Table 2.

Example of combinations of HCC diagnostic biomarkers. Sensitivity, specificity and AUROC shown as percentages (%).

Biomarker	Type	Study Type	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUROC (%)	Cut-Off	Ref.	Notes
α-FP+DKK1+OPN	Protein	Retrospective	87.50–88.76	88.37–88.70	94.8–94.9	6.79 ng/mL (α-FP), 1.31 ng/mL (DKK1), 15.11 ng/mL (OPN)	Ge, T. et al., 2015 [75]	CHB
α-FP+α-FP-L3+DCP	Protein	Prospective	85	85	75.86	-	Best, J. et al., 2016 [15]	CLD
α-FP+ DKK1	Protein	Prospective	87.5	92.3	94.6	-	Erdal, H. et al., 2016 [90]	Cirrhosis any etiology
α-FP+α-FP-L3+DCP	Protein	Prospective	85	85	75.86	-	Best, J. et al., 2016	CLD
α-FP+DCP	Protein	Metanalysis	84	86	89	-	Chen, H. et al., 2017 [178]	Cirrhosis, Viral CLD
α-FP+GPC-3	Protein	Retrospective	98.5	97.8		93	El-Saadany, S. et al., 2018 [68]	HCC
α-FP+α-FP-L3+DCP	Protein	Metanalysis	88	79	91	-	Wang, X. et al., 2020 [173]	CLD, Cirrhosis