Table 1.
Mitochondrial gene variants and their association with racial disparity in prostate cancer AA—African American, EA—European American, CA—Caucasian American.
| S.N. | Gene/Variant | Function | Type of Cancer | Racial Disparity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ERR1 and PGC1α | Mitochondrial biogenesis | Pan cancer | Strong enrichment of ERR1-PGC1α transcriptional program in AA tumors than EA | [126] |
| 2 | Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) | Oxidative phosphorylation, Mitochondrial supercomplex assembly | Prostate cancer | COI missense mutations more common in African American compare to others | [32,137] |
| 3 | POLG | Mitochondrial DNA replication | Prostate Cancer | CAG repeats variants in POLG associated with increased risk of breast cancer in African American Women | [138] |
| 4 | ND3 (G10398A) |
Alters the structure of Complex I | Prostate cancer and Breast Cancer | Increased risk of breast cancer in African American women with G10398A allele | [139,140] |
| 5 | Haplogroup U (A11467G, A12308G, G12372A) |
----- | Prostate Cancer | Mitochondrial haplogroup U is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in white North American individuals | [141] |
| 6 | HSP60 and HSP90 | Act as chaperones and support cancer cell survival | Prostate cancer | Compare to CA cells, lower expression of HSP60 and HSP90 in AA cells is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, and chemoresistance | [142] |