Figure 4.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of five K. parviflora fractions on Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity in monoculture of BV-2 cells. (A) IL-6 levels, (B) nitric oxide (NO) production, and (C) DCF fluorescence. Values are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The # shows a significant difference between the control and cells exposed to Aβ42 peptides without KP extract using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. #, p < 0.05, ##, p < 0.01, ###, p < 0.001. The * shows a significant difference between cells exposed to Aβ42 peptides without KP extract compared to cells exposed to Aβ42 peptides and various concentrations of KP extract (0.5–8 µg/mL) using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001.