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. 2023 Mar 6;20(5):4624. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054624

Table 3.

NOS risk of bias evaluation.

Reference Selection Comparability Exposition Conclusion
[17] ★★★★ ★★ Low risk
[36] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[43] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[41] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[44] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[42] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[45] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[37] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[39] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[40] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[38] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk
[46] ★★★★ ★★★ Low risk

★ indicates the quality of the studies, when the sum of the ★ is <4: low-quality study; 4–6 ★: moderate-quality study and ≥7 ★: high-quality study.