Figure 3.

Meta-analysis of the association between food insecurity and anemia (A), low ferritin (B), vitamin D deficiency (C), and vitamin A (D) in adult individuals. The greater chance of anemia among individuals in a situation of food insecurity at any level of involvement. Thus, the chances of having anemia were 1.43 (1.34–1.73) higher among the insecure individuals. Individuals with food insecurity were 1.68 (1.13–2.52) times more likely to have low ferritin. For vitamins D and A, no statistical significance was observed [19,21,22,23,26,28,29,33,35,36].