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Schematic illustration of the importance of the chromatin structure in epigenome editing. During cell differentiation, the cell nucleus (light green) forms a heterochromatin (red) [137,138,141]. If the target gene is located within the heterochromatic region, it is inaccessible for expression (right panel). Dead Cas9 (dCas9)-four tandem repeats of the transcriptional activator VP16 (VP64) (dCas9-VP64) is shown as an example of an epigenomic-modifying enzyme.
