Figure 1.

In vitro drug release profiles of free drug R-carvedilol dissolved in PEG 400 and three R-carvedilol-loaded transfersomes (T-RCARs). Formulations containing 100 μg of R-carvedilol (concentration 40 ug/mL in 2.5 mL PBS) were loaded in the Pur-A-Lyzer Maxi Dialysis tube, which was immersed in 100 mL of PBS (pH 7.4) as the release medium. Three independent samples were set up for each formulation. At various time points, 1 mL of samples were withdrawn from the medium and replaced with 1 mL of fresh PBS. The samples were analyzed via HPLC. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *: p < 0.05 based on ordinary one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.