Table 1.
Description of the included studies: author, year, country, sample, and objectives.
| Author/Year | Country | Sample (Number, Sex, and Age) |
Main Objective |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dixon et al. (2001) [19] | USA | 6475, Males and females, 20–59 years | To examine whether dietary intake and serum nutrients differed between adults from food insufficient households (FIH) and adults from food sufficient households (FSH) |
| Egeland et al. (2011) [20] | Canada | 2595, Males and females, ≥18 years | To assess biomarkers of nutritional status and nutrient intake from traditional foods (TF) and food security status among the Inuit in Canada |
| Gowda, Hadley, Aiello (2012) [21] | USA | 12,191, Males and females, ≥18 years | To investigate whether food insecurity is associated with nutritional levels, inflammatory response, and altered immune function |
| Jamieson et al. (2012) [22] | Canada | 994, Males, 18–39 years | To determine the prevalence of anemia, storage iron depletion, and iron overload, in addition to identifying correlates of iron status in Canadian Inuit males |
| Fischer et al. (2014) [23] | Mexico | 11,205, Females, 21–49 years | To determine the association of household food insecurity with anemia in a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of Mexican females within reproductive age (12–49 years) |
| McDonald et al. (2015) [34] | Cambodia | Females, Mean age 29.6 ± 6.5 years | To assess household food insecurity and food diversity as correlates of maternal and child anthropometric status and anemia in rural Cambodia |
| Sekhar et al. (2016) [24] | USA | 3617, Females, 22–49 years | To examine risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in a nationally representative sample of younger (12–21 years) and older (22–49 years) adult females. |
| Ghose et al. (2016) [29] | Bangladesh | 5666, Females, 13–40 years | To investigate whether there is any association between household food insecurity and anemia among females within reproductive age in Bangladesh |
| Weigel et al. (2016) [25] | Ecuador | 794, Females, <30 years (n = 344); 30–44 years (n = 327); ≥45 years (n = 123) | To investigate the association of household food insecurity with the nutritional status of adult females living in families with children in low-income neighborhoods in Quito, Ecuador |
| Parker et al. (2017) [35] | South Africa | 1205, Females, 16–35 years | To determine the current vitamin A status of a nationally representative sample of females, comparing them with previous national data and determining the impact of sociodemographic aspects, diet, and body size on vitamin A status |
| Soofi et al. (2017) [30] | Pakistan | 11,751, Females, 15–49 years | To determine the prevalence and possible factors associated with anemia, vitamin B12, and folate deficiencies in females within reproductive age |
| Jones et al. (2017) [26] | Mexico | 10,760, Females, 20–49 years | To determine the association between household food insecurity and the co-occurrence of becoming overweight and having anemia among females within reproductive age in the Mexican population |
| Habib et al. (2018) [31] | Pakistan | 7491, Females, 15–49 years | To investigate iron deficiency anemia in Pakistani females |
| Mastiholi et al. (2018) [32] | India | 770, Females, 15–39 years | To assess food insecurity and the nutritional status of preconception females in a rural population in northern Karnataka |
| Murillo-Castillo et al. (2018) [27] | Mexico | 116, Females, Mean age 36.4 ± 8.9 years | To determine whether food insecurity is associated with dietary and biochemical measures in mothers from northwestern Mexico, who depend mostly on fishing for their subsistence |
| Kazemi et al. (2020) [33] | Iran | 266, Females, The mean age was 40.93 ± 11.1 years | To investigate the association between household food insecurity and anemia, iron deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency among females within reproductive age in East Azerbaijan, Iran |
| Pobee et al. (2020) [36] | Ghana | 95, Females, 18–35 years | To examine the association between food insecurity and micronutrient status among Ghanaian females who are planning to become pregnant |
| Lopes et al. (2022) * [28] | Brazil | 198, Males and females, 20–59 years | To determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in adults and elderly residents of the rural area of a city in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais of Brazil |
Fe = iron; Hb = hemoglobin; TF = traditional foods, * Data provided by the authors when decoupling the adult group from the total population.