Table 4.
Results of Subgroup Analyses in TLMA 1.
| k | #ES | g | 95% CI | p | p of Moderator | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of sample | 0.92 | |||||
| Psychiatric | 15 | 39 | −0.13 | [−0.27, 0.01] | 0.07 | |
| Stressed and at-risk | 14 | 25 | −0.03 | [−0.24, 0.19] | 0.80 | |
| Healthy | 13 | 27 | −0.04 | [−0.26, 0.17] | 0.70 | |
| Type of MBI | 0.20 | |||||
| MBSR, MBCT, MBRP | 15 | 31 | −0.17 | [−0.31, −0.03] | 0.015 | |
| Adapted MBSR | 26 | 56 | 0.02 | [−0.16, 0.20] | 0.82 | |
| ACT | 1 | 4 | 0.39 | [−0.04, 0.82] | 0.08 | |
| Duration of MBI | 0.35 | |||||
| 8 weeks | 26 | 52 | −0.12 | [−0.22, −0.01] | 0.031 | |
| <8 weeks | 13 | 30 | −0.11 | [−0.29, 0.08] | 0.24 | |
| >8 weeks | 3 | 9 | 0.10 | [−0.22, 0.43] | 0.53 | |
| Biomarker | 0.18 | |||||
| Stress-related | 27 | 48 | −0.20 | [−0.31, −0.09] | <0.001 | |
| Inflammation-related | 19 | 36 | 0.13 | [−0.01, 0.28] | 0.07 | |
| Indirect | 5 | 7 | 0.03 | [−0.22, 0.28] | 0.81 | |
| Risk of bias | 0.18 | |||||
| Low risk | 6 | 15 | 0.03 | [−0.17, 0.24] | 0.76 | |
| Some concerns | 27 | 69 | −0.21 | [−0.44, 0.01] | 0.07 | |
| High risk | 2 | 7 | −0.15 | [−0.55, 0.24] | 0.44 |
Note. k = number of studies; #ES = number of effect sizes; g = Hedges g; CI = confidence interval; stress related = AA, ACTH, cortisol, DHEA-S; inflammation related = CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IP-10, NF-κB, TNF-α; indirect = BDNF, EGF, LTL, NP-Y, SLC6A4 DN. The first subgroup in each moderator served as a baseline; entries for the respective other subgroups relate to deviations to this baseline.