Table 4.
Nutritional health knowledge scores of pregnant women participating in the nutritional health survey, April–May 2022 (n = 401).
| Variable | Outcome | Iron (0–4) |
Folic Acid (0–3) |
Calcium (0–3) |
ω-3 (0–2) |
Vit. D (0–2) |
Iodine (0–2) |
Vit. A (0–1) |
Major Ntr. (0–3) |
Ntr. Rec. (0–14) |
Supp. (0–2) |
Safety (0–4) |
Total (0–40) |
Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ≤28 yo | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 8.4 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 24.2 ± 5.1 | 0.068 |
| >28 yo | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 8.5 ± 2.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 25.2 ± 5.4 | ||
| Education | Pre-Uni | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 2.7 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 23.0 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
| University | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 9.1 ± 2.2 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 26.3 ± 4.8 | ||
| City | Prague | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 25.5 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
| Pilsen | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 8.1 ± 2.6 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 23.7 ± 5.3 | ||
| Pregnancy | First | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 25.5 ± 5.1 | 0.041 |
| ≥Second | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 24.4 ± 5.5 | ||
| BMI | <18.5 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 22.5 ± 6.1 | 0.024 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 8.4 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 25.0 ± 5.1 | ||
| 25–29.9 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 8.8 ± 2.5 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 25.7 ± 5.6 | ||
| 30–34.9 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 9.2 ± 2.4 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 26.3 ± 5.2 | ||
| ≥35 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 8.0 ± 2.9 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 22.6 ± 6.1 | ||
| BMI Level | UW and EO | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 7.9 ± 2.9 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 22.5 ± 6.0 | 0.005 |
| N and O | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 25.3 ± 5.2 | ||
| NCD | No | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 8.3 ± 2.6 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 24.5 ± 5.5 | 0.044 |
| Yes | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 8.8 ± 2.3 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 25.7 ± 5.1 | ||
| Medicines | No | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 8.1 ± 2.9 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 24.2 ± 6.2 | 0.284 |
| Yes | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 2.4 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 25.3 ± 4.9 | ||
| Alt. Diet | No | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 24.9 ± 5.4 | 0.247 |
| Yes | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 9.4 ± 2.6 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 26.9 ± 5.2 | ||
| Total | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 8.5 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 24.9 ± 5.4 | ||
Mann–Whitney test (U) and Kruskal–Wallis test (H) were used with a significance level ≤ 0.05. UW and EO = underweight and extremely obese. N and O = normal and obese.