Table 6. Biosecurity practices in backyard farms(n = 36) of Nepal along with antibody ELISA results for NDV and IAV.
ELISA results provide an insight into any possible correlations between biosecurity measures and presence of diseases.
| Districts | Chicken Breed | Biosecurity Measures | Antibody ELISA | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (4 farms per district) | Broilers | Breeds | At least one Disinfectant Used | At least one PPE Used | Vaccines Used | ELISA_NDV | ELISA_IAV | |||||||||
| Cobb 500 | Giriraj | Kadaknath | Kuroiler | Sakhini | Pwakh Ulte | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |
| Bhaktapur | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| Chitwan | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Dang | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| Jhapa* | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Kailali | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Kathmandu | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Lalitpur | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Morang | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Nawalparasi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| Sunsari | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Percentage | 7.5 | 27.5 | 7.5 | 22.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 32.5 | 57.5 | 15 | 75 | 2.5 | 87.5 | 17.5 | 72.5 | 7.5 | 82.5 |
*Farms in Jhapa did not consent to sampling and are thus listed as NA. Total farms questioned are n = 36.