. 2023 Feb 27;28(5):2200. doi: 10.3390/molecules28052200

Table 1.

Parameters of productive performance (Average daily weight gain (gram), average daily feed intake (gram), and feed conversion ratio (feed intake/weight gain)) recorded in broiler chickens under the following experimental conditions: CEO (chickens receiving clove essential oil at 100 mg/kg in feed from day 1–42 and challenged with coccidiosis at 14 days of age); Nano-CEO (chickens receiving nanoemulsion of clove essential oil at 100 mg/kg in feed from day 1–42 and challenged with coccidiosis at 14 days of age); EUG (chickens receiving eugenol at 100 mg/kg in feed from day 1–42 and challenged with coccidiosis at 14 days of age); Nano-EUG (chickens receiving nanoemulsion of eugenol at 100 mg/kg in feed from day 1–42 and challenged with coccidiosis at 14 days of age); ST (chickens receiving the standard treatment with diclazuril at 1 mg/kg in feed from day 1–42 and challenged with coccidiosis at 14 days of age); d-CON (chickens serving as diseased controls, i.e., receiving basal diet without any supplementation from day 1–42 and challenged with coccidiosis at 14 days of age); and h-CON (chickens serving as healthy controls, i.e., receiving basal diet without any supplementation from day 1–42 and not challenged with coccidiosis). Data are presented as means ± SEM; in each column, means that do not share a common letter (a–e) differ significantly.

	Treatments	Time Period Pre-Challenge		Time Period Post-Challenge
	Treatments	D1–D7	D8–D14	D15–D21	D22–D28	D29–D35	D36–D42
Average Daily Weight Gain	CEO	17.20 ± 0.32^a	29.66 ± 0.89 ^a	42.56 ± 0.74 ^a	67.79 ± 1.09 ^ab	77.58 ± 0.84 ^ab	95.90 ± 0.80 ^a
	Nano-CEO	18.26 ± 0.21^b	32.70 ± 0.40 ^b	48.86 ± 0.77 ^b	68.06 ± 1.00 ^ab	80.72 ± 0.89 ^b	96.32 ± 0.82 ^a
	EUG	18.26 ± 0.32 ^ab	29.18 ± 0.79 ^a	47.02 ± 0.92^b	70.26 ± 0.91^b	81.16 ± 0.71 ^b	97.28 ± 0.60 ^ab
	Nano-EUG	18.81 ± 0.22 ^ab	33.56 ± 0.31 ^b	54 ± 0.43 ^c	74.39 ± 0.71 ^bc	88.30 ± 0.68 ^c	99.81 ± 0.69 ^b
	ST	19.02 ± 0.30 ^b	32.30 ± 0.29 ^b	52.89 ± 0.38 ^c	73.28 ± 0.52 ^b	85.91 ± 0.48 ^c	100.08 ± 0.43 ^b
	d-CON	18.24 ± 0.25 ^ab	32.90 ± 0.47 ^b	47.97 ± 0.77 ^b	65.68 ± 0.91 ^a	76.37 ± 1.04 ^a	92.90 ± 1.14 ^a
	h-CON	18.84 ± 0.26 ^b	33.16 ± 0.39 ^b	54.96 ± 0.36 ^c	77.60 ± 0.80 ^c	89.44 ± 0.76 ^c	105.36 ± 0.64 ^c

Average Daily Feed Intake	CEO	25.89 ± 0.49 ^a	49.58 ± 0.44 ^a	83.38 ± 0.74 ^a	132.03 ± 1.08 ^a	167.40 ± 1.38 ^ab	215.97 ± 1.04 ^a
	Nano-CEO	25.86 ± 0.36 ^a	49.97 ± 0.42 ^a	82.00 ± 0.96 ^ab	127.42 ± 0.65 ^b	163.88 ± 1.23 ^b	213.13 ± 1.03 ^a
	EUG	25.46 ± 0.38 ^a	49.72 ± 0.50 ^a	81.44 ± 0.58 ^ab	127.86 ± 0.79 ^b	162.13 ± 1.19 ^b	212.11 ± 0.74 ^a
	Nano-EUG	25.66 ± 0.24 ^a	49.14 ± 0.57 ^a	75.89 ± 0.55 ^d	118.68 ± 0.60 ^cd	156.08 ± 0.69 ^c	206.67 ± 0.72 ^b
	ST	25.24 ± 0.31 ^a	48.95 ± 0.43 ^a	79.74 ± 0.75 ^bc	121.22 ± 0.52 ^c	157.71 ± 1.16 ^c	207.59 ± 0.97 ^b
	d-CON	25.67 ± 0.23 ^a	48.39 ± 0.57 ^a	87.75 ± 0.93 ^e	133.26 ± 1.4 ^a	169.23 ± 1.51 ^a	221.02 ± 1.18 ^c
	h-CON	25.97 ± 0.31 ^a	49.45 ± 0.57 ^a	77.18 ± 0.70 ^cd	115.74 ± 1.15 ^d	153.68 ± 0.98 ^c	204.93 ± 0.86 ^b

Feed Conversion Ratio	CEO	1.51 ± 0.03 ^a	1.69 ± 0.06 ^a	1.96 ± 0.03 ^a	1.95 ± 0.03 ^a	2.16 ± 0.02 ^a	2.25 ± 0.02 ^a
	Nano-CEO	1.41 ± 0.02 ^ab	1.53 ± 0.02 ^b	1.68 ± 0.02 ^b	1.87 ± 0.02 ^ab	2.03 ± 0.02 ^bc	2.21 ± 0.01 ^a
	EUG	1.40 ± 0.03 ^ab	1.72 ± 0.05 ^a	1.74 ± 0.03 ^cb	1.82 ± 0.03 ^b	1.99 ± 0.02 ^c	2.18 ± 0.01 ^a
	Nano-EUG	1.36 ± 0.02 ^b	1.46 ± 0.02 ^cb	1.40 ± 0.01 ^d	1.59 ± 0.01 ^cd	1.76 ± 0.01 ^de	2.07 ± 0.01 ^b
	ST	1.33 ± 0.02 ^b	1.51 ± 0.01 ^b	1.50 ± 0.02 ^d	1.65 ± 0.01 ^c	1.83 ± 0.01 ^e	2.07 ± 0.01 ^b
	d-CON	1.40 ± 0.01 ^a	1.47 ± 0.02 ^cb	1.83 ± 0.04 ^c	2.03 ± 0.03 ^a	2.22 ± 0.03 ^ab	2.38 ± 0.03 ^c
	h-CON	1.38 ± 0.02 ^b	1.49 ± 0.02 ^cb	1.40 ± 0.01 ^d	1.49 ± 0.01 ^d	1.72 ± 0.01 ^d	1.94 ± 0.01 ^d