Table 2.

Results of factors associated with smoking and community periodontal index.

Variables		Community Periodontal Index (CPI)
		Male		Female
		OR	95% CIs	OR	95% CIs
Smoking Behavior
	Non-smoker	1.00		1.00
	Ex-smoker	1.20	(0.95–1.50)	1.19	(0.89–1.60)
	Current smoker	1.78 *	(1.43–2.23)	1.44 *	(1.04–1.99)
Age
	20–29	1.00		1.00
	30–39	1.41	(0.99–2.00)	1.18	(0.91–1.54)
	40–49	1.77 *	(1.24–2.51)	1.63 *	(1.24–2.15)
	50–59	1.83 *	(1.24–2.69)	1.93 *	(1.44–2.57)
	60–69	2.36 *	(1.53–3.64)	1.79 *	(1.27–2.52)
	≥70	2.87 *	(1.70–4.83)	1.88 *	(1.20–2.96)
Marital status
	Married	1.00		1.00
	Divorced	0.77	(0.51–1.17)	1.36	(0.97–1.92)
	Single	0.86	(0.64–1.14)	0.79 *	(0.63–0.98)
Educational level
	Middle school	1.63 *	(1.15–2.23)	1.59 *	(1.18–2.14)
	High school	1.10	(0.89–1.35)	1.10	(0.92–1.31)
	College	1.00		1.00
Household income
	Low	1.47 *	(1.01–2.15)	1.03	(0.78–1.37)
	Mid-low	1.15	(0.90–1.46)	0.99	(0.82–1.21)
	Mid-high	1.05	(0.86–1.28)	0.93	(0.78–1.12)
	High	1.00		1.00
Region
	Metropolitan	1.00		1.00
	Urban	0.77	(0.59–1.02)	0.73	(0.57–0.92)
	Rural	1.39	(0.91–2.10)	1.78 *	(1.19–2.67)
Perceived stress level
	Low	1.00		1.00
	Mid-low	0.89	(0.69–1.14)	1.02	(0.83–1.26)
	Mid-high	0.93	(0.68–1.27)	0.98	(0.77–1.25)
	High	0.94	(0.59–1.50)	1.25	(0.881.77)
Occupational categories
	White	1.00		1.00
	Pink	1.13	(0.85–1.52)	1.17	(0.92–1.48)
	Blue	1.48 *	(1.17–1.89)	1.06	(0.80–1.41)
	Inoccupation	0.72 *	(0.57–0.91)	1.00	(0.83–1.20)
Current drinking status
	Never	1.00		1.00
	Monthly	0.92	(0.74–1.14)	1.24 *	(1.07–1.43)
	Weekly	1.21	(0.95–1.55)	1.17	(0.95–1.45)
Physical activity
	Adequate	1.00		1.00
	Inadequate	1.03	(0.87–1.22)	1.04	(0.90–1.21)
Teeth Brushing Frequency
	≤1	1.17	(0.87–1.57)	1.57 *	(1.03–2.39)
	2	1.21 *	(1.02–1.43)	1.02	(0.88–1.17)
	≥3	1.00		1.00
Dental checkup status
	No	1.62 *	(1.36–1.93)	1.60 *	(1.39–1.84)
	Yes	1.00		1.00

* p-value < 0.05.