Table 3.

Example of candidate HCC diagnostic/prognostic algorithms. Sensitivity, specificity and AUROC shown as percentages (%).

Method	Study Type	Country	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUROC (%)	Ref.	Notes
APAC	Prospective	Germany	85.2	89.2	93	Lambrecht, J. et al., 2021 [213]	Cirrhosis any etiology
APAC	Retrospective	U.S.A.	85	89	92	Chalasani, N.P. et al., 2022 [144]	Cirrhosis any etiology
GAAP	Retrospective	China	87.2	79.2	91	Liu, M. et al., 2020 [207]	CLD
GALAD	Retrospective	United Kingdom	92	85	95	Johnson PJ et al., 2014 [204]	CLD
GALAD	Retrospective	Germany, Japan, and Hong Kong	80–91	81–90	85–95	Berhane, S. et al., 2016 [205]	CLD
GALAD	Retrospective	Germany, Japan, and United Kingdom	89.3	95.7	99	Schotten, C. et al., 2021 [208]	CLD (not viral)
GALAD	Retrospective	Germany, Japan, and United Kingdom	89.3	95.7	98	Schotten, C. et al., 2021 [208]	CHC
GALAD	Retrospective	Germany, Japan, and United Kingdom	76.9	95.4	96	Schotten, C. et al., 2021 [208]	CHB
GALAD	Prospective	U.S.A.	54.8–66.7	90	85	Singal, A.G. et al., 2022 [35]	CLD
GALAD	Prospective	U.S.A.	64–74	77.1–78.5	75	Tayob, N. et al., 2022 [36]	CLD
GALAD	Prospective	China	76	88	90	Huang, C. et al., 2022 [210]	CLD
GALAD-C	Retrospective	China	82.6	85.9	92	Liu, M. et al., 2020 [207]	CLD
GALADUS	Prospective	U.S.A.	95	91	98	Yang, J.D. et al., 2019 [212]	CLD
PEB	Retrospective	U.S.A.	63.6	-	-	Tayob, N. et al., 2018 [202]	HCV cirrhosis
HES	Retrospective	U.S.A.	52.56	48.13	-	Tayob, N. et al., 2019 [204]	Cirrhosis of any etiology
mt-HBT	Rerospective	U.S.A.	72	88	91	Chalasani, N.P. et al., 2022 [144]	CLD
Age+Gender+α-FP+PIVKA-II	Retrospective	China	83	90	93	Yang T et al., 2019 [95]	CLD