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. 2023 Feb 25;24(5):4537. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054537

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of the main EDC modes of action in relation to diabetes occurrence in adipocytes, hepatocytes or pancreatic beta cells. The figure summarizes the biological action in adipocytes, hepatocytes, or pancreatic beta cells. (AKT: Protein Kinase B; GPER: G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor; IRS: Insulin Receptor; ER: Estrogen Receptor; GLUT: Glucose Transporter; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase; PPAR: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; RXR: Retinoic X Receptor; SIRT3: Sirtuin 3).