Table 3.
Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions predicting the moderation effects of the presence of children in the impact of transitioning from being a housewife to paid employment on women’s mental health.
| GHQ-12 | Total Sample |
Traditional Women | Egalitarian Women |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Job status (Ref. = Remain to be housewives) | |||
| Transition into paid employment | 3.59 *** | 6.00 ** | 3.26 ** |
| (1.02) | (1.96) | (1.10) | |
| Job status × Presence of children, (Ref. = Remain to be housewives × No) | |||
| Transition into paid employment × Yes | −2.23 * | −4.57 * | −1.85 |
| (1.09) | (2.12) | (1.18) | |
| GRA, (Ref. = Traditional women) | |||
| Egalitarian women | 0.58 | ||
| (0.43) | |||
| Presence of children, (Ref. = No) | |||
| Yes | 0.35 | 0.14 | 0.55 |
| (0.71) | (1.48) | (0.79) | |
| Constant | 21.71 *** | 18.05 *** | 22.74 *** |
| (1.37) | (2.86) | (1.43) | |
| Number of respondents | 1222 | 326 | 896 |
| R-squared | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.10 |
Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. All models control for gender role attitudes, age group, presence of children, marital status, presence of longstanding illness, logged income and ethnic group.