Table 1.

Description of studies performed on a telemedicine service.

Study	Type	Aim	Disease	Telemedicine System	Population	Duration
Morris C., Scott E., Mars M., 2022 [23]	Retrospective	Auditing the informal use of instant messaging for dermatology by: Assessing the nature and content of the information sent to dermatologists. Determining the referring doctors’ interactions and satisfaction with their use of instant messaging.	Dermatology	Telecounselling	Service Users Medical Specialist (Dermatologists) Referring doctors	4 years and 3 months
Biscak T.M. et al., 2013 [24]	Retrospective	To assess the use of the teledermatology service, including the characteristics of clinicians using the service and their perceptions of it.	Dermatology	Telecounselling	Consultations Referring doctors	1 year
Miller B.J. et al., 2020 [25]	Retrospective	Evaluate a telemedicine system that provides a real-time videoconference teledermatology clinic to enable patients in rural and remote Queensland to access a specialist for dermatology care.	Dermatology	Telecounselling	Consultations	2 years
McWilliams T. et al., 2016 [26].	Retrospective	To conduct a retrospective audit of avoided transfers and bed days as a result of the use of the paediatric Burns Telehealth Service and to estimate their cost savings in 2012/13.	Pediatric burn	Telecounselling Monitoring	Caregivers of patients	8 years
Biggs K. et al., 2010 [27]	Retrospective	Evaluate an “Email a Clinician” link on a medically reviewed sexual health website which allows general practitioners to communicate remotely with sexual health clinic specialists.	Sexual Health	Telecounselling	General Pratictioners Health care Workers	1 year
NG L., Narayanan N., Diamond D., Pitigala N., 2022 [28]	N.A.	To identify service user demographic and clinical characteristics of an acute mental health service in South Auckland during the first New Zealand coronavirus.	Psychiatry	Telecounselling	Service Users	1 Month (comparison)
Harvey R. et al., 1998 [29]	Retrospective	To audit and evaluate the introduction of a novel support service for younger people with dementia, their families, and the professionals caring for them.	Neurology	Telecounselling	Service Users	2 year
Handschu et al., 2014 [30]	N.A.	The implementation and certification of a single quality management system for stroke care in all participating hospitals of the network, including stroke centers and local hospitals.	Neurology (Stroke)	Telecounselling	Consulting PhysiciansPhysicians in local hospitals Patients	4 years
Haydon H.M. et al. 2021 [31]	N.A.	Investigate the growth and reach of Geri-Connect: a service established in 2017 to support people living in residential aged care facilities in regional Victoria, Australia.	Geriatry	Telecounselling Telemonitoring	Clinicians	3 years
Kennedy C. et al., 2006 [32]	N.A.	To audit a web-based telemedicine service in ophthalmology.	Ophthalmology	Telecounselling	Service Users	1 year
Patel A. et al., 2020 [33]	N.A.	Assess the efficacy of the telephone service offered by the Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (London) during the COVID-19 pandemic.	Ophthalmology	Telecounselling	Consultations Service Users	//
O’Day et al., 2016 [34]	Prospectivee	Comparing two five-month prospective audits of a teleophthalmology service (Lions Outback Vision) in rural Western Australia.	Ophthalmology	Telecounselling	Consultations	2 years (comparison)
Bartnik et al., 2018 [35]	Retrospective	Audit the lion’s outback vision and provide practical insights for others looking to embed a telemedicine program as part of delivering outreach clinical services.	Ophthalmology	Telecounselling	Consultations	1 year
Owen J. et al., 2022 [36]	Retrospective	To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reach, efficacy, adoption, and implementation of telehealth delivery for the exercise of physiology services.	Physiology	Telecounselling	Physiology clinicians	5 months
Navein J., Hagmann J., Ellis J. 1997 [37]	Retrospective	Evaluate a satellite-based telemedicine system deployed in support of remote primary-care physicians in the U.S. military.	Orthopedics	Telecounselling Monitoring	Referring/Consulting clinicians Patients	1 year and 3 months
Dunkerley S. et al., 2020 [38]	Prospective	Assess how the initial changes implemented within the department had affected outpatient fracture management and evaluate if the structure was meeting the new standards set by BOAST (the British Orthopedic Association).	Fracture	Telecounselling Monitoring	Referring/Consulting clinicians Patients	1 month
Beard M., Orlando J.F., Kumar S. 2017 [39]	Prospective	Determine the feasibility, appropriateness, and access to a telehealth clinic by auditing the process and outcomes by a pilot telehealth spinal assessment clinic.	Spinal disorders	Telecounselling	Consultations	5 months
Vitacca et al., 2010 [40]	Retrospective	Evaluate patients’ characterization and staff workload on a teleassistance service for patients with chronic respiratory failure.	Respiratory failure	Monitoring	Patients	5 years
Williams M. 2020 [41]	Retrospective	To evaluate rural paediatric diabetic telehealth clinics, including whether they meet clinical standards and provide equivalent care to central clinics: families were satisfied, and difficulties were encountered.	Pediatric diabetic	Telecounselling Monitoring	Referring/Consulting clinicians Patients	1 year
Webster et al., 2008 [42]	N.A.	Evaluate a telemedicine service established for the Scottish Police College with medical advice provided from the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary,	Injury/illness	Telecounselling	Consultations Service Users	1 year and 4 months
Alkmim M.B.M et al., 2015 [43]	N.A.	To describe the audit of the teleconsultation responses performed by the Telehealth Network of Minas Gervais (TNMG).	Mixed	Telecounselling	Service Users	1 month
Jury S.C., Kornberg J.A. 2016 [47]	N.A.	Evaluate the possibility of integrating telehealth into “business as usual”.	N.S.	Telecounselling	Clinicians	1 month