8.13	0.149
	FAST Stage 5	6.18	0.68–56.59	0.107	0.91	0.16–5.34	0.921	3.84	0.42–35.55	0.235	5.28	0.98–28.42	0.053	2.31	0.80–6.69	0.121	1.57	0.63–3.95	0.334
	FAST Stage 6	17.34	2.04–147.28	0.009	7.56	1.78–32.17	0.006	17.42	2.12–142.97	0.008	25.84	5.11–130.75	<0.001	2.54	0.95–6.77	0.063	0.92	0.40–2.10	0.833
	FAST Stage 7	36.44	4.31–308.18	0.001	88.38	20.17–387.29	<0.001	75.69	9.24–619.86	<0.001	134.63	24.98–725.68	<0.001	3.30	1.25–8.66	0.016	1.36	0.60–3.07	0.458
Multivariable model *	Combined FAST Stage 1–3 (ref.)
	FAST Stage 4	4.44	0.36–54.66	0.244	0.87	0.12–6.39	0.889	1.41	0.09–23.10	0.810	2.90	0.36–23.63	0.318	8.50	2.01–35.84	0.004	2.66	0.77–9.18	0.121
	FAST Stage 5	4.81	0.50–45.97	0.173	0.39	0.07–2.23	0.289	3.49	0.39–30.98	0.260	5.82	1.00–33.88	0.050	2.04	0.64–6.47	0.228	1.84	0.71–4.76	0.2064
	FAST Stage 6	18.49	2.12–161.69	0.008	5.57	1.70–18.28	0.005	15.91	2.05–123.58	0.008	27.32	5.01–149.01	<0.001	2.40	0.82–7.03	0.111	0.88	0.37–2.08	0.765
	FAST Stage 7	30.52	3.52–264.48	0.002	56.35	16.73–189.84	<0.001	62.46	8.10–481.74	<0.001	27.32	25.39–874.06	<0.001	4.14	1.43–12.01	0.009	1.63	0.70–3.79	0.254

* Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, and the number of comorbidities. CI, confidence interval; FAST, functional assessment staging of Alzheimer’s disease; OR, odds ratio.