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. 2023 Feb 27;16(2):dmm049874. doi: 10.1242/dmm.049874

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© 2023. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 2. — Summary of strategies to modulate DSB repair to increase precise genome editing (PGE) efficiency. (A) The upper track represents the desired route towards PGE, subdivided into HDR and SSTR. The lower route represents error-prone NHEJ. Several components of each pathway have been targeted for genetic or chemical inhibition and for upregulation, for example, via overexpression. These interventions skew endogenous DNA repair towards faithful mechanisms that allow PGE. (B) Modulating the cell cycle by arresting the cells in the G2/M phases can also increase PGE, as HDR and SSTR occur exclusively in those phases. HDR, homology-directed repair; HR, homologous recombination; MRN, MRE11, Rad50 and NSB1; NHEJ, non-homologous end joining; siRNA, small interfering RNA; ssODN, single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide; SSTR, single-stranded template repair.