13cisRA	13-cis-retinoic acid
5-FU	5-fluorouracil
ABC	ATP-binding cassette
ABCG2	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2
AKT	serine/threonine kinase
ALDH	aldehyde dehydrogenase
AML	acute myeloid leukaemia
atRA	all-trans-retinoic acid
atROL	all-trans-retinol
Bax	Bcl-2-associated X protein
Bcl	B-cell lymphoma 2
BCRP	breast cancer resistance protein
BMI1	polycomb complex protein BMI-1
CFS	cell-free supernatant
CLDN-1	claudin-1
CMI	clomipramine
CQ	chloroquine
CSC	cancer stem cells
CYP26	cytochrome P450 26A1
DDR	DNA damage response
DIO	diet-induced obese
DOC or DCA	deoxycholic acid
DOX	doxorubicin
DSB	double-strand breaks
EA	ellagic acid
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT	epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FMT	faecal microbiota transplantation
FXR	farnesoid X receptor
GIST	gastrointestinal stromal tumour
GLUT1	glucose transporter 1
gp130	glycoprotein 130
GPR109a	G protein-coupled receptor 109a
HDAC	histone deacetylase
SHH	sonic hedgehog
HIF	hypoxia-inducible factor
ICD	immunogenic cell death
IDO1	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
IDO2	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
IPA	indolepropionic acid
JAK	Janus kinase
LCA	lithocholic acid
LDC	lysine decarboxylase
Lgr5	leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5
M3R	muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
MDR	multidrug resistance
MET	mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition
MFB	metformin-butyrate
miRNA	micro-RNA
MRN	MRE11–RAD50–NBS1 protein complex
NLRC5	NLR family CARD Domain Containing 5
NOD/SCID	non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient
Notch1	neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1
OCT3	octamer-binding transcription factor 3
OCT4	octamer-binding transcription factor 4
PKC	protein kinase C
RA	retinoic acid
SCFA	short-chain fatty acid
SOX2	(sex determining region Y)-box 2
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TDO	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
T-βMCA	tauro-β-muricholic acid
Uro	urolithin
VEGF	vascular-endothelial growth factor
VM	vasculogenic mimicry
Wnt	Wingless/Integrated