TABLE 4.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for lipid profile, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and BMI across quartiles of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI scores
| Variables | PDI | hPDI | uPDI | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p trend | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p trend | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p trend | |
| BMI (k/m2) | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) | .69 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.35) | 1.18 (0.96, 1.44) | .05 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.90, 1.33) | 0.92 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.07) | .10 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.77, 1.16) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.18) | 0.84 (0.69, 1.03) | .14 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.77, 1.13) | 1.14 (0.94, 1.38) | 1.18 (0.95, 1.45) | .04 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.83, 1.24) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.06) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.10) | .16 |
| SBP (mmHg) | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.77, 1.21) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.18) | 1.08 (0.87, 1.34) | .57 | 1.00 | 1.20 (0.98, 1.48) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.12) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.13) | .13 | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.91, 1.40) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.17) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) | .74 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.75, 1.19) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.20) | 1.08 (0.87, 1.35) | .21 | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.94, 1.43) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.06) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) | .07 | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.93, 1.44) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.16) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.25) | .62 |
| DBP (mmHg) | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.68, 1.20) | 0.92 (0.70, 1.20) | 1.15 (0.88, 1.50) | .36 | 1.00 | 1.28 (0.99, 1.65) | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 0.87 (0.65, 1.17) | .23 | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.88, 1.50) | 0.90 (0.68, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.35) | .75 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) | 0.96 (0.73, 1.26) | 1.20 (0.92, 1.57) | .20 | 1.00 | 1.29 (1.00, 1.67) | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 0.87 (0.65, 1.17) | .27 | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.90, 1.55) | 0.92 (0.69, 1.21) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.35) | .76 |
| FBS(mg/dl) | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.60, 0.91) | 0.56 (0.45, 0.69) | 0.43 (0.34, 0.55) | <.001 | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.57, 0.87) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.42) | 1.06 (0.85, 1.33) | .09 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.72, 1.13) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.38) | 1.23 (1.00, 1.53) | .01 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.57, 0.87) | 0.53 (0.43, 0.66) | 0.42 (0.33, 0.53) | <.001 | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.55, 0.86) | 1.13 (0.92, 1.38) | 1.05 (0.84, 1.31) | .12 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.70, 1.10) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.35) | 1.25 (1.01, 1.55) | .01 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.83, 1.22) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.22) | .91 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.75, 1.09) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.40) | .07 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | 1.06 (0.88, 1.29) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) | .49 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.13) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.22) | .87 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.75, 1.09) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.31) | 1.16 (0.95, 1.41) | .06 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.17) | 1.06 (0.88, 1.29) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.10) | .55 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.95, 1.40) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 1.06 (0.88, 1.29) | .74 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.72, 1.05) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.06) | 0.80 (0.65, 0.98) | .03 | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.96, 1.41) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.34) | 1.23 (1.01, 1.49) | .06 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.88, 1.31) | 0.78 (0.65, 0.95) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) | .18 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.70, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.04) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.96) | .02 | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.93, 1.38) | 1.06 (0.88, 1.29) | 1.24 (1.02, 1.50) | .05 |
| LDLc (mg/dl) | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.92, 1.40) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.20) | 1.05 (0.85, 1.29) | .84 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.11) | .22 | 1.00 | 1.31 (1.06, 161) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.42) | 1.39 (1.13, 1.71) | .009 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.05) | 0.97 (0.79, 1.20) | .37 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.14) | 0.88 (0.72, 1.07) | 0.88 (0.71, 1.10) | .19 | 1.00 | 1.28 (1.04, 1.59) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.38) | 1.40 (1.13, 1.72) | .009 |
| HDLc (mg/dl) | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | 0.87 (0.72, 1.06) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.10) | .32 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.78, 1.16) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.29) | 1.09 (0.88, 1.34) | .29 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.70, 1.06) | 0.89 (0.73, 1.10) | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) | .32 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.81, 1.25) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | 1.13 (0.91, 1.40) | .22 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.85, 1.29) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) | 1.15 (0.92, 1.43) | .13 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.73, 1.12) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.22) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.08) | .34 |
| TG/HDL ratio | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.70, 1.17) | 0.71 (0.71, 1.16) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) | .72 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.60, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.79, 1.29) | 1.14 (0.88, 1.47) | .18 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.77, 1.28) | 1.07 (0.83, 1.38) | 0.94 (0.73, 1.22) | .85 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.30) | 1.08 (0.83, 1.40) | .57 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.64, 1.07) | 1.06 (0.83, 1.35) | 1.18 (0.91, 1.54) | .13 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.77, 1.29) | 1.13 (0.88, 1.46) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.21) | .90 |
| Cholesterol/HDL ratio | |||||||||||||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.77, 1.25) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.12) | 0.80 (0.63, 1.01) | .05 | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.60, 0.94) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.13) | 0.78 (0.61, 1.00) | .14 | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.91, 1.44) | 1.06 (0.84) | 1.29 (1.02, 1.63) | .06 |
| Adjusted | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.87, 1.43) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.28) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) | .33 | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.63, 0.99) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) | 0.74 (0.57, 0.95) | .05 | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.94, 1.49) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.41) | 1.26 (0.99, 1.59) | .08 |
Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; hPDI, healthy plant‐based diet index; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; PDI, plant‐based diet index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; uPDI, unhealthy plant‐based diet index.
Values are odd ratio and 95% CI, Adjusted for age, sex, total energy, physical activity, and smoking. Obtained by logistic regression.
All p values and p trends are bolded.