Fig 11. NDV and IAV screening PCR test in the commercial farms (n = 40)–a multiplex PCR test, NDV was detected with 300 bp and IAV with 152 bp amplicons.

Each district had three letter code and included four farms (numbered 1 to 4). Each sample represents pooled samples from a single farm. The gel was run with ladder in the first well; and negative and positive controls in the last wells (from left to right). (KTM = Kathmandu, LLT = Lalitpur, CHT = Chitwan, NWLP = Nawalparasi, DNG = Dang, KLI = Kailali, MRG = Morang, and SNS = Sunsari Districts).