Figure 6:

Stabilizing selection attenutates GWAS effect size estimates. The calculations displayed here assume that genetic variation in the trait is contributed by 1,000 loci of equal effect spaced evenly along the human genome. Stabilizing selection is stronger if the width of the selection function scaled by the phenotypic variance, $V_S/V_P$, is smaller. The placement of the point for human height assumes a heritability of 0.8 and a strength of stabilizing selection of $V_S/V_P=30$, as estimated by Sanjak et al. (2018). Details of these calculations can be found in Appendix A3.4. Note the different scales of the $y$ -axes in $A$ and B.