Table 2.
Flavonoids loading in nanoparticles for IBD treatment.
| Flavonoid | Nanometerial | Model | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quercetin | Silk fibroin | DSS mice | Reduced disease activity index, histological damage and proinflammatory cytokines. | [154] |
| Chitosan | DSS rats | Reduced disease activity index, fecal calprotectin marker and proinflammatory cytokines, upregulated genes expressing tight junction proteins, prevented mucosal damage. | [155] | |
| Conjugated glycol chitosan prodrug micelles |
DSS mice | Better therapeutic efficacy than free quercetin. | [156] | |
| Apigenin | Sodium hyaluronate | DSS mice | More powerful anti-colitis effect, higher solubility and bioavailability compared with free apigenin. | [157] |
| EGCG | Chitosan | Excised mouse jejunum |
Enhanced intestinal absorption of EGCG. | [158] |
| Chitosan | Mice | Improved plasma exposure of EGCG by enhancing the intestinal stability. | [159] | |
| Ovalbumin-dextran | Caco-2 cells | More stable and higher absorbance than free EGCG. | [160] | |
| Silk fibroin, surface functionalization of antimicrobial peptides, hydrogel (chitosan/alginate) |
DSS mice | Repaired epithelial barrier, downregulated proinflammatory factors, upregulated anti-inflammatory factors, regulated gut microbiota. | [161] | |
| Naringenin | PVP | SD rats | Increased bioavailability. | [162] |
| Mixed micelle of Pluronic F127 and Tween 80 | SD rats | Increased bioavailability, solubility and intestinal permeability. | [163] |