Figure 5.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of five K. parviflora fractions on Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity in co-culture between differentiated NE-4C and BV-2 cells. (A) IL-6 mRNA levels of BV-2 cells, (B) iNOS mRNA levels of BV-2 cells, (C) DCF fluorescence of BV-2 cells, (D) ATP levels of differentiated NE-4C, (E) cell viability of differentiated NE-4C, (F) DCF fluorescence of differentiated NE-4C, (G) IL-6 levels in culture media, and (H) NO production in the culture media. Values are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The ### shows significant difference between the control and cells exposed to Aβ42 peptides without KP extract at p < 0.001 using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. The * shows significant difference between cells exposed to Aβ42 peptides without KP extract compared to cells exposed to Aβ42 peptides and various concentrations of KP extract (1–8 µg/mL) using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001.