Table 1.

Overview of selected pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food components according to the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) [39] and food groups according to the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index (EDII) [57].

Pro-Inflammatory		Anti-Inflammatory
Food Components	Food Groups	Food Components	Food Groups
Saturated fatty acids	Refined grains	Flavonoids	Coffee
Trans fatty acids	Carbonated Beverages	Fibre	Wine
Cholesterol	Meat, especially red or processed	Poly-unsaturated fatty acids	Beer
Vitamin B12	Organ meat	Omega-3 fatty acids	Fruit juice
Iron		Omega-6 fatty acids	Tea
		Turmeric, garlic, ginger	Leafy green vegetables
		Vitamin A, D and E, β-Carotene	Dark yellow vegetables
		Vitamin C, B6, niacin
		Magnesium, zinc