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. 2023 Feb 3;15(3):782. doi: 10.3390/polym15030782

Table 4.

Coating materials for liposomes with applications in the food industry.

Coating Material Type of Encapsulated Food-Grade Active Compounds The Advantage of the Coating Material Used Bibliography
Saccharides and their derivatives
Chitosan Fish-derived peptide/glutathione/caffeic acid/flavonoids/quercetin/sour cherry extract/Morus nigra waste extract/caffeine
  • -

    Enhanced the thermal stability and maintained the antioxidant activity of the peptide fractions

  • -

    Protected the synergistic antioxidant effect of the active compounds

  • -

    Improved stability and the antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities with reduced syneresis were protected

  • -

    Improved bio-accessibility and sustained the release of active compounds in the digestive system

 [126,127,128,129,130]
Sodium alginate Vitamin C
  • -

    Increased the microbiological stability of liposomes

  • -

    Enhanced the controlled release property

 [83]
Calcium alginate Enzymes
  • -

    Improved the functional properties of the liposome carriers due to increased surface area

 [155]
Pectin Echinacosides and verbascoside
  • -

    Provided an improved release in vitro digestion

 [156]
Inulin Without active compound
  • -

    Showed improved thermal, physical, and oxidative stability of liposomes

 [157]
Lactose Quercetin
  • -

    Improved conservation and release of antioxidants

 [154]
Proteins
Whey protein Astaxanthin
  • -

    Improved thermal and light stability of liposomes

  • -

    Improved the bio-accessibility of the active compounds and the stability under gastric conditions

 [68,69]
Combinations between groups of materials
Chitosan–sodium alginate Polyelectrolyte
  • -

    Improved physical and in vitro digestion stability of the liposomes

 [83]
Chitosan–pectin Hibiscus extract
  • -

    Improved physical and in vitro digestion stability of the liposomes

 [158]
Chitosan–zein Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent) extract/quercetagetin
  • -

    Prolonged antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the encapsulated compound

  • -

    Improved light, thermal, and storage stability of liposomes

  • -

    Enhanced the controlled release of active compounds in digestion

 [113,159]
Pectin–whey protein Antimicrobial peptides
  • -

    Protected the liposomes against gastrointestinal digestion

 [90]
Others
Poly (L-lysine) Bacteriophage/bioactive peptides
  • -

    Improved chemical and thermal stability of liposomes

  • -

    Improved antimicrobial properties of the active compound

 [160]