Table 4.

Levels of selected cytokines involved in the cytokine storm of COVID-19 at baseline in the entire study population with vitamin D deficiency (n = 75).

Parameter	Mean (SD)	Range *
IL-1β	3.24 (1.16)	0.17–24
TNF-α	32.38 (5.95)	0.93–26.8
IL-6	5.08 (5.16)	0.16–37.7
IL-10	2.09 (0.56)	0.01–19.8
(TNF-α/IL10)	1792.95 (1069.38)
(IL-1β/IL10)	173.84 (97.53)
(IL6/IL10)	243.21 (235.10)

Abbreviations: IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-10, interleukin 10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis-alpha; SD, standard deviation. Note: * values are expressed as pg/mL—serum levels of cytokines for healthy people (age < 45 years) (23).