Figure 3.
Protective effects of five K. parviflora extracts against Aβ42-induced neuronal cell death in both NE-4C monoculture and co-culture between NE-4C and BV-2 cells determined using an XTT assay. (A) BV-2 monoculture, (B) BV-2 co-culture, (C) undifferentiated, NE-4C monoculture, (D) undifferentiated NE-4C co-culture, (E) differentiated NE-4C monoculture, and (F) differentiated NE-4C co-culture. Values are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The ### indicates a significant difference between the control and cells exposed to Aβ42 peptides without KP extract at p < 0.001 using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. The * indicates a significant difference between cells exposed to Aβ42 peptides without KP extract compared to cells exposed to Aβ42 peptides and various concentrations of KP extract (0.5–8 µg/mL) using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001.