Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| eGFR Categories, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 5610) |
>90 (N = 1986) |
61–90 (N = 2662) |
31–60 (N = 753) |
16–30 (N = 96) |
≤15 or Dialysis (N = 113) |
p-Value |
| Demographic | |||||||
| Age, years | 61.6 (10.6) | 56.2 (9.4) | 63.6 (10.0) | 67.4 (9.6) | 68.6 (9.6) | 63.7 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 1534 (27.3) | 546 (27.5) | 699 (26.3) | 230 (30.5) | 33 (34.4) | 26 (23.0) | 0.063 |
| Height, cm | 162.9 (15.5) | 163.4 (16.4) | 163.0 (13.9) | 161.3 (16.9) | 160.7 (18.5) | 160.7 (22.8) | 0.007 |
| Weight, kg | 65.7 (11.8) | 66.9 (12.0) | 65.4 (11.1) | 64.1 (12.4) | 62.6 (14.5) | 64.6 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.32 (3.37) | 24.56 (3.39) | 24.26 (3.24) | 24.00 (3.29) | 23.75 (5.43) | 24.04 (3.80) | <0.001 |
| Medical history | |||||||
| CAD, n (%) | 4254 (75.90) | 1433 (72.23) | 2029 (76.28) | 611 (81.25) | 81 (84.38) | 100 (88.50) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 3171 (56.6) | 938 (47.3) | 1508 (56.7) | 547 (72.7) | 78 (81.3) | 100 (88.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1977 (35.2) | 600 (30.2) | 890 (33.4) | 367 (48.7) | 49 (51.0) | 71 (62.8) | <0.001 |
| Atrial Fibrillation, n (%) | 447 (8.0) | 98 (4.9) | 229 (8.6) | 99 (13.2) | 14 (14.6) | 7 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| CHF, n (%) | 767 (13.7) | 170 (8.6) | 321 (12.1) | 202 (26.9) | 25 (26.0) | 49 (43.4) | <0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 388 (6.9) | 91 (4.6) | 195 (7.3) | 78 (10.4) | 11 (11.5) | 13 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| Procedure | |||||||
| PCI, n (%) | 3227 (57.5) | 1069 (53.8) | 1535 (57.7) | 475 (63.1) | 64 (66.7) | 84 (74.3) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory test | |||||||
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.9 (0.9) | 2.9 (0.9) | 2.9 (0.9) | 2.9 (0.9) | 3.0 (1.2) | 2.6 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Echo parameters | |||||||
| LVEF, % | 58.1 (12.8) | 60.1 (11.4) | 58.1 (13.0) | 54.4 (14.4) | 52.6 (12.5) | 52.6 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, mm | 48.7 (8.0) | 47.9 (7.1) | 48.7 (8.1) | 50.2 (8.9) | 50.7 (8.6) | 52.7 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| LVESD, mm | 32.9 (9.6) | 31.6 (8.5) | 32.9 (9.9) | 35.2 (10.8) | 35.9 (9.7) | 37.6 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| LVRWT, mm | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.484 |
| LVPWT, mm | 9.9 (2.1) | 9.8 (1.6) | 9.9 (2.4) | 10.1 (1.7) | 10.4 (1.8) | 11.2 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| IVS, mm | 10.4 (1.9) | 10.2 (1.9) | 10.3 (1.9) | 10.7 (2.0) | 11.1 (1.9) | 11.8 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| E/A | 1.0 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.9 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| E/e’ | 14.0 (7.2) | 12.6 (5.9) | 13.9 (6.5) | 16.8 (9.5) | 17.2 (7.8) | 21.2 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular geometry | <0.001 | ||||||
| Normal, n (%) | 3153 (56.2) | 1265 (63.7) | 1526 (57.3) | 311 (41.3) | 25 (26.0) | 26 (23.0) | |
| Concentric remodeling, n (%) | 413 (7.4) | 143 (7.2) | 209 (7.9) | 51 (6.8) | 7 (7.3) | 3 (2.7) | |
| Concentric hypertrophy, n (%) | 1728 (30.8) | 474 (23.9) | 796 (29.9) | 327 (43.4) | 55 (57.3) | 76 (67.3) | |
| Eccentric hypertrophy, n (%) | 316 (5.6) | 104 (5.2) | 131 (4.9) | 64 (8.5) | 9 (9.4) | 8 (7.1) | |
| Medication | |||||||
| β-blockers, n (%) | 4275 (77.4) | 1457 (75.2) | 2064 (78.4) | 598 (80.0) | 66 (70.2) | 90 (80.4) | 0.013 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 3239 (58.62) | 1086 (56.07) | 1591 (60.40) | 486 (64.97) | 34 (36.17) | 42 (37.50) | <0.001 |
| CCB, n (%) | 1221 (22.1) | 377 (19.5) | 569 (21.6) | 188 (25.1) | 39 (41.5) | 48 (42.9) | <0.001 |
| Statins, n (%) | 4194 (75.9) | 1433 (74.0) | 2015 (76.5) | 589 (78.7) | 68 (72.3) | 89 (79.5) | 0.057 |
Abbreviation: ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery diseases; CCB, calcium channel blockers; CHF, congestive heart failure; E, early mitral inflow peak velocity; eʹ, early mitral annulus Doppler tissue imaging velocity; E/A, peak velocity flow in early to late diastole; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IVS, interventricular septal wall thickness; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVPWT, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVRWT, left ventricular relative wall thickness; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. Association between eGFR and echocardiographic parameters.