Table 2.

List of genes associated with POI (initiated via mitochondrial dysfunction) and their MOA.

Gene	Gene Type	Mechanism of Action (MOA)	References
RMND1	Nuclear gene	Supports translation of the mitochondrial DNA-encoded peptides.	[219]
MT-CO1	Mitochondrial gene	Mutations in MT-CO1 gene cause low COX activity, which is responsible for reduced ATP production. Additionally, the low level of ATP can give rise to follicular depletion via over-activating mTOR.	[220]
MRPS22	Nuclear gene	It is important in encoding the small subunit (28S) of mitochondrial ribosome and ovarian development.	[221]
CLPB	Nuclear gene	It encodes a mitochondrial disaggregase, which functions as a protein folding regulator and prevents oocyte damage.	[222]
TFAM	Nuclear gene	It gives rise to a component of replisome machinery of mitochondria. Additionally, the TFAM protein is associated with mtDNA replication and expression.	[223]