TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Variables | Male | Female | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56.20 ± 7.74 | 55.50 ± 8.01 | .01 |
| Education (years) | 5.56 ± 5.01 | 2.48 ± 3.24 | <.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 74.55 ± 12.46 | 68.02 ± 11.64 | <.001 |
| Height (cm) | 170.36 ± 6.77 | 156.46 ± 5.55 | <.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.50 ± 11.43 | 99.67 ± 11.34 | <.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 100.89 ± 7.29 | 102.19 ± 8.97 | <.001 |
| WHR | 0.96 ± 0.06 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | <.001 |
| Physical activity (Met. h/day) | 37.74 ± 7.64 | 36.87 ± 3.31 | .004 |
| Smoking | |||
| Yes | 571 (84.7%) | 103 (15.3%) | <.001 |
| No | 603 (20%) | 2410 (80%) | |
Abbreviations: FBS, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WHR, waist to hip ratio.
Note: Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) or number (percent).
p‐value less than .05 was considered significant. Independent‐samples t‐test for continuous and chi‐squared test for categorical variables was done.
All p values and p trends are bolded.