Species/Family	Habit	Parts	Diseases Treated	References
Acanthaceae
Acanthus eminens C.B.Clarke	Shrub	Leaf, whole plant, roots	Chest/joint pains, fever, abdominal cramps/pains, spleen/liver problems, alimentary canal problems, hypertension, stomachache, typhoid, amoebiasis, headache, heart-problem, skin diseases, wounds, eye infections	[78,88,109,119,120,132,141,143,152]
Acanthus polystachyus Delile	Shrub	Leaf, root, stem	Mental disturbance, acaricide, cough, spleen/liver problems, fever	[98,120,133,144]
Anisotes ukambensis Lindau	Shrub	Bark	Bleeding during pregnancy	[74]
Asystasia mysorensis (Roth) T.Anderson	Herb	Leaf	Chira, false teeth, colds, headache, malaria, ringworms, cough, skin diseases	[76,78,99,143]
Barleria acanthoides Vahl	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Tonic, eye lotion	[77]
Barleria delamerei S.Moore	Herb	Whole plant, roots, leaf	Polio, fever, tonic, eye lotion	[72,77]
Barleria eranthemoides R.Br. ex C.B.Clarke	Shrub	Leaf, root, whole plant	Dyspepsia, vomiting, postpartum hemorrhage, diaphragm, foreign objects pierced into the skin, boils	[51,81,102,148]
Barleria grandicalyx Lindau	Herb	Leaf	Snakebites	[78]
Barleria quadrispina Lindau	Shrub	Roots	Wasting sickness in goats, menstrual disorders	[127,142]
Barleria ventricosa Hochst. ex Nees	Herb	Whole plant	Rheumatism	[106]
Blepharis edulis (Forssk.) Pers.	Herb	Whole plant	Lung problems, malaria, hepatitis, TB, chest pain	[72,77,92]
Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth	Herb	Whole plant	Sores	[140]
Crabbea velutina S.Moore	Herb	Root, leaf, whole plant	Scabies, prophylaxis for baby ailments, enlarged glands	[76,140,141]
Crossandra massaica Mildbr.	Herb	Leaf	Snakebites (humans/cattle), syphilis	[67,76]
Dicliptera laxata C.B.Clarke	Herb	Roots, leaf, aerial parts	Colorectal cancer, diarrhea, skin rashes, chest pain, difficult breathing, wounds, mouth ulcers in children, cough, eye/ear infection, boils, snakebites	[117,119,122,144]
Duosperma kilimandscharicum (Lindau) Dayton	Shrub	Leaf	Cuts, sores, wounds	[80]
Dyschoriste radicans Nees	Herb	leaf	Itchy skin, HIV/AIDs, fever, STIs, orchitis, skin diseases, wounds, eye infections	[78,119,143,144]
Dyschoriste thunbergiiflora (S.Moore) Lindau	Herb/shrub	Leaf	Skin diseases, wounds, eye infections	[78]
Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine	Herb	Whole plant	Corneal ulcers	[143]
Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult.	Herb	Leaves, roots, stems	Wounds, stomachache, colds, malaria, liver problems, stomach ulcers, nausea, joint/chest pain, TB, chest complaints, pneumonia, sore throat, cough, eye diseases, abdominal pains	[67,87,109,115,131,141,152]
Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br.	Herb	Root, bark, leaves, aerial parts	Stomachache, colds, malaria, liver problems, stomach ulcers, nausea, pesticide	[91,104,132,152,168]
Justicia anagalloides (Nees) T.Anderson	Herb	Leaves	Edema	[144]
Justicia calyculata Deflers	Herb	Aerial parts	Snakebites	[126]
Justicia exigua S.Moore	Herb	Whole plant	Gastrointestinal problems	[79]
Justicia flava (Forssk.) Vahl	Herb	Leaves, roots	Postnatal pains, eyes problems, cough, boils, diarrhea, stomachache, vomiting, ulcers, pneumonia	[67,78,122,125,132]
Justicia odora (Forssk.) Lam.	Shrub	Aerial parts, bark	Aphrodisiac	[80]
Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock	Herb	Leaves	Skin sores/ulcers	[141]
Lepidagathis scariosa Nees	Herb	Leaves	Diarrhea, wounds, edema, foot and mouth in livestock, pneumonia	[78]
Monechma subsessile (Oliv.) C.B.Clarke	Herb	Roots	Labor pains	[144]
Nicoteba betonica (L.) Lindau	Herb	Leaves, flowers, roots, whole plant, aerial parts	Malaria, cough, breast/colorectal/skin cancer, toothaches, diarrhea, stomachache, STIs, edema, orchitis	[67,78,79,101,117,119,122,143,144]
Ruellia patula Jacq.	Herb	Root	Joint diseases	[149]
Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims	Herb	Leaves, buds	Joint dislocation (humans, livestock), boils, toothache, body swellings, watery painful eyes, wounds, internal injury, bone fractures, stomachache, mouth ulcers, cellulitis, cough, suppurating ears, diarrhea, skin diseases, goat/sheep diseases, backache, hydrocele, joint pains, fungal diseases, tongue thrush, fetus placement in the womb, hardening of soft parts of the central part of the head in babies, gall sickness in cattle	[78,86,120,122,125,141,143,144,168]
Thunbergia fischeri Engl.	Herb	Whole plant	Purgative	[67]
Thunbergia holstii Lindau	Shrub	Leaves	Malaria	[138]
Achariaceae
Grandidiera boivinii Jaub.	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Common cold, tonsils, septic swelling, poison antidote	[127]
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera L.	Herb/shrub	Roots, whole plant, leaves	Skin diseases, wounds/cuts, teeth problems, back/knee aches, conjunctivitis, malaria, venereal diseases, septic swelling, urinary tract problems, constipation, STIs, back/joint/bone problems, arthritis, general body, stomachache, anthrax, toothache, cough, excess menstrual discharge, headache, gonorrhea, kidney problems, diabetes, kidney pains	[41,51,76,78,84,89,90,92,96,115,120,127,132,136,138,143,144,147,149,152,168]
Achyropsis fruticulosa C.B.Clarke	Shrub	Root	Malaria	[77]
Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult.	Hern/shrub	Roots, flowers	ECF in cattle, retained placenta	[67,89,139]
Alternanthera pungens Kunth (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, roots	Toothache, mouth sores	[106,122]
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC.	Herb	Leaves	Eye infections, wounds, skin diseases	[119]
Amaranthus graecizans L.	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	AIDS, amoebiasis, cough, colds/flu, diabetes, energy boost, high blood pressure, immunity booster, increase blood, poor digestion, boils, rheumatism, anthelmintic, wounds, prevent abortion, cancer	[41,78,81,147]
Amaranthus hybridus L.	Herb	Leaves, roots, whole plant	Colic pain in infants, mineral/vitamin deficiency in pregnancy, urinary tract infection, kidney and stomach ailments, bilharzia, stomach acid, anthelmintic in human/animals, measles, malaria	[84,88,96,111,147,153,168]
Amaranthus spinosus L.	Herb	Roots, whole plant	Mouth infection, venom antidote, wounds, fever	[76,132,144]
Amaranthus tricolor L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Ear diseases, skin disease	[141,144]
Beta vulgaris L. (exotic)	Herb		Cancer	[41]
Celosia anthelminthica Asch.	Herb	Whole plant	Anthelmintic	[143]
Celosia argentea L.	Herb	Leaves, flowers, stems	Convalescents	[67]
Celosia schweinfurthiana Schinz (exotic)	Herb	Whole plant	Malaria, anthelmintic	[124,143]
Celosia trigyna L.	Herb	Whole plant	Anthelmintic	[143]
Chenopodium album L. (exotic)	Herb	Whole plant	Abdominal upsets in infants, blood detoxifier in pregnancy	[88]
Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz	Herb	Leaves, roots	Diarrhea, fever in babies, cough, anaplasmosis in cattle, roundworms in children, suppurating ears, urinary disorders	[119,132,168]
Cyathula cylindrica Moq.	Herb	Roots, bark, leaves	Malaria, stomach problems, wounds, joint pains, emetic, purgative, diarrhea, fungal infections	[67,78,104,109]
Cyathula polycephala Baker	Herb	Roots, leaves, bark, whole plant	Dental problems, malaria, emetic, ulcers, breast cancer, boils, urinary problems, diabetes, vomiting, diarrhea, heart problems, stomachache, anthelmintic	[41,67,84,104,115,138,144,147,168]
Cyathula uncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz	Herb/shrub	Roots, leaves	Malaria, wounds, induce pregnancy, skin rashes, abdominal pains, emetic	[99,141,144,152]
Digera muricata (L.) Mart.	Herb	Leaves	Generally medicinal	[91]
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Neck swelling in calves, wounds, anthelmintic, boils	[67,115,132,140]
Gomphrena celosioides Mart. (exotic)	Herb	Roots	Wound, burns	[77]
Ouret lanata (L.) Kuntze	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Sores eyes	[67]
Psilotrichum elliotii Baker	Shrub	Whole plant	Boils	[147]
Psilotrichum scleranthum Thwaites	Herb/shrub	Roots, leaves	Convulsions, aphrodisiac, smoothening skin	[127,150]
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss.	Herb	Whole plant, roots	Venereal diseases, induce salivation in babies	[127]
Sericocomopsis hildebrandtii Schinz	Shrub	Root	Malaria, stomachache, weight during pregnancy, induce bile release from the gallbladder, hepatitis, purgative	[77,92,97,105,136]
Sericocomopsis pallida (S.Moore) Schinz	Shrub	Root	Malaria	[72]
Amaryllidaceae
Allium ampeloprasum L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Colds, flu, cleaning mouth, earache, cough	[84,108,147]
Allium cepa L. (exotic)	Herb	Roots	Cough, flu, headache, pneumonia, bloat (cows), chest problem, digestive disorders, rheumatism, wounds, colds (human/cattle)	[14,41,73,74,168]
Allium sativum L. (exotic)	Herb	Roots, fruits	Malaria, HIV/AIDs, toothache, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, respiratory diseases, stomachache, mosquito repellant, allergies, colds, runny nose	[14,83,85,98,108,129,137,146]
Ammocharis tinneana (Kotschy & Peyr.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick.	Herb	Root, exudate	Snakebites, emetic	[126,143]
Crinum macowanii Baker	Herb	Root, exudate	Urinary tract infections, chest pains, boils, snakebites, livestock diseases	[80,143]
Anacardiaceae
Anacardium occidentale L. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Toothache, child colic	[150]
Lannea alata (Engl.) Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Burns, wounds, stomach problems	[72,80]
Lannea fulva (Engl.) Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Gut disorders, diarrhea, chest pains, cough, stomachache, antivenom, headache, astringent, expectorant, colds	[91,99,116,132,141,142]
Lannea rivae (Chiov.) Sacleux	Shrub/tree	Bark	Ear problems, nose and throat problems, diarrhea	[41,77]
Lannea schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl.	Tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Aphrodisiac, gut problems, diarrhea, dysentery, acaricide, prophylaxis for baby/children’s ailments, stomachache, chest problems	[41,78,116,133,140]
Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl.	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Malaria, venereal diseases, induce labor pains, amoeba, stomachache, boils, skin rashes, cough, colds/flu, STIs, urinary system infections, pneumonia, gastrointestinal problems, pregnancy anemia, vomiting, headache, waterborne diseases, arthritis, increase blood, barrenness, boils, skin diseases, toothache, heart problem, dermatological problems, jaundice, anthrax, gynecological problems, dysentery, infertility, teeth removal, anti-acid, laxative, backache, gonorrhea	[14,41,51,75,76,79,81,100,102,104,106,108,127,132,138,142,143,145,148,150,151]
Lannea triphylla (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Diarrhea, liver diseases, dysentery, rheumatism, body swelling, malaria, colds, stomachache, chest problems, nausea in pregnancy	[14,77,80,99,139]
Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl.	Tree		Diarrhea, hemorrhoids, infertility in women, menstrual troubles, gonorrhea, epilepsy, skin infections, ulcers	[110]
Mangifera indica L. (exotic)	Tree	Roots, leaves, bark, fruits	TB, malaise, allergies, amoebiasis, back/joint/bone problems, burns, cough, colds/flu, diabetes, goiter, hypertension, injuries/cuts, wounds, kwashiorkor, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatism, typhoid, toothache, ringworms, diarrhea, gonorrhea, stomachache, ear infections, chest pains, toothache, skin/throat/breast cancer, constipation, STIs, diabetes, yellow fever, diarrhea, abdominal pains	[14,41,80,83,84,106,116,117,118,119,129,139,143,146,150,168]
Ozoroa insignis Delile	Shrub/tree	Bark, root, stems, leaves	Mumps, toothache, snakebites, complications in menstruation, venereal diseases, diarrhea, clean womb, liver problems, rib pain, tonic, stomachache, kidney diseases, acaricide, retained placenta in human/animals, constipation in animals, gastrointestinal problems, enlarged spleen, headache, cancer, vomiting, heart problem, pregnancy pains, astringent, dysmenorrhea, malaria	[67,77,79,86,87,91,99,105,107,111,112,127,132,133,140,141,142,143,145]
Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Menstrual disorders, venereal diseases, stomachache, malaria, dizziness	[127,142,150]
Pistacia aethiopica Kokwaro	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Allergies, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, diabetes, malaria, spleen pain and enlargement, dizziness, liver problems, fever, pneumonia, rheumatism	[41,84,140,168]
Schinus molle L. (exotic)	Tree	Roots, leaves, stems	Cough, colds/flu, malaria, rheumatism, chicken pox	[41,71,107,168]
Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst.	Tree	Bark, roots, fruits	Colds, flu, edema of limbs, respiratory disorders, joint pains, toothache, joint aches, backache, body aches, malaria, stomachache, constipation, dysentery, diarrhea, fever, ulcers, enlarged spleen, heartburn, dysentery, liver problems, rheumatism, diabetes, tick control, abdominal pain, spleen diseases, STI’s, cough	[14,41,64,72,90,91,99,100,104,112,127,141,142,143,147]
Searsia longipes (Engl.) Moffett	Shrub/tree	Fruits, roots	Amoeba, anthelmintic, backache, stomachache, headache, influenza, diarrhea	[14,99,147]
Searsia natalensis (Bernh. ex C.Krauss) F.A.Barkley	Shrub/tree	Leaves, bark, seeds, roots, stems,	Abdominal pains, gonorrhea, anthelmintic in human/livestock, malaria, tonic, respiratory disorders, stomachic, endometritis, foot/mouth disease, postpartum pain, stomach problems, diarrhea, teeth cleaning, stomachache, bone pains, premenstrual pains, madness, weak bone, joint pains, abdominal pains, urinary tract infection, convulsions, constipation, spinal cord problem, liver and spleen diseases, peptic ulcers, invigorant, helps in child delivery, back/bone joint problems, cough, colds, flu, ear-nose-throat problems, lack of appetite, low libido, back/joint/bone problems, arthritis, wounds, dental diseases, livestock weakness, giardia, headache, neck pain, fever, TB, vomiting, eye lotion, stomach/skin/breast cancer, influenza, back pain, anthrax, postpartum pains, toothache, tonsillitis, boils, acaricide, abdominal pain, heartburn, rashes, liver enlargement, asthma, wounds, prophylaxis for diseases various diseases, general body weakness, colic pain, pain in pregnancy, strengthen bones, vitamin supplements, bilharzia, afterbirth pains, indigestion, chest problems, pneumonia, respiratory disorders, abdominal pains, venereal diseases, sore feet, purgative	[14,41,66,68,71,72,75,76,77,78,79,81,82,84,86,88,90,98,99,100,101,104,105,106,107,108,109,112,113,115,117,119,120,123,125,127,132,133,135,136,138,140,141,142,143,144,148,152,154,168]
Annonaceae
Annona senegalensis Pers.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, bark, roots	Eye problems, snakebites, stomach upsets, acaricide stomachache, poison antidote, intestinal pains, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, sores, ulcers, boils, liver/spleen problems, headache, dizziness, colds	[95,112,126,133,134,142,143,144,150]
Annona squamosa L. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, fruits	Nutrient supplement, ulcers, blood purifier, hypertension, reproductive disorders, dizziness	[110,150]
Asteranthe asterias (S.Moore) Engl. & Diels	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Sore throats, coughs, venereal diseases	[127]
Huberantha stuhlmannii (Engl.) Chaowasku	Shrub	Roots, bark	Hypertension, typhoid, obesity	[150]
Monanthotaxis fornicata (Baill.) Verdc.	Shrub	Roots, leaves	General body pains, prenatal care, menstruation complications	[127]
Monanthotaxis schweinfurthii (Engl. & Diels) Verdc.	Liana	Roots	Malaria, rheumatism	[41,129]
Monanthotaxis trichocarpa (Engl. & Diels) Verdc.	Liana	Leaves	Headache	[142]
Monodora grandidieri Baill.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Rectal problems, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, gastrointestinal gas, reproductive disorders	[127,134,150]
Uvaria acuminata Oliv.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Convulsions, snakebites, dysentery, cough, stomach upsets, spleen problems, laxative, gastrointestinal gas, aphrodisiac, rectal prolapse, menstrual cramps, malaria, female reproductive disorders	[75,100,127,142,145,150]
Uvaria faulknerae Verdc.	Liana	Roots, leaves	Convulsions	[127]
Uvaria leptocladon Oliv.	Shrub/tree/liana	Root	Diuretic, abortifacient	[142]
Uvaria lucida Bojer ex Benth.	Shrub/liana	Roots, leaves	Convulsions, reproductive disorders, aphrodisiac	[127,150]
Uvaria scheffleri Diels	Tree/liana	Bark, root	Malaria, joint/chest pains, cough/colds/flu, lack of appetite, painkiller, stomach disorders, debility, pneumonia, swollen legs, stomach pain in pregnancy, retained placenta	[41,77,84,91,96,99,129,139,141,142]
Uvariodendron anisatum Verdc.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Allergies, amoebiasis, arthritis, cough, colds, flu, diabetes, HIV/AIDs, infertility, injuries, cuts, wounds, retained placenta in cows/human, low libido, rheumatism, STIs, ulcers, scorpion/snake bites, breast/prostate cancer, calf rejection, erectile dysfunction/impotence, malaria, labor pains, aphrodisiac	[14,41,84,146,168]
Uvariodendron kirkii Verdc.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Convulsions, bloody diarrhea	[127]
Xylopia parviflora Spruce	Tree	Roots	Aphrodisiac	[150]
Apiaceae
Afroligusticum aculeolatum (Engl.) P.J.D.Winter	Herb	Roots, leaves	Cancer, purgative, colds	[129,141]
Alepidea peduncularis Steud. ex A.Rich.	Herb	Bark	Chest problems, bronchitis	[144]
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.	Herb	Seeds	Colds	[67,89]
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.	Herb	Leaves, roots, stems, whole plant	Loss of memory, toothache, ear infections, boils, mouth ulcers, infertility, measles, stomachache, HIV/AIDs	[119,122,143,144,154]
Coriandrum sativum L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Colds, flu, digestive disorders, nausea, dysentery	[84,168]
Daucus carota L.	Herb	Roots	Heartburns, stomach disorders	[41]
Daucus incognitus (C.Norman) Spalik, Reduron & Banasiak	Herb	Roots	Pneumonia	[120]
Diplolophium africanum Turcz.	Herb	Root	Ailments in children/babies	[140]
Ferula communis L.	Herb	Roots	General sickness in babies/children	[140]
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (exotic)	Herb		Colic, Vitamin A supplement	[41]
Heteromorpha trifoliata (H.L.Wendl.) Eckl. & Zeyh.	Shrub/tree	Roots, levees	Stomachache, skin infections, measles, ulcers, tonic, syphilis, poison, fever in children/babies, cough, aphrodisiac	[67,99,109,120,140,142,152,168]
Oenanthe palustris (Chiov.) C.Norman	Herb	Leaves	Stomach complications, poisonous to livestock	[109,168]
Oenanthe procumbens (H.Wolff) C.Norman	Herb	Leaves, seeds	Mouth infection in babies, cough	[67,109]
Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst.	Tree	Leaves, bark, aerial parts, roots, stems	Skin, partial blindness, edema, dysentery, diabetes mellitus, boils, protracted labor, retained afterbirth, malaria, acaricide, emetic, fever, pneumonia, spleen pain and enlargement, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, itchy eyes, sensitive eyes	[51,67,81,85,98,106,120,129,133,139,140,142,147]
Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link	Herb	Leaves	Preventing miscarriage	[77]
Apocynaceae
Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd	Shrub/tree	Bar, roots, fruits, leaves	Cancer, liver disease, poison	[72,88,100,142,168]
Acokanthera schimperi (A.DC.) Schweinf.	Shrub/tree	Roots, stems, leaves, bark	Blood pressure, HIV/AIDs, diarrhea, antivenom, syphilis, poisonous, ectoparasites (ticks, fleas, mites), malaria	[68,78,88,89,91,105,107,142,145,168]
Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult.	shrub	Bark, root	Stomach ailments, snakebites, poisonous, ectoparasites	[68,72,77,127,134,142]
Buckollia volubilis (Schltr.) Venter & R.L.Verh.	Liana	Bark	Aid in child delivery, malaria	[78]
Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, exudates, fruits, stems	Determine unborn baby’s sex, toothache, yellow fever, anemia, malaria, camel cough, poisonous, emetic, vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache, foreign objects pierced into the body	[14,51,88,91,104,132,134,141,142,147]
Carissa spinarum L.	Shrub	Roots, fruits, bark, leaves, seeds	Abdominal pains, infertility in women, malaria, gonorrhea, syphilis, nose bleeding, diarrhea, typhoid fever, lactation, postpartum pain, pelvic pains, backache, skin allergies, seizures, fever, herpes zoster (shingles), amoebas, STIs, measles, joint pains, afterbirth pains, cancer, chest problems, cleans stomach, cough, colds/flu, energy boost, high blood pressure, painkiller, pneumonia, medicine antidote, rheumatism, TB, anthelmintic, chest pains, polio, arthritis, chest pains, stomachache, asthma, allergy, peptic ulcers, colic pain in infants, wounds, hypertension, diabetes, menstrual pains, ingestion and abdominal pains during pregnancy, bone pain, toothache, dizziness, headache, theileriosis, helminthiasis, salmonellosis, heart water, milk letdown, prevent first and second trimester, abortion, vomiting, infertility (sheep, goat), milk let down, mastitis, miscarriage (cow), tonic, constipation, eye infections, reduces body fat, dysentery, aphrodisiac, abdominal pains, breast cancer, acaricide, general malaise, appetizer, swelling and bruises, HIV/AIDs, strengthen bones, bloat, heartburn, cathartic, gynecological diseases, softens stool, digestion and cough (cattle), muscle pain, epilepsy	[14,41,64,68,71,72,73,74,76,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,87,88,89,90,91,93,97,98,99,101,102,103,105,106,107,108,112,113,118,119,120,123,124,129,130,132,133,135,136,137,138,140,141,142,143,146,147,150,151,154,168]
Carissa tetramera (Sacleux) Stapf	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Convulsions	[127]
Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold (exotic)	Tree	Fruit, leaf, flower, bark, roots, fruits	Wounds, skin rashes, cuts/burns, lung problems in livestock, mosquito repellant, congested nose in children, skin disease, ringworms, induce sneezing	[74,76,87,106,108,143,150]
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don (exotic)	Herb/shrub	Leaves, whole plant, roots	Throat/stomach/esophageal cancer, pneumonia, chest pain, gastrointestinal problems, malaria	[79,104,117,122,124,143]
Cryptolepis oblongifolia (Meisn.) Schltr.	Shrub	Roots	General body weakness	[140]
Cynanchum altiscandens K.Schum.	Shrub	Tuber, aerial parts	Colds, stomachache, circumcision wounds, increase milk letdown	[144,152]
Cynanchum ethiopicum Liede & Khanum	Herb	Roots	Pneumonia	[109]
Cynanchum insipidum (E.Mey.) Liede & Khanum	Herb	Leaves, roots	Stomachache, abnormal vaginal secretion, anaplasmosis, Chira, malaria, eye problem, reproductive disorders, increase milk letdown in animals	[68,76,127,144,150]
Cynanchum viminale (L.) L.	Herb	Roots, bark	Syphilis, bone pain, body pains, cough	[14,67,140]
Desmidorchis retrospiciens Ehrenb.	Herb	Whole plant	Infertility, chest problems, congestion/wheezing	[88,91]
Desmidorchis speciosa (N.E.Br.) Plowes	Herb	Exudate	Emetic	[67]
Edithcolea grandis N.E.Br.	Herb	Exudates	Ringworms	[51]
Funtumia africana (Benth.) Stapf	Tree	Leaves, bark	Boils, dysentery, diarrhea	[116]
Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W.T.Aiton	Shrub	Seeds, roots, whole plant, exudate	Diarrhea, diabetes, fevers, abdominal pains, wounds, toothache (never to swallowed), liver diseases, kidney problems, chest pains, headache	[83,99,136,140,141,168]
Gomphocarpus integer (N.E.Br.) Bullock	Herb	Roots	Amoeba	[147]
Gomphocarpus physocarpus E.Mey.	Shrub	Stems, fruits, roots, exudate, leaves	Stomach problems in women, toothache, aids calf delivery in cows, flu, congested nose	[67,76,109,152]
Gomphocarpus semilunatus A.Rich.	Shrub	Leaves, whole plant	Gum lesions, toothache, syphilis, gonorrhea, gastroenteritis, malaria,nose infection, stomach problem, headache, infertility, purgative	[104,115,122,131,143]
Kanahia laniflora (Forssk.) R.Br.	Shrub		Epilepsy	[142]
Landolphia buchananii (Hallier f.) Stapf	Liana	Leaves, roots	Back/joint ache, venereal diseases, malaria, wounds, gonorrhea, molluscoid	[78,84,111,168]
Landolphia kirkii Dyer ex Hook.f.	Shrub	Roots	Stomach ailments	[127]
Leptadenia lanceolata (Poir.) Goyder	Liana	Leaves	General medicine	[91]
Marsdenia abyssinica (Hochst.) Schltr.	Liana	Bark, roots	Diarrhea, heartburn, oral thrush	[67,86,142]
Marsdenia angolensis N.E.Br.	Liana	Root	Anthelmintic, runny nose, poison	[14]
Marsdenia rubicunda (K.Schum.) N.E.Br.	Liana	Roots	Postnatal care, threatened miscarriage	[127,141]
Marsdenia schimperi Decne.	Liana	Root	Abdominal pain	[141]
Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels	Shrub	Roots, fruits, flowers, stems,	Appetizer, fatigue, mineral deficiency, aphrodisiac, respiratory problems, allergies, cough, colds/flu, dental disorders, malaria, rheumatism, stomach disorders, indigestion, heartburn, kidney ailments, asthma, gonorrhea, acaricide, anorexia, STIs, stimulant after giving birth, aphrodisiac, infertility, stomachache	[14,41,66,99,105,107,110,125,133,142,143,144,146,168]
Nerium oleander L. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Upper respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal complications, blocked nose, chest pain	[68,122]
Orbea dummeri (N.E.Br.) Bruyns	Herb	Stems	Gastrointestinal ulcers, sores on lips/tongue, baby stomach problems	[139,140]
Pachycarpus concolor E. Mey.	Herb	Roots	Cattle sores caused by skin maggots	[67]
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov.	Herb/shrub	Exudate, roots	Stomachache, rashes, dermatitis	[67,132,141]
Periploca linearifolia Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.	Shrub	Roots, leaves, stems, exudate	Infertility, abdominal pains in pregnancy, ulcers, malaria, stomachache, headache, backache, diarrhea, colds, flu, cough, chest problems, bad smell of flatulence, mouth inflammation in children, anthelmintic, retained placenta, fever, joint pains, gonorrhea, teeth problems, spinal cord problem, aphrodisiac, herpes zoster, oral thrush, pneumonia, cancer, pre/postmenopausal symptoms, lumbago in women, diabetes, syphilis, pesticide, eye problems, amoeba, wounds, skin sores/ulcers, typhoid, body strength, warts	[41,78,83,84,87,88,91,99,103,104,107,109,120,128,131,132,141,152,168]
Plumeria alba L. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Bark, root, leaves, exudate	Removal of thorn, wounds (cow, goat, sheep, human), STI’s	[14,73,146]
Plumeria rubra L. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Exudate	Ringworms	[122]
Rauvolfia caffra Sond.	Shrub/tree	Bark, fruit, root	Allergies, amoebiasis, cough, colds/flu, pneumonia, rheumatism, stomach disorders, respiratory disorders, body weakness, chest diseases, bloat, ECF, anthelmintic, trachoma in cattle, arthritis, skin care, toothache	[14,41,80,100,143,146,147]
Rauvolfia mannii Stapf	Shrub/tree	Root, bark	Itching and pimples, arrow poison, malaria, headache, toothache, general body weakness, cough, arthralgia, anthelmintic in chicken	[14,145]
Rauvolfia mombasiana Stapf	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots	Malaria, poison, venereal diseases, stomach pains, skin conditions, swellings	[134,142]
Saba comorensis (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon	Liana	Roots, fruits	Prenatal care, diabetes, enlarged prostate	[41,91,127]
Schizozygia coffeoides Baill.	Shrub	Roots, bark	Skin diseases	[134,142]
Secamone punctulata Decne.	Liana	Roots	Fever, headache, chest pain, malaria, fever, stomach problems, gonorrhea, prevent abortion	[77,136,139]
Strophanthus kombe Oliv.	Liana		Poison	[134]
Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf	Tree	Root, bark, stem, leaves	Malaria, anthelmintic, typhoid, amoeba, pneumonia, livestock diseases	[74,145,147]
Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten	Tree	Roots, bark, fruits	Respiratory disorders, cancer, breast cancer, headache, stomachache, cough, toothache, wounds/cuts, cattle diseases (ECF, constipation), pneumonia, chest problems, aids in delivery	[14,78,88,99,117]
Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A.DC.	Shrub/tree	Latex	Amoeba, asthma, malaria, measles, wounds	[41,142]
Tacazzea conferta N.E.Br.	Liana	Root	Stimulate milk letdown (human/cattle)	[142]
Vincetoxicum fruticulosum (Decne.) Decne.	Shrub/liana	Root	Tonic	[99]
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex mitis (L.) Radlk.	Shrub/tree	Bark	Infertility, abdominal pains	[141]
Araceae
Anchomanes abbreviatus Engl.	Herb	Roots	Wounds, septic swellings	[127]
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (exotic)	Herb	Roots, leaves	Colds (human, cattle, sheep), sore throat, anxiety, fast heart beat	[14,127,144]
Culcasia falcifolia Engl.	Herb	Leaves	Dry cough, ECF, edema, epilepsy	[78]
Gonatopus boivinii (Decne.) Engl.	Herb	Roots	Mumps	[127]
Stylochaeton salaamicus N.E.Br.	Herb	Whole plant	Induce salivation in babies	[127]
Zamioculcas zamiifolia (G.Lodd.) Engl.	Herb	Whole plant	Eardrops	[127]
Araliaceae
Astropanax abyssinicus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Seem.	Tree	Leaves, exudate	Bronchitis, cough, pneumonia, aphrodisiac, cleaning the womb	[131,147]
Astropanax volkensii (Harms) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett, Gostel & Frodin	Shrub/tree	Leaves, bark, stem, exudate	Chest pains, malaria, pneumonia, livestock diseases, fever, kidney problems, colds, sore throat, whooping cough, swollen bodies, cough, inhaled to clear blocked nose, typhoid, TB, goiter, rashes, allergies, headache, expectorant, liver problems, skin diseases (goats/sheep)	[67,91,109,120,132,141,142,152,168]
Cussonia arborea Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Tree	Leaves	Stomachache, childbirth, veterinary uses, constipation	[116,144]
Cussonia holstii Harms ex Engl.	Tree	Bark, roots	Abdominal pains, bones/joints problems, cough, colds/flu, kwashiorkor, malaria, rheumatism, clear uterus after parturition, fever, alcoholic tremors, stimulant, retained placenta, tonic, ear-nose-mouth infection, irregular menstruation, wounds (cows), backache, stomachache	[14,41,67,71,77,105,136,138,142,147,168]
Cussonia spicata Thunb.	Tree	Leaves, bark, roots	STI’s, fever, spinal cord problem, teething, abdominal upsets, stimulant, liver enlargement, abdominal pains, diarrhea, splenomegaly, painkiller, emetic, malaria	[77,88,109,132,141,145,152]
Cussonia zimmermannii Harms	Tree	Roots	Kwashiorkor	[127]
Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms	Tree	Bark	Obesity	[78]
Polyscias kikuyuensis Summerh.	Tree	Leaves, bark	Joint pains, arthritis, rheumatism, wounds, skin diseases	[41,88,109,168]
Arecaceae
Cocos nucifera L. (exotic)	Tree	Fruits, leaves	Skin rash, asthma, kidney problems, wounds	[108,150]
Hyphaene compressa H.Wendl.	Tree	Bark	Anthelmintic	[14]
Phoenix reclinata Jacq.	Tree	Root, leaves, exudate	Stomachache, chest problems, stimulant	[14,41,80,152]
Aristolochiaceae
Asarum canadense L. (exotic)	Herb		Cough, colds/flu, mental ailments, pneumonia, STI’s	[41]
Aristolochia albida Duch.	Herb		Snake antidote, poison	[134]
Asparagaceae			Root, leaves, exudate
Agave sisalana Perrine (exotic)	Tree	Roots, leaves, exudates	Earache, burns, eye problems, injuries, cuts/wounds, acaricide, gonorrhea, appetizer, anthelmintic, retained placenta, mosquito repellant, fed to livestock to increase milk letdown	[14,41,64,84,106,120,133,139,144,152]
Albuca abyssinica Jacq.	Herb	Roots	Arthritis, sores	[67,154]
Albuca bracteata (Thunb.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt	Herb	Roots	Bone injuries, wounds, cancer, colds, constipation/bloat (cattle)	[14,67,91,152]
Albuca virens (Lindl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt	Herb	Roots	Diabetes, back pains, tonsils, arthritis, poisonous to livestock	[83,91,115,168]
Asparagus africanus Lam.	Liana	Roots, leaves	Boils, mental illness, wounds, venereal diseases, cough, sore throat, skin infections, urinary tract infections, arthritis, gonorrhea, parturition	[67,89,94,123,135,154]
Asparagus buchananii Baker	Shrub/liana	Leaves, roots	Prevent second trimester abortion, pregnancy edema	[81]
Asparagus falcatus L.	Herb	Stems, roots, leaves	Stomach ailments, constipation, convulsions, teeth problem, rashes, rheumatoid arthritis	[127,132,138]
Asparagus flagellaris (Kunth) Baker	Shrub	Leaves, roots, fruits	Boils, abscesses, stomachache, syphilis, conjunctivitis	[94,99]
Asparagus racemosus Willd.	Liana	Leaves, roots	Arthritis, infertility in women, cancer, boils, stomachache, gonorrhea, immuno-booster, syphilis, malaria, labor, scrotum problems, removing thorn, rheumatism, improve sexual desire, indigestion, kidney diseases, abdominal pains, bone setting, jaundice, venereal diseases, HIV/AIDs, anthelmintic (cattle), retained placenta, lower back pain	[14,84,87,99,104,109,120,131,141,143,146,147,152,168]
Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop	Herb	Roots, leaves	Back pain in women, postpartum pain, STI’s, boils, toothache, abscess, diarrhea, sores, wounds, medicine for cattle, rheumatoid arthritis	[14,113,115,119,138,147]
Chlorophytum subpetiolatum (Baker) Kativu	Herb	Roots	Reduce madness	[99]
Dracaena afromontana Mildbr.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, stems	Stomach problems, swollen spleen, chest pains	[99,131]
Dracaena arborescens (Cornu ex Gérôme & Labroy) Byng & Christenh.	Herb	Roots, leaves	Venereal diseases, snakebites	[127]
Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	labor pains, chase mosquitoes	[144]
Dracaena frequens (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh.	Herb	Roots	Immune booster	[14]
Dracaena parva (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh.	Herb	Leaves, exudate	Snakebites, wounds	[126,143]
Dracaena perrotii (O.Warburg) Byng & Christenh.	Herb	Exudates, roots	Gonorrhea, rheumatism, arthritis, snakebites, earache	[51,72,143]
Dracaena steudneri Engl.	Tree	Bark, leaves, roots	Cancer, toothaches, rheumatism, anthelmintic, skin cancer, diabetes, stomachache, measles, diarrhea, veterinary medicine (goat), reduce pains birth and prevent dizziness at childbirth birth	[41,83,116,144,145,154]
Dracaena suffruticosa (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh.	Herb	Bark, branches, roots, stems	Gonorrhea	[135]
Dracaena volkensii (Gürke) Byng & Christenh.	Herb	Exudates, stems	Eye problems, STIs, snake repellant	[91,92,95]
Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop	Herb	Root	Ulcers, cancer	[91]
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens hochstetteri Warb.	Herb	Roots	Mouth infection in babies	[109]
Impatiens sodenii Engl. & Warb.	Herb	Roots	Difficult births in women, joint pain, purgative	[77,141,152]
Impatiens stuhlmannii Warb.	Herb	Fruits	Fever, dizziness, vitamin C	[144]
Impatiens tinctoria A.Rich.	Herb	Roots	Retained placenta, infertility, purgative, abdominal pains, thrush in mouth	[120,131,141]
Basellaceae
Basella alba L.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Abdominal/colic pains, anemia, stomachache, joint pains, burns, child delivery, retained placenta, lumbago, blood cleanser, breathing difficulty, diarrhea, amoebiasis, irregular menstruation, constipation, anthrax, bloat in cattle, antidote, increases milk production, stomach pain/constipation after birth	[14,78,84,87,88,109,115,120,131,132,143,144,152,168]
Berberidaceae
Berberis holstii Engl.	Shrub	Stem, roots, leaves, bark	Malaria, wounds, anthelmintic, stomachache, pain relief	[99,104,107,132]
Bignoniaceae
Fernandoa magnifica Seem.	Tree	Roots	Chest medicine, female reproductive disorders	[142,150]
Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don (exotic)	Tree	Leaves	STIs, acaricide	[41,133]
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.	Tree	Bark, roots, fruits, leaves, seeds	Measles, liver diseases, edema, stomachache, anemia, arthritis, asthma, cleans digestive system, depression, aphrodisiac, rheumatism, STIs, typhoid, abortifacient, headache, malaria, purify blood, amoeba, anthelmintic (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig, human), dystocia (cow), breast/uterine/skin cancer, gut problems, gonorrhea, syphilis, kidney diseases, piles, snakebite antidote, leprosy, rashes, pneumonia, skin sores and ulcers, colds/flu, sores/wounds, promote conception and pregnancy, cholesterol control, abdominal pains, infertility in women, emaciation, skin diseases, ulcers, diabetes, purgative, diarrhea	[14,41,72,73,76,78,79,84,88,89,98,103,104,105,108,110,116,117,121,132,139,141,143,144,146,147,168]
Markhamia lutea (Benth.) K.Schum.	Tree	Leaves, bark, root	Eye infection (cattle/human), toothache, snakebites, arthritis, skin inflammation, myalgia, earache, malaria, cataract, amoeba, back/joint/bone/chest problems, diarrhea, family planning, injuries/cuts/wounds, measles, pancreas problems, rheumatism, STIs, stomach disorders, typhoid, arthritis, colorectal cancer, stomachache, sore throat, flu, stomachache, measles, cardiac conditions, kidney ailments, acaricide, ringworms, menstrual pains, pneumonia	[14,41,66,76,87,101,116,117,119,120,122,124,125,133,143,147,154]
Markhamia zanzibarica (Bojer ex DC.) K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Abdominal pain, bleeding and edema in pregnancy, snakebites, bleeding during childbirth	[87,127]
Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv.	Tree	Bark, leaves, stems, exudate	Liver disorders, headache, sore throat, stomachache, malaria, chest, backache, STI’s, arthritis, tongue infections, cervical/bone/breast/colorectal/skin cancer, abortifacients, infertility, veterinary uses, rashes in children that turn into wounds, appetizer, cut/wounds/burns, chest pain, liver complaints, livestock diseases (increase milk production, bloat, cough, fever), sore throat, headache, colds	[66,78,101,116,117,119,120,122,142,144,154]
Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, bark, flowers, fruits	Cough, malaria, ulcers, venereal diseases, wounds, acaricide	[66,133,144]
Boraginaceae
Bourreria nemoralis (Gürke) Thulin	Shrub/tree	Roots	Stomach problems, kidney ailments, asthma	[41,127]
Bourreria petiolaris (Lam.) Thulin	Shrub/tree	Roots	Female reproductive disorders	[150]
Cordia africana Lam.	Tree	Bark, leaf, fruit, aerial parts	Vitamins, pneumonia, broken limbs, amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, cancer, eye problems, family planning, heartburns, injuries/cuts, wounds, livestock diseases, labor pains, stomach disorders, typhoid, prevents abortion, malaria, eye diseases pain (cow), general weakness (cow, goat, sheep, pig), bone injuries, toothache, cough, venereal diseases	[14,41,73,84,88,104,105,119,120,144,146,147]
Cordia monoica Roxb.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves, fruits	Backache, diarrhea, leprosy, mental illness, ocular disorders, retained placenta, livestock diseases, fever, joint/chest pains, stomach disorder, malaria, vomiting, eye ache/infection, fractures, gonorrhea	[67,71,77,80,89,99,105,135,136,145,147]
Cordia sinensis Lam.	Shrub/tree	Roots, flowers, bark, exudate	Eye problems, diarrhea, malaria, chest problems, pneumonia, fractures, woman’s stomach, fevers, eye infection, stomachache	[67,68,72,77,95]
Cynoglossum coeruleum Hochst. ex A.DC.	Herb	Leaves	Back/joint/bone problems, skin rashes, ulcers, chest pain, wounds, parturition (man, livestock), sore throat	[41,115,122,144,168]
Echiochilon lithospermoides (S.Moore) I.M.Johnst.	Herb	Whole plant	Livestock medicine	[77]
Ehretia bakeri Britten	Shrub/tree	Bark	Gastrointestinal complications, upper respiratory tract infections, malaria, muscle ache, toothache	[68,145]
Ehretia cymosa Thonn.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, bark, aerial parts	Abdominal ulcers, livestock diseases, malaria, rheumatism, anaplasmosis (cow, ruminant), diarrhea/dysentery (human, cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), boils, stomachache, chest pain, boils, aphrodisiac, typhoid, muscle ache, toothache, impotency, wounds, pain killer, cough, colds, vomiting, venereal diseases, pneumonia, epilepsy, ECF, tonsils, mental problems, asthma	[14,41,73,78,84,88,91,116,122,141,144,145,147,168]
Euploca rariflora (Stocks) Diane & Hilger (exotic)	Herb	Root	Joint diseases	[149]
Heliotropium steudneri Vatke	Herb	Leaves	Fleas, arrow poison wounds	[72,147]
Heliotropium zeylanicum (Burm.f.) Lam.	Herb	Roots	Boils, abscesses,	[94]
Symphytum officinale L. (exotic)	Herb	Roots	Wounds, joints/bones, problems, inflamed muscles, ulcers, boils, dry cough	[168]
Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm.f.) R.Br.	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Snakebites, TB, ulcers, stomachache, colds/flu, wounds	[84,99,148]
Brassicaceae
Brassica oleracea L. (exotic)	Herb		Heartburns	[41]
Cardamine obliqua Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Herb	Scurvy	Scurvy	[147]
Lepidium bonariense L. (exotic)	Herb	Stems, leaves	Cleaning stomach after childbirth	[77]
Lepidium sativum L. (exotic)	Herb	Seeds	Bone/joint pains, fever, respiratory diseases, stomachache	[137]
Nasturtium officinale W.T.Aiton (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Peptic ulcers, anemia, allergies, blood cleanser, respiratory diseases, cough	[88,168]
Spinacia oleracea L. (exotic)	Herb		Pneumonia	[41]
Burseraceae
Boswellia neglecta S.Moore	Shrub/tree	Bark, resin	Chest, headache, ribs, diarrhea, stomach disorders, swollen legs and stomach pain in pregnant women	[72,77,100,139]
Commiphora africana (A.Rich.) Engl.	Shrub/tree	Fruits, bark, roots, exudates	Abdominal pains, renal diseases, wounds, skin moisturizer, jiggers, eye problem, convulsions, venereal diseases, boils, skin rashes, edema, ulcers, swollen testicles, snakebite, typhoid, diarrhea, stomach problems, malaria, pneumonia, brucellosis, back/pain/joint pain, dysmenorrhea, burns, gum diseases, cough, gynecological problems	[71,72,77,79,84,87,89,92,96,98,104,105,107,108,127,138,141,143,148,150]
Commiphora baluensis Engl.	Tree	Bark, roots	Stomach disorders, body swellings, typhoid, malaria, diarrhea (human, poultry), swollen diaphragm	[51,77,100,139,145]
Commiphora edulis (Klotzsch) Engl.	Shrub	Bark, leaves	Convulsions, diarrhea, sore throat, pregnancy stomach pains, retained placenta, tapeworms, cough, chest pains	[51,100,127,139]
Commiphora eminii Engl.	Tree	Roots, leaves, branches, bark	After-birth pains, constipation, hard stool, rheumatism, STIs, stomach disorders, malaria, stomachache, skin rushes, colds, pneumonia, anthrax, constipation, acidity, muscle pains, stomach crumps, measles, cough (cow, goat, sheep, poultry, pig, ruminants, human), anaplasmosis (cow, ruminants), helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), diarrhea/dysentery (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), pleuritis, bloat, cuts/wounds	[14,41,133,146,147]
Commiphora kataf (Forssk.) Engl.	Tree	Fruits	Toothache	[64,77]
Commiphora kua (R.Br. ex Royle) Vollesen	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves, exudate	Body swelling, prenatal care, wounds, ringworms, toothache, acaricide (goats, cattle)	[51,94,100,127]
Commiphora oddurensis Chiov.	Shrub	Bark	Abdominal pains	[139]
Commiphora ovalifolia J.B.Gillett	Shrub/tree	Bark, exudate	Cellulitis, scabies	[80,94]
Commiphora rostrata Engl.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, twigs	Mild chest pains, cough	[80]
Commiphora schimperi (O.Berg) Engl.	Shrub/tree	Root, bark, leaves, exudate	Malaria, constipation, wounds	[97,100,111]
Commiphora swynnertonii Burtt	Shrub/tree	Stems, leaves	Gonorrhea	[105,107]
Buxaceae
Buxus obtusifolia (Mildbr.) Hutch.	Shrub/tree	Root	Chest complaints	[142]
Cactaceae
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (exotic)	Shrub	Fruits	Boils	[147]
Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Muell.) Stearn	shrub	Roots, branches	Gonorrhea	[99]
Campanulaceae
Lobelia fervens Thunb.	Herb	Whole plant	Body swellings	[134]
Lobelia giberroa Hemsl.	Shrub	Stems, roots, leaves	Urinary tract infections, joint aches, malaria, ECF	[77,145,147]
Lobelia holstii Engl.	Herb	Roots	Cough, stomachache	[99]
Canellaceae
Warburgia stuhlmannii Engl.	Tree	Bark, leaves	Toothache, rheumatism, ease pains, joint pains, cough, malaria, chest pain, heart pain, antioxidant, veterinary medicine	[134,142,150]
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague	Tree	Bark, stems, leaves, roots, seeds, fruits	Eye problems, stomachache, internal wounds, bloat, malaria, cough, appetizer, chest and lungs problems, diarrhea, respiratory problems, back pain in women, cleansing uterus, colds/flu, healing after delivery, chicken pox, stinking feet, gonorrhea, pneumonia, skin problems, livestock diseases, anthelmintic, headache, allergies, toothache, amoebiasis, asthma, back/bone/joints problems, diabetes, energy boost, general body pains, high blood pressure, meat appetizer, prostate cancer, rheumatism, STIs, swellings, TB, typhoid, ulcers, abdominal disorders, arthritis, constipation, general body weakness, fever, muscular pains, internal wounds, bacterial infections, heart water, ectoparasites, black quarter, emetic, trypanosomiasis, ECF, helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), pneumonia (cow, goat, sheep, poultry), general weakness/dullness (cow, goat, sheep, poultry, pig), sore throat, skin diseases, oral thrush, gastrointestinal problems, blood/mucus in stool, afterbirth stomach pains, prophylaxis for children diseases, cough (cattle), anodyne, expectorant, erectile, dysfunction/impotence, abdominal disorders, heart problems, gout, purgative, tonsils, uvala problems	[14,41,64,67,68,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,82,84,86,88,89,90,91,92,95,98,99,101,104,105,107,109,110,116,119,120,123,129,132,135,136,138,140,141,142,143,144,146,147,152,153,168]
Cannabaceae
Cannabis sativa L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, flowers, seeds	Wounds, diarrhea/dysentery (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), pneumonia (poultry), Newcastle disease (poultry), stimulant	[73,144,146]
Celtis africana Burm.f.	Tree	Roots, stems	Bone problems, livestock diseases, antipruritic, stomachache	[14,152]
Celtis gomphophylla Baker	Tree	Roots, leaves, roots	Backache, general body illness, infertility, anthelmintic, STIs	[66,116]
Celtis philippensis Blanco	Shrub/tree	Roots	Diarrhea	[142]
Chaetachme aristata Planch.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, bark	Malaria, strength, skin, boils, infertility	[77,116,120]
Trema orientale (L.) Blume	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Afterbirth pains, bacterial infections, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, stomach disorders, anthelmintic, yellow fever, insect repellant, constipation	[41,144,148,168]
Capparaceae
Boscia coriacea Graells	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, fruits, seeds	Dental problems, detoxifier, eye problems, meat appetite, pneumonia, prostate cancer, tonsillitis, stomachache, fleas/mites, gonorrhea, malaria, burns, hepatitis, livestock diseases, obesity, food poisoning, abdominal pains, partial blindness/eye injuries in cattle, anthelmintic and diarrhea (human, goats, cattle)	[14,41,51,64,67,72,77,80,91,100,132,139]
Boscia integrifolia J.St.-Hil.	Tree	Stems, leaves, bark	Diarrhea, gonorrhea, cattle fever, gynecological disorders, malaria, retained afterbirth, prevent first trimester abortion, vomiting, hepatitis, diarrhea, joint pains, swelling/bruises due to thorns	[71,72,77,81,89,97,103,104]
Boscia salicifolia Oliv.	Tree	Bark, leaves	Backache, chronic joint pains	[130,142]
Cadaba farinosa Forssk.	Shrub/tree	Fruits, roots, stems, leaves	Emetic, pregnancy anemia, STIs, colds, fever, snakebites	[72,100,134,135,142]
Cadaba glandulosa Forssk.	Shrub	Root	Purgative	[142]
Capparis cartilaginea Decne.	Shrub	Root, bark, leaves	Eye lotion, heartburn, peptic ulcers, skin sores/ulcers, abdominal pains,swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, retained placenta	[67,91,139,141]
Capparis fascicularis DC.	Liana	Roots, leaves, fruits	Venereal diseases, diarrhea, stomachache, colds, poisonous, wounds, burns, anthelmintic, false teeth, gastrointestinal problems, stomach pains	[67,72,76,79,108,127,142,143]
Capparis sepiaria L.	Liana	Roots, leaves	Poisonous, colds, emetic, purgative, chest pains, wounds, malaria, menstrual cramps	[74,142,150]
Capparis tomentosa Lam.	Liana	Roots, leaves, fruits	Respiratory problems, determine unborn baby’s sex, poisonous to camels, emetic/purgative, cough, colds/flu, back/bone joint problems, prostate cancer, wounds, burns, muscle ailment, painkiller, female infertility, menstrual problems	[41,77,88,105,136,142,145,150]
Capparis viminea Oliv.	Liana	Roots	Venereal diseases, infertility, septic swelling, poisonous	[127,142,168]
Crateva adansonii DC.	Shrub/tree		Amoebiasis	[132]
Crateva kirkii (Oliv.) Christenh. & Byng	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Wounds	[142]
Maerua angolensis DC.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, fruits	Toothache, colds, poison, wounds	[134,136]
Maerua crassifolia Forssk.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, bark	Wound, stomachache	[132,142]
Maerua denhardtiorum Gilg	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Eye infection	[77]
Maerua edulis (Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) DeWolf	Shrub	Roots, bark	Sore joints, stimulant, amoeba, diabetes, stomach problems, eye problems, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy	[67,86,100,139,142,143]
Maerua endlichii Gilg & Gilg-Ben.	Shrub	Stems, roots, leaves	Swollen/bruised skin, purgative, wounds, snakebites/spits, swollen diaphragm	[14,51,77,80]
Maerua kirkii (Oliv.) F.White	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Constipation and stomach disorders, wounds, sore throat	[80,100]
Maerua subcordata (Gilg) DeWolf	Tree	Roots, leaves	Colic pain, anorexia, blood cleanser, pneumonia, mites, bone/joint pains, gland complications, stomachache, toothache, women’s health, malaria	[14,80,88,137]
Maerua triphylla A. Rich.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, shoots,	Wounds, aphrodisiac, headache, tonic, STIs, gonorrhea, backache, toothache, chest congestion, skin disorders, burns, boils, eye lotion, diarrhea, aphrodisiac, bone pain, pain in pregnancy, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, eye problems, rheumatism, venereal diseases, cuts, sores, rheumatoid, arthritis, mouth blisters	[72,76,77,88,90,99,113,136,138,140,143,152,168]
Caricaceae
Carica papaya L. (exotic)	Tree	Roots, leaves, stems, bark, exudate	STIs, malaria, gonorrhea, pneumonia, afterbirth pains, allergies, asthma, back/joint/bone problems, body weakness, chest problems, constipation, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, diarrhea, heartburn, injuries/cuts, wounds, chicken diseases, retained placenta, prostrate problems, rheumatism, skin diseases, anthelmintic, stomach disorders, typhoid, toothache, ulcers, syphilis, lung ailment, amoeba, respiratory, pneumonia, miscarriage,cervical/colorectal/breast, skin problems, ringworms, bronchitis, venereal diseases, gastrointestinal problems, diuretic, cattle cough, induce labor	[14,41,74,84,96,98,106,107,108,113,116,117,119,139,143,146,150]
Caryophyllaceae
Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult.	Herb	Aerial parts	Fever	[144]
Pollichia campestris Aiton	Herb	Roots	Malaria, emetic	[67]
Stellaria media (L.) Vill.	Herb	Leaves	Heartburn, cough, sore throat, skin diseases	[168]
Celastraceae
Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl.	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, leaves, aerial parts	Skin diseases, TB, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, diarrhea, livestock flu, rheumatism, fatigue, toothache, gonorrhea, stimulant, gum, acidity, pneumonia, malaria, STI’s	[14,41,67,72,74,77,104,106,120,146,147,168]
Elaeodendron buchananii (Loes.) Loes.	Tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Cuts, wounds, syphilis, respiratory disorders, diarrhea, urinary tract problems, malaria, stomach problems, sores, earache, poisonous to livestock and human, kidney problems	[89,104,105,123,138,142,168]
Gymnosporia arbutifolia (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Loes.	Shrub/tree	Fruit, leaf, stems, bark, root	Malaria, wound, acaricide, cough, tuberculosis, general body itching	[103,119,133,140]
Gymnosporia buchananii Loes.	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots	Stomachache, cancer	[99,145]
Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes.	Shrub/tree	Bark, leaves, roots, fruits, stems	Headache, diabetes, gonorrhea, malaria, wounds, infertility in women, eye inflammation, prenatal care, venereal diseases, liver problems, breathing problems, STIs, gut problems, syphilis, boils, acaricide, chest pain	[71,77,99,103,104,116,120,127,133,135,136,143,144,152]
Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Prenatal care	[127]
Gymnosporia obscura (A.Rich.) Loes.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Arthritis, cancer of breast and prostate glands	[84,154]
Gymnosporia putterlickioides Loes.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Joint pains, diarrhea, toothache, ear infections, malaria, tonic, stomachache, abdominal pains	[77,80,96,104,129,138,139]
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes.	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, aerial parts, leaves, stems, fruits	Malaria, gynecological conditions, lumbago, blood cleanser, amoebiasis, back/joint/bone problems, constipation, cough, colds/flu, fever, indigestion, malaria, stomach disorders, mild stimulant, TB, stomachache, toothache, boils, arthritis, body aches, stomachache, acaricide, poison, pregnancy pain, good health of fetus, anthrax, wounds, sores, respiratory system, chest complaints, diarrhea, dysentery, gastrointestinal diseases, menstrual pain, eye infections, nausea, severe headache, aphrodisiac, kidney problems	[14,41,64,68,72,76,79,80,84,88,105,107,124,128,129,133,140,142,144,146,147,168]
Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) R.Wilczek	Liana	Roots, leaves	Gastrointestinal pains, diarrhea, colorectal/skin/breast cancer, aphrodisiac, male impotency	[117,127,168]
Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes.	Shrub/tree		Tonic, stronger bones	[142,168]
Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, stems, leaves	Diarrhea, antiseptic, wounds, teething, diarrhea, false teeth, tonic, malaria, stomach disorders, laxative, general body wellness	[14,67,77,100,103,109,127,142,152]
Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes.	Shrub/tree	Bark, leaves, roots, seeds	Pneumonia, colic pain in children, stomach disorder, antiseptic, colic pain	[67,77,89,107,135]
Chrysobalanaceae
Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth.	Tree	Bark	Bleedings, diarrhea, injuries, cuts, wounds, malaria	[41,104]
Cleomaceae
Cleome gynandra L.	Herb	Roots, leaves, stems, whole plant	Stomachache, colic pain in infants, ear infection, blood cleanser, diarrhea, leprosy, acaricide, typhoid, stomach problems, conjunctivitis, thread worms, stomach congestion, facilitate birth, epileptic fits, malaria, retained afterbirth	[66,76,78,79,88,91,108,120,132,133,144,147]
Cleome strigosa (Bojer) Oliv.	Herb	Leaves	Earache	[134]
Cleome usambarica Pax	Herb	Roots	Eye problems, tonic	[136]
Clusiaceae
Garcinia buchananii Baker	Tree	Twig, bark, root, fruit	Stomach problems, diabetes mellitus, chest pain, asthma, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, respiratory symptoms in livestock, acaricide	[82,85,131,133]
Garcinia livingstonei T.Anderson	Tree	Bark, roots	Childbirth pains, stomach disorder, tonic, typhoid, stomachache, teeth problems, liver pain and enlargement	[67,77,132,140]
Colchicaceae
Gloriosa superba L.	Herb	Whole plant, roots, exudate	Abortifacient, poison, abdominal pains, wounds	[89,134,141,143,144,168]
Combretaceae
Combretum aculeatum Vent.	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Stomachache, constipation, wounds, sores, malaria, gonorrhea, back pains, hepatitis, dysentery, hiccup, retained placenta, abdominal pains	[14,72,77,80,139]
Combretum apiculatum Sond.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Stomach pains, eye infections, hypertension, female infertility, gonorrhea, skin diseases, bloody urine, scorpion bite, diarrhea, snakebites, cancer, ear problems	[14,80,86,91,99,119]
Combretum collinum Fresen.	Shrub/tree	Root, bark, leaves, exudate	Infertility in women, snakebites, amoebiasis, back/bone joints problems, cough, colds/flu, diarrhea, malaria, pneumonia, stomach disorders, TB, typhoid, acaricide, gastrointestinal problems, dysentery	[41,79,87,126,133,143]
Combretum exalatum Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy	[139]
Combretum hereroense Schinz	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Chest pains, tuberculosis, cough	[51,127]
Combretum illairii Engl.	Shrub/liana	Leaves, bark, roots	Venereal diseases, cough, colds, malaria, female infertility	[75,127,150]
Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don	Shrub/tree	Leaves, bark, roots, stems, branches	STI’s, backache, respiratory problems, kidney problems, back/joint problems, cough, colds/flu, diarrhea, general body pains, malaria, medicine antidote, typhoid, warts, liver disease, sore throat, rib pain, stomachache, boils, gonorrhea, snakebites, acaricide, gastrointestinal problems, colic pain, typhoid, abortion, leprosy, fever, pain, hookworm, bone fractures, abdominal pain, constipation, anthelmintic, dysentery, headache, HIV infections	[76,77,79,80,84,90,105,107,116,118,119,133,135,138,140,145,168]
Combretum mossambicense (Klotzsch) Engl.	Shrub	Exudate	Earache	[80]
Combretum padoides Engl. & Diels	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Bloody diarrhea, wounds, conjunctivitis, malaria	[75,111]
Combretum paniculatum Vent.	Shrub/liana	Roots, seeds	Poisonous, STIs, joint ailments, stomachache, birth pains, fever	[142,144]
Combretum pentagonum M.A.Lawson	Liana	Leaves	Headache	[142]
Combretum schumannii Engl.	Shrub/liana	Bark	Reproductive disorder, body swellings	[150]
Combretum zeyheri Sond.	Tree		Stomach disorders	[41]
Terminalia brownii Fresen.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Skin disorders emetic, fevers, colds, cholera, flu, cough, eye problems, malaria, jaundice, amoebiasis, back/bone problems, diabetes, family planning, inflammations, injuries, cuts/wounds, livestock diseases, pneumonia, rheumatism, stomach disorders, STIs, yellow fever, ulcers, clotting agent (human, cattle), joint stiffness/pains, excessive bleeding after birth, sterilize dogs, induce abortion, syphilis, gonorrhea, heartburn, jaundice, arthritis, trypanosomiasis, prevent second trimester abortion, pregnancy edema, pregnancy anemia, allergy, kidney, family planning, abdominal/colic pains, cancer, blindness, typhoid, stomachache, teeth problems, waterborne diseases, asthma, urinary tract infection, dysmenorrhea, debility, abdominal pains, allergy, abortion, ringworm, anthelmintic in (human, animals), toothache, poison for hunting, infertility, edema, chest pains, reddening of child’s anal pore, retained placenta, appetizer, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, diarrhea	[14,41,51,64,68,74,80,81,84,85,86,91,96,98,100,104,105,106,129,130,132,137,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,148,151]
Terminalia kilimandscharica Engl.	Tree	Bark	Cough, STI’s	[153]
Terminalia mollis M.A.Lawson	Shrub/tree	Stems, roots, bark	Gut problems, diarrhea, stomachache, acaricide	[116,133]
Terminalia orbicularis Engl. & Diels	Shrub/tree	Bark	Bone/joint pain	[137]
Terminalia prunioides M.A.Lawson	Shrub/tree	Bark, leaves	Postnatal pains, mild madness, ringworms, peptic ulcers, kidney pains, aphrodisiac	[51,80,142]
Terminalia spinosa Engl.	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots	Stomach ailments, jaundice, malaria, sore throat	[91,100,127,142]
Terminalia tetraptera (Wickens) Gere & Boatwr.	Tree	Bark	Venereal diseases, wounds, men aphrodisiac	[150]
Commelinaceae
Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) G.Don	Herb	Whole plant, leaves, flowers	Malnutrition, colds, ocular disorders, children fever	[77,89,134]
Aneilema leiocaule K.Schum.	Herb		Cough in children	[136]
Aneilema spekei C.B.Clarke	Herb	Whole plant, leaves	Fever, swollen organs, stomach ailments and emaciation in animals	[92,144]
Commelina africana L.	Herb	Leaves, exudate, whole plant	Stillbirth, fever, wounds, eyes, earache, colds, cough, sores, diseases of the ear, hemostatic when umbilical cord cut, immune booster	[14,99,105,115,136,140,141,144,145]
Commelina albescens Hassk.	Herb		Children’s fever	[77]
Commelina benghalensis L.	Herb	Leaves, exudate	Eye problems, children’s diseases, dislocations, injuries, cuts/wounds, colds, earache, eye infections, cough	[41,67,74,95,115,127,136,168]
Commelina erecta L.	Herb	Spathe	Sores	[140]
Commelina foliacea Chiov.	Herb		Children’s fever, cough in children	[77,136]
Commelina imberbis Ehrenb. ex Hassk.	Herb	Whole, flower	Children’s cough, fever	[72,99]
Commelina ramulosa (C.B.Clarke) H.Perrier (exotic)	Herb		Malaria	[124]
Cyanotis foecunda DC. ex Hassk.	Herb		Cough in children	[136]
Cyanotis lanata Benth.	Herb	Shoots, leaves	Ulcers in animals, knee problems, thinning in humans, fever, heart ailments	[144]
Compositae
Acanthospermum glabratum (DC.) Wild (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Broken limbs, boils	[66,144]
Acmella caulirhiza Delile	Herb	Leaves, flowers, aerial parts, whole plant, fruits, bark	Malaria, oral thrush, ulcers, nasal congestion, diarrhea, spinal cord problem, halitosis, toothache, afterbirth, oral cavity infections, diabetes, fever, cough, mouth ulcers, ringworms, wounds, ear discharge, craniotomy (surgery), gingivitis, bad smell, gum diseases, stomachache, sore throat, insect repellant, broken limps	[77,83,86,88,89,91,101,102,109,115,119,120,122,123,132,138,141,143,144,152,168]
Ageratum conyzoides L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, roots	Eye problems, mouth sores, tetanus, wounds, chest pains, rheumatism, malaria, stomachache, injury/cuts, bloody diarrhea, bronchitis, poisonous to livestock, hemostatic, stop epistaxis, sore eyes, bowel problems	[76,84,95,104,118,119,143,144,146,147,168]
Artemisia abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. (exotic)	Shrub	Leaves	Heavy menstruation (menorrhagia), livestock diseases, common colds	[86,87]
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd.	Shrub	Whole plant, roots, leaves	ECF, malaria, anthelmintic, colds, influenza, fever, ear drop, abdominal pain, expectorant, cough, headache, loss of appetite	[99,104,105,120,132,141,147,168]
Artemisia annua L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Asthma, malaria, cough	[14,41,98,104]
Aspilia mossambicensis (Oliv.) Wild	Herb/shrub	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Stomachache, cough, pneumonia, yellow fever, wounds, diarrhea, poison antidote, malaria, postpartum hemorrhage, prevent first/second trimester abortion, vomiting, pregnancy edema, sore eyes/gums, ulcers (animals), bums, eye diseases, anthrax, cuts, contraceptive, retained placenta	[14,74,80,81,104,140,143,145,147,151,168]
Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. ex Engl.	Herb/shrub	Leaves, roots	Wounds, drippy nose in poultry, postpartum pain, headache, cuts, snakebites, diabetes mellitus, malaria, skin diseases, liver damage, anthelmintic, coagulant, anthrax, pimples, postpartum pains, gastrointestinal problems, joint diseases, eye diseases, contraceptive, stomachache, fever, edema	[51,79,85,96,104,106,113,115,119,125,143,144,149,168]
Baccharoides adoensis (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) H.Rob.	Shrub	Roots, leaves, whole plant, bark	Eye infections, malaria, TB, gastrointestinal disorders, heart/kidney diseases, stomachache, acaricide, livestock diseases, anthelmintic, gonorrhea	[79,99,119,133,142,144]
Baccharoides hymenolepis (A.Rich.) Isawumi, El-Ghazaly & B.Nord.	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Stomachache, abdominal pains, purgative, infantile jaundice	[99,119,141,143]
Baccharoides lasiopus (O.Hoffm.) H.Rob.	Shrub	Leaves, roots, whole plant, bark, stems	Malaria, stomachache, shoulder pains, backache, pneumonia, scurvy, chest pains, burns, colds, spinal cord problem, typhoid, allergies, amoeba, asthma, cancer, dental problems, diabetes, heartburn, hypertension, inflammation, tonsils in cows, loose bladder, reduces addiction, reduces menstrual flow, rheumatism, skin diseases, STIs, stomach disorders, lungs, dog poison, acidity, nausea, sexual weakness, rashes, cough, diabetes, crop pests, prevent first/second trimester abortion, vomiting, colorectal cancer, postpartum pains, skin rashes, diarrhea, sore throat, acaricide, scabies, venereal diseases, maggot in sores, human/sheep anthelmintic, suppurating ear, skin diseases, appetizer, aphrodisiac, menstrual pains, fever	[41,67,74,81,83,84,99,103,104,106,109,115,117,118,129,131,133,138,142,143,144,145,146,147,152,168]
Berkheya spekeana Oliv.	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Arthritis, indigestion, amoeba, sores on lips/tongue, abdominal pains	[99,132,140,141,154]
Bidens hildebrandtii O.Hoffm.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Stomach disorders, malaria	[77]
Bidens pilosa L.	Herb	Leaves, roots, shoots, whole plant, flowers, aerial parts, stems	Eye problems, snakebites, aphrodisiac, infertility, skin infections, hemorrhage, stomachache, amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, dizziness, ear-nose-throat problems, eye problems, heartburns, injuries/cuts/wounds, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatism, STIs, stomach disorders, ear complications, toothache, eye inflammation, malaria, ringworms, gonorrhea, sore eyes, postpartum hemorrhage, milk letdown, first/second trimester abortion, skin/throat cancer, anthelmintic, coagulant, diarrhea, stomach upsets, acaricide, rashes, diabetes, urinary disorders, liver/kidney problems, diabetes	[14,41,74,81,84,86,88,95,104,106,108,109,113,115,117,122,126,132,133,138,143,144,145,146,147,168]
Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC.	Herb	Roots	Gonorrhea	[99]
Bothriocline longipes (Oliv. & Hiern) N.E.Br.	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Sores, sore throat, fever, malaria, strength and hygiene on babies	[67,136]
Brachylaena huillensis O.Hoffm.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Gastrointestinal complaints	[150]
Carduus keniensis R.E.Fr.	Herb	Roots	Spinal cord problems	[109]
Carduus schimperi Sch.Bip.	Herb	Whole plant	Arthritis	[154]
Chrysanthemum indicum L. (exotic)	Herb	Whole plant	Cough	[78]
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.	Herb	Leaves, twigs, whole plant	Arthritis, heartburn	[91,154]
Conyza newii Oliv. & Hiern	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Backache, pimples, expectorant	[77,109,141]
Cotula anthemoides L.	Herb	Leaves	HIV/AIDs, cough	[143]
Crassocephalum montuosum (S.Moore) Milne-Redh.	Herb	Roots, shoots	Infertility in women	[144]
Crassocephalum picridifolium (DC.) S.Moore	Herb	Roots	Stomachache	[144]
Crassocephalum vitellinum (Benth.) S.Moore	Herb	Flowers, leaves	Stomach complications, malaria, mouth infection in babies, remove particles from eyes, wounds/burns	[109,168]
Crepis carbonaria Sch.Bip.	Herb	Flowers	Assist in parturition	[67]
Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia (Blume) DC.	Herb		Poisonous to cattle	[168]
Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze	Herb	Fruits, leaves, seeds	Oral cavity infections, memory loss, measles, skin growths, stomach ailments, diarrhea, head rashes	[119,123,144,147,154]
Echinops amplexicaulis Oliv.	Herb	Roots	Arthritis, chronic cough	[140,154]
Echinops angustilobus S.Moore	Herb	Roots	STIs	[120]
Echinops hispidus Fresen.	Herb	Roots	Chest congestion	[86]
Emilia coccinea (Sims) G.Don	Herb		Stomach problems	[115]
Emilia discifolia (Oliv.) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Stomach ailments, constipation, nausea, amoeba, body aches, fatigue, malaria, clean womb, skin rashes, allergy, ringworm, peptic ulcers, pregnancy stomachache, aching bones, infantile diseases that causes disability, appetizer, anthelmintic, eye infection, chronic asthma, eye infection	[14,78,84,140,143,144,147]
Erigeron bonariensis L. (exotic)	Herb	Roots, leaves, stems	Toothache, snakebites, stomachache, back pain in women, postpartum pain, ringworms, wounds, headache, malaria, meningitis, arthritis, heartburn, oral thrush, gonorrhea, diarrhea, measles, stomach ailments, rashes, boils, itching, liver diseases, dysentery, anaplasmosis (cattle), heartburn, STIs, colds, throat/breast/squamous cell carcinoma of the gums, appetizer, tonsils, skin pimples, throat infections, backache, pimples, sore throat, postpartum pains, fever	[74,86,99,113,115,117,118,119,120,122,125,126,146,147,152,154,168]
Erigeron canadensis L. (exotic)	Herb		Toothache	[41]
Erigeron karvinskianus DC. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Heartburn, oral thrush, sore throat, cough	[86,144]
Erythrocephalum marginatum (O.Hoffm.) S.Ortiz & A.P.Cout.	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Restore penile erection and sexual vigor, liver pains, malaria	[96,106,127,129]
Eschenbachia subscaposa (O.Hoffm.) G.L.Nesom	Herb	Roots, leaves	Obesity, breast cancer, tonsils	[78]
Ethulia scheffleri S.Moore	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Malaria	[67]
Ethulia vernonioides (Schweinf.) M.G.Gilbert	Herb	Roots	Retained placenta	[67]
Euryops jacksonii S.Moore	Herb	Flowers	Assist childbirth	[67]
Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, roots	Wounds, tetanus, cough, colds, diabetes, colorectal, skin care cancer, skin sores/ulcers	[14,83,117,141,147]
Gutenbergia cordifolia Benth. ex Oliv.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Skin problems, oral cavity infections, stomachache, malaria, livestock diseases and hard dung, ticks, giardiasis, emetic, measles, eye ailments	[68,79,82,97,107,123,138,143,144,168]
Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip.	Shrub/tree	Whole plant, roots, leaves	Abdominal pains, arthritis, meningitis, malaria, typhoid, epilepsy, diarrhea, stomachache, stiches, acaricide, gastrointestinal problems, typhoid, amoebiasis, teeth-problems, constipation, flatulence, menstrual problems, cuts, trematode/termite control	[64,76,79,87,101,116,132,133,144]
Gymnanthemum auriculiferum (Hiern) Isawumi	Shrub	Bark, roots, leaves	Stomachache, earache, chest pains, anthelmintic, menstrual pains, livestock diseases, heartburn, peptic ulcers, labor, malaria, pain in male private parts, after birth pains, amoebiasis, bilharzia, gastritis, measles, typhoid, cough, colds, mouth wounds, snakebites, eye problem, headache, influenza, kidney stones, wounds, venereal diseases, diarrhea in cattle	[41,88,103,104,119,120,132,144,147,152,168]
Gymnanthemum myrianthum (Hook.f.) H.Rob.	Shrub	Root, bark	Heartburn, oral thrush, impotence, anthrax, abdominal pains	[86,141]
Gynura scandens O.Hoffm.	Herb	Leaves	Fever	[144]
Gynura valeriana Oliv.	Herb	Whole plant	Fever, mouth rashes, wounds	[144]
Helichrysum formosissimum Sch.Bip.	Shrubs	Leaves	Sores on cattle	[67]
Helichrysum forskahlii (J.F.Gmel.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt	Herb/shrub	Whole plant, roots	Nausea, vomiting, toothache, headache, stomachache	[71,99]
Helichrysum globosum Sch.Bip.	Herb	Roots	Expel placenta, chronic cough	[99,140]
Helichrysum glumaceum DC.	Herb	Roots	Pregnancy edema	[81]
Helichrysum luteoalbum (L.) Rchb. (exotic)	Herb	Stems, leaves	Tonic	[67]
Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less.	Herb	Leaves	Tonic, keep illness away	[67]
Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet	Herb		Anthelminthic, cough, headache, wounds, repel fleas and lice	[115,168]
Helichrysum schimperi (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) Moeser	Shrub	Leaves, roots, stems	Stomachache, wounds, colds, malaria, stomach disorders, fever, nausea, cough, inflammation	[99,109,131,152,168]
Hirpicium diffusum (O.Hoffm.) Roessler	Herb	Whole plant	Eye lotion	[77]
Hoffmannanthus abbotianus (O.Hoffm.) H.Rob., S.C.Keeley & Skvarla	Liana	Roots, stems, bark, leaves	Pneumonia, wounds, stomachache, cough, malaria, eye infections, stomach acidity, constipation, poisoning, first/second trimester abortion, vomiting, skin rashes, emetic, typhoid, joint pain/brucellosis/ back pain, fecal impaction in babies/children, anaplasmosis	[14,67,71,72,77,81,84,91,103,104,107,131,140,141,142,144,146,147,152,168]
Jeffreycia hildebrandtii (Vatke) H.Rob., S.C.Keeley & Skvarla	Herb/shrub	Roots	Convulsions, stomach trouble, snakebite antidote	[127,142]
Jeffreycia usambarensis (O.Hoffm.) H.Rob., S.C.Keeley & Skvarla	Shrub	Flowers	Cause eyes sores	[142]
Kleinia petraea (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Whole plant, leaves	Abdominal pains, sore eyes	[141,168]
Kleinia squarrosa Cufod.	Shrub	Stems, aerial parts, bark, leaves	Asthma, amenorrhea, syphilis, jaundice, malaria, edema, cholera, thrombosis, second trimester abortion, pregnancy edema, measles, smallpox, diarrhea in poultry	[51,81,96,102,106]
Lactuca inermis Forssk.	Herb	Roots, whole plant, leaves	Joint pains, cough, stomachache, rheumatism, diabetes, heartburn, gonorrhea, syphilis	[74,83,99,130,147]
Laggera brevipes Oliv. & Hiern	Herb	Roots, leaves	Snakebite, measles, afterbirth pains, toothache, suppurating ears, baby skin care	[14,99,126,168]
Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood	Herb	Leaves, roots	Hiccups, colds, measles	[99,144]
Laggera elatior R.E.Fr.	Herb	Roots	Liver problems, gonorrhea, afterbirth pains, toothache, suppurating ears	[152,168]
Launaea cornuta (Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Leaves, exudate, whole plant, leaves, shoots	Chira, chronic joint pains, malaria, amoebiasis, diabetes, appetizer, aphrodisiac, stomach disorders, typhoid, anthelmintic, chest pain, throat cancer, ulcers, dysentery, breast/prostate cancer, stomachache, warts, toothache, liver problems, coccidiosis in poultry, measles, stop sneezing, swollen testicles, smallpox, edema	[14,41,51,83,84,86,96,106,108,111,112,129,130,139,144,168]
Linzia glabra Steetz	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Snakebites, boils, stomach ailments, post/partum hemorrhage, first/second trimester abortion, diarrhea, gastrointestinal problems, stomach problems, menstrual problems, oral thrush, fever	[79,81,122,126,143,144,147]
Lipotriche scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Orchard	Shrub	Leaves	Teeth infections	[144]
Microglossa densiflora Hook.f.	Shrub	Leaves, roots, stems	Pneumonia, wounds, stomachache, menstrual pains, backache	[99,152]
Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze	Shrub	Leaves, roots, whole plant	Malaria, boils, abscesses, arthritis, emetic, gum aches, eye lotion, skin rashes, measles, cough, nose bleeding, colorectal/skin/breast cancer, expel placenta, joints, wounds, toothache, acaricide, snakebites, gastrointestinal problems, promote fetal alignment or labor, colds, stomachache, anthrax, mental illness, skin infections, promote appetitepremature birth	[67,77,79,94,98,101,104,115,117,119,126,133,142,143,144,147,154,168]
Microglossa pyrrhopappa (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) Agnew	Herb/shrub	Leaves, roots	Malaria, abdominal pains	[67,141]
Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Measles	[144]
Orbivestus karaguensis (Oliv. & Hiern) H.Rob.	Herb		Anthrax	[143]
Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Tonic	[67]
Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC.	Shrub	Leaves	Infantile ailments, pregnancy pains	[142]
Psiadia punctulata Vatke	Shrub	Leaves, roots, bark, flowers	Abdominal pains, STIs, ectoparasites (ticks, fleas), insecticide, wounds, burns, malaria, scabies, skin infection, diarrhea, urinary problems, cough, sore throat, colds, afterbirth pains, inflammation, brucellosis, gonorrhea, edema, aphrodisiac, infertility, vertigo, abdominal pains, sexual stimulant, female conditions, headache, afterbirth pains	[68,71,72,76,77,91,97,99,105,107,113,115,140,141,142,143,144,168]
Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell.	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Malaria, joint pains, diabetes, fever, meningitis, stomach disorders, stomachache, colds/flu, wounds, gastrointestinal problems, plague, gingivitis, HIV/AIDs, abdominal pains during menstruation, vomiting	[14,41,76,79,84,103,104,115,118,129,130,132,143,147,153]
Senecio hadiensis Forssk.	Liana	Roots, leaves, stems	Malaria, diarrhea, myalgia, kidney diseases, blood cleanser, baby tonic, colds	[72,88,109,141,152]
Senecio lyratus Forssk.	Herb	Roots	Fever	[77]
Senecio moorei R.E.Fr.	Herb/shrub		Cough	[125]
Senecio syringifolius O.Hoffm.	Liana	Leaves, roots	Wounds, eye inflammation, stomachache, malaria	[111,152]
Solanecio angulatus (Vahl) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Roots, stems, leaves, bark	Mouth wash/teeth cleaning, livestock diseases, aphrodisiac, pneumonia, prostate cancer, STIs, whooping cough, backache, colds, gonorrhea	[41,77,107,135,147]
Solanecio cydoniifolius (O.Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Leaves	Skin rashes, joint pains	[77,119]
Solanecio mannii (Hook.f.) C.Jeffrey	Tree	Roots, leaves, fruits, whole plant	Snakebites, STIs, malaria, livestock, spinal cord problem, colds, chest infections, heartburn, dental problems, poison antidote, rheumatism, arthritis, sprains, boils, scurvy, wounds, stomach ailments, purgative, anaplasmosis (cow), trypanosomiasis (cow, goat), skin/breast/colorectal cancer, skin diseases, acaricide, sterility, itchy rash, abdominal pains, livestock fever, stomachache, cancer, pneumonia, cough, epilepsy, typhoid	[41,73,74,77,78,91,109,113,117,119,120,126,131,133,141,143,145,147,152,154,168]
Solanecio nandensis (S.Moore) C.Jeffrey	Liana	Stems, leaves	Malaria, stomachache, breast/colorectal cancer	[117,131]
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill	Herb	Roots, whole plant, leaves	Amoeba, diabetes, erectile dysfunction (impotence), tonsils, cough	[41,78,83,84]
Sonchus luxurians (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Diabetes	[83]
Sonchus oleraceus L.	Herb	Roots, leaves	Gonorrhea, STIs, diabetes, typhoid, liver problems	[83,113,115,168]
Sonchus schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern	Herb	Leaves, roots	Gastrointestinal problems, sore throat, neck pains	[79,143,144]
Sphaeranthus bullatus Mattf.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Tonic, first/second trimester abortion, vomiting, pregnancy edema	[67,81]
Sphaeranthus confertifolius Robyns	Shrub	Fruits, leaves, roots, stems	Smoothen skin, skin conditions	[135]
Sphaeranthus kirkii Oliv. & Hiern	Herb	Leaves, aerial parts	Swollen legs during pregnancy, malaria, edema	[51,139]
Sphaeranthus steetzii Oliv. & Hiern	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Medicine for pregnancy, diarrhea, cough, inflammation, difficulty in breathing, skin ulcers/rashes, madness	[77,122,140,144]
Sphaeranthus suaveolens DC.	Herb	Leaves, flowers, whole plant, shoots, fruits	Postpartum pain, nasal congestion, malaria, retained afterbirth, stomachache, rheumatism, cough, sore throat, flu, eye ailments	[67,103,104,113,144,152,168]
Sphaeranthus ukambensis Vatke & O.Hoffm.	Herb	Stems, roots	Food poisoning, stomachache, baby fever	[91,139]
Tagetes minuta L. (exotic)	Herb	Bark, leaves, whole plant, roots, flowers, shoots	Fever, infertility, polio, muscle ache, nose bleeding, malaria, meningitis, amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, diabetes, headache, herbicide, injuries/cuts, wounds, skin diseases, TB, arthritis, asthma, toothache, control cockroaches/fleas, mosquito/ant repellant, ectoparasites (cow, poultry), skin diseases, stomachache, toothache, abdominal pains, ulcers	[41,66,73,76,77,78,109,113,115,118,119,120,122,129,133,141,143,144,146,147,152,154,168]
Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevis.) Sch.Bip. (exotic)	Herb	Flower, leaves, stems, aerial parts	General ectoparasites i.e., mites, lice, flea infestation (cow, poultry), tick infestation (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig)	[73,133]
Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum F.H.Wigg. (exotic)	Herb	Roots, shoots	Barrenness, afterbirth pains	[144]
Tarchonanthus camphoratus L.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, stems, roots, bark	General body fatigue, wounds, skin infections, asthma, cough, bronchitis, fever, constipation, gastrointestinal diseases, vitamin, nausea, headache, chest diseases	[71,99,107,109,140,152,168]
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray (exotic)	Shrub	Leaves, roots, bark, whole plant, flowers, stems	Indigestion, sprains, livestock diseases, malaria, snakebites, stomachache, headache, joint pains, typhoid, amoebiasis, contagious diseases, cough, colds/flu, insecticides, chicken diseases, pesticide, pneumonia, stomach disorders, anthelmintic, herbicide, diabetes mellitus, sore throat, liver problems, livestock weakness, ectoparasites (cow), helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), tonsils, jiggers, acaricide, anaplasmosis, pimples, wounds, gastrointestinal problems, asthma, skin diseases, venereal diseases	[41,66,73,79,82,84,87,98,101,104,106,108,115,118,119,122,126,129,130,133,143,144,146,168]
Tridax procumbens L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, stems	Dental problems, injuries/cuts, wounds, malaria, stomachache, toothache	[14,41,51,67,99,147]
Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake	Shrub	Roots	Anthelmintic, cough, pneumonia, stomachache	[74]
Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less.	Herb	Leaves	Eye lotion, eye problems	[77,136]
Vernonia holstii O.Hoffm.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Abdominal pains, tonsils	[99,100]
Connaraceae
Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Baill.	Shrub/liana	Roots	Impotence	[144]
Convolvulaceae
Astripomoea grantii (Rendle) Verdc.	Herb	Leaves	Chronic headache	[144]
Astripomoea hyoscyamoides (Vatke) Verdc.	Herb	Leaves	Typhoid	[144]
Astripomoea malvacea (Klotzsch) A.Meeuse	Herb	Roots	Malaria, stomach dysentery, constipation	[74]
Cuscuta australis R.Br.	Herb	Whole plant	Typhoid, diarrhea	[119]
Cuscuta campestris Yunck.	Herb	Exudate	Scabies, pimples, warts, boils	[168]
Cuscuta kilimanjari Oliv.	Herb	Bark, whole plant	Pregnancy edema, stomach pains	[81,84]
Dichondra repens J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Snakebites, skin wounds, ringworms	[118,126]
Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Diarrhea, wounds, oral thrush	[76,143]
Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh	Herb	Roots	Stomach swellings, constipation, pain	[144]
Hildebrandtia obcordata S.Moore	Shrub	Roots	Constipation	[142]
Hildebrandtia sepalosa Rendle	Shrub	Roots	Stomach problems, upper respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal complications	[72,116]
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, stems, exudate	Wounds from poisoned arrows, acaricide	[133,147]
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet	Herb	Leaves, roots	Breast/cervical/skin cancer, colds, measles	[117,119]
Ipomoea hildebrandtii Vatke	Shrub	Exudate	Fungal infections	[143]
Ipomoea jaegeri Pilg.	Shrub	Roots	Emetic, gonorrhea	[67,77]
Ipomoea kituiensis Vatke	Shrub	Leaves, roots, stems	Stomachache, typhoid, constipation, digestive disorders, cough, remove thorn from flesh, snake poison	[41,76,80,98,100,108,142]
Ipomoea lapidosa Vatke	Liana	Twigs, roots, leaves, stems	Ocular disorders, toothache, paresthesia, blood cleanser, STIs	[88,91]
Ipomoea longituba Hallier f.	Shrub	Roots	Kwashiorkor	[138]
Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl.	Herb	Leaves	Anthrax	[147]
Ipomoea spathulata Hallier f.	Shrub	Roots, exudates, leaves	Eyes problems, eye lotion, ringworms, diarrhea, tonic, infertility	[72,76,77,99,136,141]
Ipomoea tenuirostris Choisy	Herb	Leaves	Rheumatism	[99,141]
Ipomoea wightii (Wall.) Choisy	Herb	Exudate	Cuts/wounds	[152]
Cornaceae
Cornus volkensii Harms	Tree		Typhoid, amoeba, stomachache, vomiting	[132]
Crassulaceae
Cotyledon barbeyi Schweinf. ex Baker	Herb	Leaves	Teeth problem, skin infections, stomach complications, spinal cord problem, painful parts of the body, fatigue pains, rheumatism	[67,109,142]
Crassula granvikii Mildbr.	Herb	Shoots, leaves	Rheumatism and thinning, black water, dermatitis, increase blood, swelling of stomach/legs/whole body	[144]
Crassula schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey.	Herb		Wounds	[136]
Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw.	Herb	Leaves, exudate	Navel infections in children, swollen areas for muscle sprain and myalgia, stomach problems, bruises, wounds, umbilical cord problem, rashes, disinfectant	[87,89,109,132]
Kalanchoe densiflora Rolfe	Herb	Leaves, roots, stems	Eye problems, joint pains, stomachache, umbilical cord, wounds, muscle pains, fast heartbeat, heartburn, heartache, skin problems, rheumatism, muscular/bone dislocations, dermatitis, arthritis, dislocated joints, stiff/swollen muscles, liver problems, boils, whitlow, edema, poisonous, swollen body, abortifacient	[14,67,72,94,95,119,131,136,143,144,152,154,168]
Kalanchoe glaucescens Britten	Herb	Leaves	Rheumatism	[67]
Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forssk.) Pers.	Herb	Leaves, flowers	Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, blood cleanser, rheumatism	[67,88]
Kalanchoe marmorata Baker	Herb	Leaves	Stiff muscles, liver problems, skin diseases, diarrhea and foot rot in sheep	[168]
Kalanchoe obtusa Engl.	Herb	Whole plant	Children’s diseases, pesticide	[127]
Kalanchoe prittwitzii Engl.	Herb	Leaves	Stiff joints, rheumatism	[67]
Cucurbitaceae
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai	Herb		Cleanse blood	[41]
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Diarrhea, snoring, abdominal pains	[76,91,143]
Cucumis aculeatus Cogn.	Herb	Leaves, fruits, exudate	Malaria, livestock diseases, anaplasmosis (cow, ruminant), helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), loss of feathers (poultry), cough, ECF, emetic, nausea, appetite	[14,67,73,101,114,115,140]
Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach	Herb	Fruits, roots, leaves	Abdominal pains, acidity, emetic, gastrointestinal problems, emetic, hasten delivery, cathartic, hemorrhoids	[79,86,91,143,147]
Cucumis engleri (Gilg) Ghebret. & Thulin	Herb	Roots	Malaria	[67]
Cucumis ficifolius A.Rich.	Herb	Leaves, roots, bark, whole plant	Malaria, stomach complications, Chira, constipation, emetic, abdominal pains, bloody stool	[14,108,109,114,119,141,168]
Cucumis prophetarum L.	Herb	Fruits, roots	Emetic, remove phlegm, malaria, infertility, infected ears, syphilis	[86,87,114]
Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Mouth ulcers	[122]
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (exotic)	Herb	Fruits	Cough, AIDs, amoeba, cancer, hard stool, immunity booster, operated mother, prostrate problems, skin diseases, snakebites, stomach disorders, anthelmintic, urinary disorders, aphrodisiac	[41,96,168]
Cucurbita pepo L. (exotic)	Herb	Roots, seeds	Afterbirth, anthelmintic	[120]
Gerrardanthus lobatus (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Roots	Malaria	[111]
Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn.	Herb	Roots	Smallpox, bloat in livestock, measles, boils, whitlow	[114,121,143]
Kedrostis gijef (Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.) C.Jeffrey	Liana	Roots	Eye medicine, snake poison, malaria, cough, stomachache	[72,114,142]
Kedrostis heterophylla Zimm.	Liana	Leaves	Children’s diseases	[127]
Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C.Jeffrey	Liana	Leaves, bark, exudate, stems	Diarrhea, yellow fever, malaria, hepatitis, measles, cuts	[51,77]
Lagenaria abyssinica (Hook.f.) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Leaves, exudate	Wounds, toothache	[114,152]
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.	Herb	Leaves	Cough	[87]
Lagenaria sphaerica (Sond.) Naudin	Herb	Flowers, roots	Scabies, candidiasis, ringworms, leprosy, retained placenta, abdominal pains	[114,131]
Momordica anigosantha Hook.f.	Herb	Fruits	Vomiting, emetic	[132,141]
Momordica boivinii Baill.	Herb	Roots	Induce menstruation	[114]
Momordica foetida Schumach.	Herb	Roots, whole plant, aerial parts, fruits, leaves, exudate	Trigeminal neuralgia, sinusitis, wounds, teething problems, abdominal pains, amoeba, fever, arthritis, heartburn, oral thrush, colic pain in infants, emetic, diabetes mellitus, skin rashes, fever, stomachache, malaria, anthelmintic, cough (livestock, human), breast/cervical cancer, poisonous, chest problems, headache, typhoid	[82,85,86,87,88,109,114,117,118,120,132,154]
Momordica friesiorum (Harms) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Stem, bark, leaves, roots, seeds	Malaria, livestock diseases, emetic, spleen, liver diseases, vomiting	[67,88,89,114,152]
Momordica pterocarpa Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Herb		Ear infection, malaria	[114]
Momordica rostrata Zimm.	Herb	Roots, leaves, fruits, shoots	Malaria, brain stimulant, emetic, laxative, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, retained placenta, abdominal pains, fever, burns, stomachache, coccidiosis (poultry), measles, trematodes, cuts, boils of livestock	[114,131,139,144]
Momordica spinosa (Gilg) Chiov.	Shrub/liana	Roots, bark	Headache, hepatitis, respiratory diseases, fever, malaria	[72,137]
Peponium vogelii (Hook.f.) Engl.	Herb	Leaves, fruits, whole plant	Fever, dysmenorrhea, venereal diseases, headache, rash	[77,114]
Zehneria pallidinervia (Harms) C.Jeffrey	Herb	Leaves	Snakebites	[127]
Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond.	Herb	Stems, leaves, seeds, roots, shoots, branches	Malaria, asthma, boils, wounds, constipation, livestock diseases, skin disorders, ringworms, gonorrhea, measles, colds, flu, hypertension, eye infections, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pains, skin rashes, cough, cancer, recuperate patients, eye/ear problems, warts, cuts	[41,67,76,86,91,99,105,107,109,114,115,131,132,138,147,152,168]
Cupressaceae
Cupressus torulosa D.Don ex Lamb. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves, bark	Colds, urinary bladder inflammation	[152]
Hesperocyparis lusitanica (Mill.) Bartel (exotic)	Tree	Leaves, exudate, fruit, bark, stems	Cancer, epilepsy, rheumatism, skin diseases, typhoid, toothache, anthelmintic, measles, dysentery, acaricide	[41,116,133]
Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves, bark, branches, exudates, roots	Eye problems, whopping cough, stomachache, livestock diseases, cancer, wounds, breathing difficulty, amoeba, cough, colds/flu, diarrhea, gall bladder, kidney problems, knock swells, malaria, placenta removal, rheumatism, typhoid, anthelmintic, broken bones, sore throat, breast/throat/squamous carcinoma of the gum, acaricide, aphrodisiac, expectorant	[41,64,72,86,88,95,117,120,132,133,136,140,141,145,152,168]
Cyperaceae
Cyperus alternifolius L.	Herb	Roots	Boils, rashes	[80]
Cyperus articulatus L.	Herb	Roots	Malaria, body weakness, fever, pneumonia, hiccups	[103,104,115,128,144,147]
Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.	Herb		Fever	[136]
Cyperus dichrostachyus Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Herb		Fever	[136]
Cyperus elegantulus Steud.	Herb		Fever	[136]
Cyperus esculentus L.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Abdominal upsets, bad breadth, stomachache, abdominal/colic pains, eye problems, typhoid, cough, blindness, backache, headache, chest problem, gingivitis, appetizer	[88,91,132]
Cyperus impubes Steud.	Herb		Fever	[136]
Cyperus laevigatus L.	Herb		Chickenpox, malaria, stomach disorders	[41]
Cyperus niveus Retz.	Herb		Fever	[136]
Cyperus papyrus L.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Pneumonia, headache, malaria, hypertension, nutritional edema, HIV/AIDs	[74,143,168]
Cyperus rigidifolius Steud.	Herb		Fever	[136]
Cyperus rotundus L.	Herb	Leaves	Heart problems	[144]
Dichapetalaceae
Dichapetalum ruhlandii Engl.	Shrub/liana		Poisonous	[142]
Dichapetalum zenkeri Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Venereal diseases, menstrual disorders, prenatal care	[127]
Dilleniaceae
Tetracera boiviniana Baill.	Shrub	Roots	Stomach ailments, venereal diseases	[127]
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea minutiflora Engl. (exotic)	Herb	Tubers, exudate	Blood cleanser, viral diseases, rheumatism, heartburn, gonorrhea, warts	[41,84,147,168]
Dioscorea praehensilis Benth.	Herb	Fruits	Measles	[144]
Dioscorea quartiniana A.Rich.	Herb	Roots	Poisonous, fever	[77,99]
Ebenaceae
Diospyros abyssinica (Hiern) F.White	Shrub/tree	Seeds, bark, roots, twigs	Diarrhea, sores, laxative, malaria, ringworms, skin rashes, internal injuries, ocular disorders in livestock, STIs, venereal diseases	[66,89,116,120,125,144]
Diospyros consolatae Chiov.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, back	Toothache, stomach ailments, skin diseases, respiratory problems, kidney problem, gastrointestinal gas, snakebites, arthritis, umbilical cord, hernia, veterinary medicine	[127,150]
Diospyros loureiroana G.Don	Shrub/tree		Snakebites	[134]
Diospyros scabra (Chiov.) Cufod.	Shrub/tree	Bark	Women’s stomach troubles, fever in children	[91,142]
Diospyros squarrosa Klotzsch	Shrub/tree	Roots	Prenatal care, septic swelling, convulsions	[127]
Euclea divinorum Hiern	Shrub/tree	Stems, bark, leaves, roots, seeds, fruits	Sore throat, cathartic, malaria, constipation, excessive menstrual flow, anthelmintic, diarrhea, infertility, spinal cord problem, abdominal upsets, skin disorders, blood cleansers, invigorant, prophylaxis of cancer and respiratory disorders, stomachache, amoeba, boils, skin rashes, snakebites, dental problems, dislocation, indigestions, livestock diseases, heartburn, toothache, cough, tonic, diabetes mellitus, anthrax, rheumatism, stomach rumblings, cleans the womb, headache, appetizer, joint pains in livestock, fever, venereal diseases, protracted labor, postpartum hemorrhage, retained afterbirth, anaplasmosis (cow, ruminant), constipation (cow, goat, sheep), sore throat, pneumonia, chest pains, acaricide, problems during pregnancy, arthritis, leprosy, asthma, joint diseases, bleeding gums, loose teeth, dysentery, menstrual pains, bloat, laxative, ulcers, wounds, gonorrhea, purgative, tonic for anemia	[14,41,66,67,68,71,72,73,74,79,80,81,82,85,86,87,88,91,98,99,100,104,105,107,108,109,112,113,115,116,120,124,132,133,135,138,141,142,143,146,147,149,154,168]
Euclea natalensis A.DC.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Diarrhea, poisoning, snakebites, diabetes mellitus, anthelmintic, mouth infections, stomach ulcers, gonorrhea, constipation, vaginal discharge, toothache, earache	[85,99,127,150]
Euclea racemosa L.	Shrub/tree	Root, bark, leaves	Poisoning, diabetes mellitus, liver, anthelmintic, stomach disorders, Chira, bloody diarrhea, stomachache, constipation, purgative, colic pain, general body wellness	[14,76,77,85,127,140,142]
Ericaceae
Agarista salicifolia (Lam.) G.Don	Shrub/tree	Leaves, bark	Digestion, indigestion, poisonous	[99,142]
Euphorbiaceae
Acalypha fruticosa Forssk.	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Snakebites, induce labor pains, liver, wounds, scorpion/bee stings, fever in children, cerebral malaria, headache, gastrointestinal gas, gonorrhea, gastrointestinal problems	[64,77,91,100,127,142,143,150]
Acalypha paniculata Miq.	Herb/shrub	Roots, stems, bark	Acaricide	[133]
Acalypha psilostachya Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Herb	Roots	Retained placenta	[144]
Acalypha volkensii Pax	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Gonorrhea, sores, fatigue, dizziness	[67,144,168]
Croton alienus Pax	Shrub/tree	Roots	General health, rheumatism	[168]
Croton dichogamus Pax	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves, seeds, stems	Gonorrhea, arthritis, polio symptoms, chest pain, tonic, malaria, bone/joint pain, respiratory diseases, fever, abdominal pain, oral thrush, chest congestion, asthma, cough, colds, rheumatism, joint diseases, miscarriage, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, back pains, stomachache, edema, infertility	[14,51,67,71,72,77,84,89,91,98,105,107,129,136,137,139,142,143,149,168]
Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile	Tree	Roots, bark, leaves, seeds, stems, exudate	Eye problems, sore throat, flu, TB, stomachache, measles, dysentery, malaria, respiratory disorders, ear infection, allergies, ringworms, dysmenorrhea, diarrhea, fever in cows, typhoid, measles, acaricide, asthma, bites, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, general body pains, heart problems, increase body temperatures, injuries/cuts, wounds, livestock (pregnancy test in cows), measles, mumps, pneumonia, rheumatism, skin diseases, STIs, straighten muscles, thorn pricks, anthelmintic, oral cavity infections, cleansing digestive and blood circulation system, diabetes mellitus, amoeba, venereal diseases, backache, fatigue, postpartum hemorrhage, colorectal/skin/breast, sore throat, flu, dysentery, asthma, headache, rashes, purgative, aphrodisiac, cathartic, food poisoning, asthenia, warts, fever in livestock/man	[14,41,66,67,81,84,85,87,88,95,99,101,104,116,117,119,120,123,132,133,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,153,168]
Croton megalocarpus Hutch.	Tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Stomachache, malaria, respiratory conditions, back pain, amoeba, joint/bone problems, body weakness, chest congestions, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, general body pains, headache, injuries/cuts, wounds, livestock diseases, pneumonia, rheumatism, STIs, stomach acid, body swellings, typhoid, ulcers, anthelmintic, kidney failure, lung problems, cancer, toothache, diabetes mellitus, fever, diarrhea, anaplasmosis, diarrhea/dysentery (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), paralysis/stroke, abortifacients, purgative, acaricide, boils, pneumonia, migraine, diaphragm, throat infection, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, retained placenta, abdominal pains, constipation, liver disease in poultry, aphrodisiac	[14,41,51,64,68,72,73,74,77,85,91,92,98,99,105,106,107,113,116,121,122,133,136,139,140,145,146,151,168]
Croton menyharthii Pax	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Influenza, malaria, pregnancy pains, menstrual pains, muscle spasms, female reproductive disorders, vaginal discharge, ulcers, respiratory problem	[67,100,142,150]
Croton pseudopulchellus Pax	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Convulsions, gastric lesions, inflammation, convulsions, snakebite, rheumatism	[127,150]
Croton scheffleri Pax	Shrub	Roots	Fever, malaria	[77]
Croton somalensis Pax	Tree	Stem, bark, leaves, roots	Influenza, malaria, stomachache	[107,142]
Croton sylvaticus Hochst.	Shrub	Roots, bark, buds, seeds	Acaricide, malaria, stomach disorders, respiratory infections, wounds, tonsillitis, colds, stomachache	[14,133,134,142]
Croton talaeporos Radcl.-Sm.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	General body pains, inflammation, colds, stomach complaints, typhoid, hypertension, rheumatism	[127,142,150]
Erythrococca atrovirens (Pax) Prain	Shrub		Septic wounds	[125]
Erythrococca bongensis Pax	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, stems	Arthritis, livestock diseases, stomachache, Chira, acaricide, livestock diseases, dizziness, insect bites, ECF in cattle, heartburn, backache, gynecological problems, HIV/AIDs, anthelmintic	[66,67,76,77,133,140,142,143,168]
Erythrococca fischeri Pax	Shrub/tree	Roots	Infertility, gonorrhea, chest pains	[99]
Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel.	Tree	Branches	Stomach pains in childbirth	[67]
Euphorbia bicompacta Bruyns	Shrub/tree	Leaves, exudate	Eye problems, livestock diseases, tonsils, ear complication, wounds, retained placenta in cattle, ECF in cattle, poison, muscle pull, prevent termites, bloat, edema in cattle, swollen glands in calves, asthma	[14,41,73,100,106,142,146,168]
Euphorbia bussei Pax	Tree	Branches	Sore throat, flu, asthma	[100]
Euphorbia candelabrum Trémaux ex Kotschy	Tree	Bark, roots, latex, leaves, stems	Venereal diseases, infertility, gonorrhea, flu, joint pains, STIs, eye problems, malaria, retained placenta, chest problems, bronchitis, headache, barrenness, upper respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal complications, wounds, coenuruses, ECF in cows, stomach diseases, acaricide, poison, backache, mumps, blood pressure, menstrual cramps, rash, asthma, bronchial conditions, hernia, leprosy, lumpy skin disease in cows	[41,67,68,71,72,73,77,100,105,107,120,132,133,135,138,142,145,150,168]
Euphorbia crotonoides Boiss.	Herb	Exudate	Skin ulcers, warts	[51,140]
Euphorbia cryptospinosa P.R.O.Bally	Shrub	Exudate	Poisonous	[142]
Euphorbia cuneata Vahl	Shrub/tree	Roots, aerial parts, exudate	Gonorrhea, constipation, increase fertility, dust in eyes, hepatitis in calves	[77,80,105]
Euphorbia engleri Pax	Shrub/tree		Poisonous	[142]
Euphorbia friesiorum (A.Hässl.) S.Carter	Shrub/tree	Exudate, bark	Poisonous, elephantiasis, blindness	[84,142,168]
Euphorbia gossypina Pax	Shrub	Stems, roots, exudate	Warts (verrucae), ringworms, poisonous, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, fever	[80,94,139,142]
Euphorbia heterochroma Pax	Shrub	Roots, stems, exudate, whole plant	Malaria, gonorrhea, fever, gland complications, respiratory diseases, ticks, ectoparasites, pneumonia, tuberculosis, acaricide, gonorrhea, chest problems, virus diseases in chicken, HIV/AIDs	[68,72,73,77,100,136,137,145]
Euphorbia heterophylla L.	Herb	Leaves	Chira, increase letdown in livestock	[108,144]
Euphorbia hirta L.	Herb	Leaves, roots, whole plant, exudate	Skin infections, stomach problems, chest problems, asthma, respiratory and urinary disorders, diarrhea, skin diseases, male impotency, lactating mothers/cows, rashes	[109,119,144,168]
Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond.	Herb	Leaves, roots, exudate, whole plant, stems	Gonorrhea, stimulant, to allay hunger, prevent sleep, wounds, burns, skin ulcers, glaucoma, snakebite, pregnancy problems	[67,77,143,144]
Euphorbia joyae P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter	Shrub	Roots, stems	Postpartum hemorrhage, cough	[113,142]
Euphorbia meridionalis P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter	Herb	Stems	Malaria, STIs, induce diarrhea as a means of cleansing the body	[92]
Euphorbia milii Des Moul. (exotic)	Shrub	Fruits, leaves, exudate	Skin infections, warts	[74,146]
Euphorbia nyikae Pax ex Engl.	Shrub/tree	Latex	Septic swelling, malaria, wounds/burns	[127,136]
Euphorbia pereskiifolia Houllet ex Baill.	Shrub/tree	Latex	Fish poison	[142]
Euphorbia quinquecostata Volkens	Tree		Insecticide in grain stores	[100]
Euphorbia scheffleri Pax	Shrub	Stems, exudate, roots, fruits	Vomiting, toothache, goat medicine, poisonous, stomachache, cuts	[51,77,81,100,138]
Euphorbia schimperiana Scheele	Herb	Shoots, exudate, leaves, branches	Coughs, colds, poisonous,increase lactation in animals	[67,99,144,168]
Euphorbia systyloides Pax	Herb		Wounds	[72]
Euphorbia tenuispinosa Gilli	Shrub	Stems	Poison, diarrhea in chicken/goats	[100,142]
Euphorbia tirucalli L.	Shrub/tree	Stems, bark, exudate, branches	Eye infection, warts (verrucae), cancer, eye problems, injuries/cuts/wounds, livestock diseases, malaria, STIs, stomach disorders, typhoid, epilepsy, toothaches, pesticide in stored grains, women’s health, acaricide, poisonous, infertility, relieves pain and prevents infection to sores, eye infection, swollen glands, poisonous to eyes, sore throat, measles, removing specks from eyes, pesticidal (aphids)	[14,41,66,86,94,100,116,127,133,137,141,142,143,145,147,168]
Euphorbia transvaalensis Schltr.	Herb	Latex	Warts	[77]
Euphorbia ugandensis Pax & K.Hoffm.	Herb/shrub		Colds, cough	[142]
Euphorbia uhligiana Pax	Herb	Branches, fruits, roots, whole plant	Wounds, colds, stomach disorders, hypertension	[51,72,135]
Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns	Shrub/tree	Leaves, latex	Poisonous, backache, joint swelling, sore throat, respiratory problems, fungal skin disease, boils (cattle)	[142,143]
Euphorbia wakefieldii N.E.Br.	Tree	Stems	Postnatal abdominal pains	[127]
Excoecaria madagascariensis (Baill.) Müll.Arg.	Shrub/tree	Bark, latex	Poisonous	[134,142]
Jatropha curcas L. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, fruits, leaves	Burns, injuries/cuts, wounds, snakebites, stomach disorders, mouth blisters, constipation, lice/flea control, miscarriage, diarrhea, kwashiorkor	[41,74,106,138,143,146,147,150]
Jatropha dichtar J.F.Macbr.	Shrub	Root, bark, exudates	Stomach, chest problems, eyedrops, emetic	[72,142]
Jatropha ellenbeckii Pax	Shrub	Exudates	Wounds	[142]
Jatropha podagrica Hook. (exotic)	Shrub	Leaves	Chest problems, fever
Jatropha spicata Pax	Herb/shrub	Leaves, stems	Laxative, diarrhea	[100,142]
Jatropha velutina Pax & K.Hoffm.	Herb	Leaves, exudates	Wounds	[100,120]
Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Sim	Tree	Bark	Diarrhea	[122]
Macaranga kilimandscharica Pax	Tree	Roots, leaves, stems	Bilharzia, cough, stomachache, cancer, acaricide	[41,99,131,133]
Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Müll.Arg.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Chest pains	[142]
Manihot esculenta Crantz (exotic)	Herb/shrub	Root, bark, stems, leaves	Foot and mouth disease, acaricide, aphrodisiac, abdominal pains	[14,96,133,139]
Neoboutonia macrocalyx Pax	Tree	Bark, exudate	Warts, malaria	[93,103,104,168]
Neoboutonia melleri (Müll.Arg.) Prain	Shrub/tree	Stems, roots	Acaricide, poisonous	[133,142]
Ricinus communis L.	Herb	Leaves, roots, seeds, bark	Ruminal impaction, constipation, infertility, regulate menstrual cycle, chest pains, stomachache (after-birth), constipation, livestock diseases, snakebites, septic swelling, laxative, joint pains, burns, diarrhea, vomiting, stomachache, arthritis, bites, blood cleanser, burns, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, detoxifier, family planning, hard stool, indigestion, injuries/cuts, wounds, labor pains, aphrodisiac, pimples, pneumonia, rheumatism, stomach disorders, laxative, umbilical cord infection, dry skin, ringworms, asthma, whooping, malaria, fevers, retained afterbirth, protracted labor, postpartum hemorrhage, ECF, bloat (cow), skin rushes, urinary problems, enhance appetite, abdominal pains, syphilis, ulcers, acaricide, eye ailments (cloudy eyes), STIs, emetic, poisonous, smooth skin, ease parturition, scorpion bites, earache, venereal diseases, gonorrhea, bilharzia, earache, pinworms	[14,41,51,64,67,68,73,74,77,81,86,91,94,96,99,105,106,111,113,115,118,119,120,122,127,130,132,133,134,139,141,142,143,144,145,147,151,152,168]
Shirakiopsis elliptica (Hochst.) Esser	Tree	Bark, leaves, seeds	Eye injury/infection in livestock, dental problems, malaria, colorectal/esophageal cancer, burns, asthma, acaricide, man/animal fattening	[41,66,116,117,119,125,133,144]
Spirostachys africana Sond.	Tree	Roots, bark, stems	Antiseptic, congestion, breast swelling	[100,127]
Spirostachys venenifera (Pax) Pax	Tree	Stems, leaves, branches	Poisonous, livestock boils	[14,142]
Suregada zanzibariensis Baill.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Body swelling	[127]
Tragia brevipes Pax	Herb	Roots, leaves	Hair loss, indigestion, ulcers, anemia, hypertension, peptic ulcers, diabetes, topical anesthetic agent, rheumatism, purgative, snakebites, delayed/protracted labor, tonic, breast cancer, leukemia, urinary problems, joint problems, rheumatism, labor pains, diarrhea, antivenom, purgative, impotency	[66,67,77,81,86,88,91,99,115,117,141,168]
Tragia furialis Bojer	Herb	Roots, leaves	Skin diseases, diarrhea, tonic	[77,127]
Tragia impedita Prain	Herb	Roots	Retained placenta	[139]
Flagellariaceae
Flagellaria guineensis Schumach.	Liana	Leaves, fruits	Venereal diseases	[127,134]
Geraniaceae
Monsonia angustifolia E.Mey. ex A.Rich.	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Black quarter in cattle, liver disease	[67,77]
Monsonia glauca R.Knuth	Herb	Roots	Fleas on calves	[67]
Pelargonium alchemilloides (L.) L’Hér.	Herb	Leaves	Sore eyes, eye diseases	[99,141]
Pelargonium quinquelobatum Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Herb	Roots	Diarrhea	[67]
Hamamelidaceae
Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. & Zeyh.	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Diarrhea, teeth problems, oral candidiasis, digestion, stomach disorders, strength	[67,77,88,109,152]
Hernandiaceae
Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq.	Tree	Leaves	Antiseptic	[127]
Hydnoraceae
Hydnora abyssinica A.Br.	Herb	Roots, stems, whole plant	Diarrhea, amoebic dysentery, diabetes, first/second trimester abortion, stomachache, retained placenta, female conditions	[77,81,83,102,143,168]
Hypericaceae
Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir.	Tree	Leaves, fruits, bark, roots	Eye infection, scabies, flu, stomachache, heavy menstruation, malaria, bloody diarrhea, arthritis, breast development in young, colorectal/skin/breast cancer, general body pains, dysentery, itchy genitals, acaricide, infertility, wounds, chest pain, jigger/thorn, headache, cough, venereal diseases	[66,74,98,101,112,116,117,119,122,133,142,143,144,154,168]
Hypericum peplidifolium A.Rich.	Herb	Whole plant, leaves, roots	Injured/infected eyes, dermatitis, diarrhea	[144]
Hypericum quartinianum A.Rich.	Shrub	Leaves, roots, branches	Rheumatism, diarrhea	[99]
Hypericum revolutum Vahl	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Joint pains, diarrhea, rheumatism, wounds	[99,109]
Psorospermum febrifugum Spach	Shrub/tree	Fruit, bark/stem/leaf	Acaricide, fattening (goats, rams)	[133,144]
Psorospermum orientale (Engl.) Byng & Christenh.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Tonic	[142]
Hypoxidaceae
Hypoxis obtusa Burch. ex Ker Gawl.	Herb	Roots	Baby/children skin rashes, stomach medicine	[140,168]
Icacinaceae
Apodytes dimidiata E.Mey. ex Arn.	Shrub/tree	Seeds, fruits, roots, bark	General body weakness, joints pains/weakness, sore throat, malaria, chest pains, tonic, stomachache, anthelmintic, diarrhea, internal injuries, blood clot in muscles, livestock diseases, spleen pain and enlargement	[67,77,140,152]
Pyrenacantha kaurabassana Baill.	Herb	Tubers	Jiggers, boils, rashes, aphrodisiac, fetus development, labor pains, veterinary medicine	[142,150]
Pyrenacantha malvifolia Engl.	Herb		Induce vomiting in pregnant women or those suspected to have malaria	[92]
Iridaceae
Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel	Herb	Roots	Meningitis, malaria, diarrhea, asthma, allergy, joint pains, rheumatism	[98,118,140]
Juncaceae
Juncus oxycarpus E.Mey. ex Kunth	Herb	Flowers	Colds, chest pains	[67]
Lamiaceae
Aeollanthus repens Oliv.	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Eye diseases, mouth thrush	[141]
Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don	Herb	Leaves, aerial parts, whole plant, stems, roots	Malaria, menstrual pains, indigestion, abdominal pains, boils, chronic joint pains, amoeba, back/bone problems, bites, cough, colds/flu, headache, livestock diseases, rheumatism, typhoid, arthritis, fever, gonorrhea, toothache, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, acidity, nausea, pneumonia, body pains, dysentery, stomachache, retained placenta, anaplasmosis, mastitis, ECF (cows), Newcastle disease (poultry), helminthiasis (cows, poultry, goats, sheep, pigs), lung diseases (cows, goats, sheep, poultry), anthelmintic, tonsils (cattle), indigestion, menstrual problems, convulsions, dermatitis, liver problems, hypertension, afterbirth pains, measles	[7,14,41,64,66,67,68,73,74,77,84,85,86,87,101,103,104,107,110,115,122,129,130,138,141,143,144,147,153,154,168]
Clerodendrum hildebrandtii Vatke	Shrub/tree	Roots	Chest medicine, general medicine	[134,142]
Clerodendrum johnstonii Oliv.	Shrub	Leaves, roots, shoots	Malaria, hypertension, heart pains, joint pains, toothache, body pains, abdominal pains, aphrodisiac, dysmenorrhea, general weakness, stomach upsets/pains	[14,88,99,101,104,141,145,147,152]
Clerodendrum rotundifolium Oliv.	Shrub	Leaves, roots, bark	Malaria, stomachache, fever	[104,143]
Clinopodium abyssinicum (Benth.) Kuntze	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Cough, headache, indigestion, anodyne, eye diseases, abdominal pains	[7,132,141]
Clinopodium uhligii (Gürke) Ryding	Herb/shrub		Constipation, headache, chest congestion	[7,86]
Coleus aegyptiacus (Forssk.) A.J.Paton	Herb/shrub		Stomachache, prenatal care, stomach after giving birth	[77,127]
Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Benth. ex G.Don	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Abdominal pains, diarrhea, vomiting, malaria, stomachache, joint pains, constipation, headache, backache, protrusion of bowels, livestock diseases, body swellings/legs, joint pain, liver diseases, skin rashes, stomach upsets, dysentery, amoeba, arthritis, bilharzia, brucellosis, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, eczema, eye problems, hypertension HIV/AIDs, injuries/cuts, wounds, neutralizes poison, rheumatism, typhoid, anthelmintic, retained placenta, constipation, tonic, sprains, stiff neck, muscle cramp, colic pain in infants, eyes, oral thrush, measles, snakebites, skin growths, tooth/gum aches, pneumonia, biopesticide, first abortion, vomiting, pneumonia (cow), fractures, dysentery, chest problems, skin diseases, abscess, warts, acaricide, indigestion, painful teeth, mouth ulcers, tetanus, disinfectant, asthma, allergy, strength, purgative, gonorrhea, eye ailments, induce blood production, dermatitis, earache, skin damaged (cow)	[7,41,73,74,79,81,84,86,87,88,96,98,100,101,106,109,111,113,115,116,119,120,121,122,129,132,133,136,141,144,146,147,152,168]
Coleus caninus (B.Heyne ex Roth) Vatke	Herb	Leaves, roots	Cough, liver diseases, livestock diseases, toothache	[7,77,99]
Coleus cylindraceus (Hochst. ex Benth.) A.J.Paton	Herb	Whole plant, stems	Morning sickness, general body weakness, peptic ulcers, livestock diseases, prevent first abortion	[7,81,139]
Coleus hadiensis (Forssk.) A.J.Paton	Herb	Leaves, stems	Childbirth	[72]
Coleus igniarius Schweinf.	Shrub	Bark	Malaria, livestock diseases, strength	[77,104,136]
Coleus lactiflorus Vatke	Shrub	Aerial parts	Acaricide, stomach trouble	[133,142]
Coleus lasianthus Gürke	Herb	Whole plant	Kwashiorkor, edema in children	[51]
Coleus maculosus (Lam.) A.J.Paton	Herb	Roots	Stomachache, strength	[7,136]
Coleus otostegioides (Schweinf. ex Gürke) A.J.Paton	Herb/shrub	Whole plant	Kwashiorkor, edema in children	[51]
Coleus prostratus (Gürke) A.J.Paton	Herb	Whole plant	Skin problems	[118]
Coleus succulentus Pax	Herb	Leaves, stems	Abscesses	[94]
Coleus sylvestris (Gürke) A.J.Paton & Phillipson	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Wounds, livestock diseases, allergies, amoebiasis, diarrhea, painkiller, toothache, typhoid, constipation, strength	[7,41,136,152]
Coleus umbrosus Vatke	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Smallpox, tonic, livestock diseases, emetic, diarrhea, stomachache	[7,51,142,168]
Endostemon tereticaulis (Poir.) M.R.Ashby	Herb	Roots, shoots	Malaria, edema, diarrhea, backpains	[51]
Equilabium kamerunense (Gürke) Mwany. & A.J.Paton	Shrub	Whole plant	Stomachache	[7]
Equilabium laxiflorum (Benth.) Mwany. & A.J.Paton	Herb	Roots, leaves	Anthelmintic, sore throat, purgative, infertility, eye diseases, abortifacient	[99,141]
Fuerstia africana T.C.E.Fr.	Herb/shrub	Leaves, roots, whole plant, shoots	Malaria, snakebites, pneumonia, ulcers, infertility, mouth inflammation in children, respiratory disorders, ringworm, abscesses, ophthalmia, problems, skin complaints, colds, heartburn, oral thrush, livestock diseases, diabetes mellitus, stomachache, urinary infections, ulcers, gonorrhea, venereal diseases, postpartum hemorrhage, prevent first/second trimester abortion, pregnancy edema, pregnancy anemia, eyes infection, colorectal cancer, oral infections, anthelmintic, respiratory disorders, internal injury, swollen legs, wounds, bloody diarrhea, mouth ulcers, boils, STIs, cuts, toothache, tonic, infant postpartum care, sore/red eyes, ear diseasesfemale conditions, dandruffs, sore throat, chest complaints, kidney	[7,67,71,74,81,82,85,86,88,91,94,97,99,101,102,103,104,115,117,119,122,126,140,141,152,168]
Hoslundia opposita Vahl	Shrub	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Prenatal care, convulsions, tonic, asthma, cough, colds/flu, typhoid, snakebite, aphrodisiac, constipation, sore throat, postpartum hemorrhage, prevent first trimester abortion, vomiting, acaricide, colic pain in children, ameba, oral thrush/wounds, cuts, pimples/scabies, itches/rashes, anthelmintic, stomach pains, sores, ulcers, boils, hiccups, hemorrhoids, diabetes, blood purifier, child delivery, snakebites, edema, malaria	[7,41,51,64,75,81,84,91,111,112,127,131,133,144,145,148,150]
Hyssopus officinalis L. (exotic)	Herb/shrub		Cough, colds, sore throat, nose blocking, indigestion	[168]
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br.	Herb	Leaves, buds, whole plant, roots, aerial parts	Malaria, wounds, heart problems, stomachache, lungs/kidneys/liver problems, cough, toothache, boils, heartburn, oral thrush, acidity, anthelmintic, vomiting, diarrhea, gonorrhea, acaricide, gastrointestinal problems, abortion, anaplasmosis in cattle, insect bites, skin diseases, colds, bleeding during pregnancy, conjunctivitis, headache and body weakness, eye treatment, fever, problems in passing urine	[7,14,67,76,79,81,86,123,124,133,136,138,142,143,144,147,152,168]
Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson	Shrub	Bark, roots, leaves, whole plant	Wounds, teething, amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, diarrhea, indigestion, appetizer, malaria, rheumatism, ulcers, anthelmintic (human/animals), antiseptic, skin rashes, blood purifier, dysentery, chest congestion, diabetes, gall sickness, stomach pains, diarrhea, urinary problems, sore lips and tongue, anaplasmosis (cattle), insect bites, skin diseases, venereal diseases, fever, edema, problems in passing urine	[7,41,67,84,86,89,99,109,115,129,138,140,142,144,152,168]
Leucas calostachys Oliv.	Shrub	Roots, bark, leaves	Colds, cough, diarrhea, malaria, respiratory problems, headache, tonic, pneumonia, sprains, heartburn, peptic ulcers, abdominal distension, colic pain in infants, amoeba, hypertension, renal disorders, skin disorders, cancer, arthritis, acaricide, stomachache, gastrointestinal problems, expectorant, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pains, hernia, cuts, wounds, livestock (diarrhea, chest problems)	[7,79,86,87,101,105,120,125,133,141,142,143,144]
Leucas deflexa Hook.f.	Herb		Eye infection in livestock	[125]
Leucas glabrata (Vahl) Sm.	Herb	Root	Child’s tonic	[142]
Leucas grandis Vatke	Herb/shrub	Leaves, roots, whole plant	Wounds, tonic, colds, persistent skin disease, anthelmintic, ear infection, abdominal pains, ringworms, stomachache, diarrhea, anaplasmosis in cattle, anti-acid, earache, thrush (in children) and sores	[7,14,74,84,120,141,144,168]
Leucas jamesii Baker	Shrub	Leaves	Cholera, stomachache	[92]
Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R.Br.	Herb	Leaves	Eye problems, wounds, liver problems, gastrointestinal troubles, constipation, stomachache, black tongue, eye ailments, edema, fever, snakebite	[7,95,109,144]
Leucas tomentosa Gürke	Shrub	Roots	Dysentery, stomachache, purgative	[142]
Mesosphaerum pectinatum (L.) Kuntze	Herb/shrub	Leaves, roots	Molluscoid, stomachache, diarrhea, skin problems, gastrointestinal problems, oral thrush, fever in animals	[7,119,122,143,144]
Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze	Herb	Leaves	Skin wounds, fungal infections	[118]
Micromeria imbricata (Forssk.) C.Chr.	Herb/shrub	Roots, stems, leaves, whole plant	Chest pains, pimples, mouth inflammation, livestock diseases, teeth problem, pneumonia, stomachache, gastroenteritis, cough, colds	[7,109,131,152,168]
Nepeta azurea R.Br. ex Benth.	Herb	Leaves	Backache, livestock diseases	[7]
Ocimum americanum L.	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Malaria, delayed/protracted labor, postpartum hemorrhage, prevent first/second trimester abortion, vomiting, pregnancy edema, stomach complaints, mosquito repellant	[81,100,104,134]
Ocimum basilicum L.	Herb	Leaves, roots, whole plant	Headache, morning sickness, allergies, bites, cough, colds/flu, anthelmintic, nasal/bronchial catarrh, stomachache, constipation, vermifuge, diabetes mellitus, malaria, eye ailments, gastrointestinal problems, headaches, itching skin/rashes, repel insects (termites, fleas, mites, weevils, mosquitoes), abdominal pains, pain relief, rectal problems, pregnancy and child birth problems	[7,14,41,64,77,79,84,85,91,102,111,112,115,129,141,143,147]
Ocimum gratissimum L.	Herb/shrub	Leaves, roots, bark	Headache, diarrhea, toothache, swelling of the body, chronic joint pains, chest pains, cough, colds/flu, fever, ear/nose/throat problems, general body weakness, malaria, rheumatism, anthelmintic, skin infection, stomachache, insecticide, body rash, pesticide of stored grains, pneumonia, mosquito repellent, colorectal cancer, bronchitis, stomach ulcers, throat infections, constipation, abdominal pain, sore eyes, hiccups, hemorrhoids, control termites, runny nose, ulcers	[7,14,41,64,74,76,84,90,99,111,115,117,119,122,127,129,130,141,142,145,146,147,168]
Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gürke	Herb	Leaves, roots, stems, shoots	Nasal congestion, colds, flu, insect bites, general pains, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, cough, eye problems, congested chest, measles, stomachache, repel insects, diabetes, sore eyes, acaricide, wounds, respiratory problems, fevers, abdominal pains	[7,86,96,101,106,122,125,133,139,142,147,168]
Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth.	Herb	Leaves	Respiratory disorders and common ailments, stomachache	[14,168]
Ocimum spectabile (Gürke) A.J.Paton	Shrub	Leaves	Asthma, cough, colds/flu, eye lotion	[41,77]
Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen	Herb	Leaves	Stomach and oral cavity infections	[123]
Platostoma africanum P.Beauv.	Herb	Shoots	Mouth thrush, sore throat	[144]
Platostoma hildebrandtii (Vatke) A.J.Paton & Hedge	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Colds, wounds	[7]
Premna chrysoclada (Bojer) Gürke	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Diarrhea, prenatal care, convulsions, induce conception, dysentery, kidney trouble, purgative, fevers, female reproductive disorder, malaria	[75,127,134,142,150]
Premna hildebrandtii Gürke	Shrub/liana	Leaves, roots	Convulsions, diarrhea, stomachache	[127,142]
Premna oligotricha Baker	Shrub	Roots	Joint/bone pain	[77]
Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Schauer	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Fever, venereal diseases, fever, malaria, mosquito repellant, joint pains	[77,80,127,129]
Premna serratifolia L.	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Headache	[142]
Rotheca microphylla (Blume) Callm. & Phillipson	Shrub	Rots, leaves	Convulsions, headache, vomiting, gastrointestinal gas, cerebral malaria, postnatal problems	[127,142,150]
Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb.	Shrub	Roots, bark, leaves, shoots	Sore throat, ear infections, malaria, gonorrhea, syphilis, aphrodisiac, STIs, venereal diseases, diarrhea, polio, joint pains, abscesses, back/bone pains, burns, cough, colds/flu, tonsilitis, arthritis, typhoid, rheumatism, emetic, gonorrhea, heartburn, oral thrush, cancer, throat cancer, diabetes mellitus, polio, abortions, headache, clean the womb, diabetes, gland complications, respiratory diseases, stomachache, gastrointestinal disorders, lumbago, venereal diseases, pneumonia, sore throat, ear problems, flu, dysentery, diarrhea, headache, eye infections, chest pains, bronchitis, indigestion, infertility, amoebic dysentery, anthelmintic, rheumatism, acaricide, venereal diseases, typhoid, asthma, strength, splenic pain and enlargement, enema against extreme body weakness due to chronic diseases, abdominal pains, threatened miscarriage, joint diseases, stimulate spasms during childbirth, menstrual pains, tonic, mental illness, abdominal pains during menses, HIV/AIDs, retained placenta, rabies, measles, TB, colic, eye disease, swellings, wounds, asthma, aphrodisiac, labor pains, poultry fever, ECF in livestock, toothache, purgative	[14,41,66,67,68,72,77,79,83,84,85,86,91,94,97,98,99,101,103,105,107,113,116,119,120,123,124,129,130,132,133,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,146,147,149,154,168]
Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Menstrual overflow, ulcers, bad eye, breast/esophageal/colorectal cancer	[117,147]
Salvia leucantha Cav. (exotic)	Shrub	Shoots, leaves	Burns, edema	[144]
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (exotic)	Shrub	Leaves, stems	Chest problems, cough, colds/flu, pneumonia, retarded memory, rheumatism, stomachache, stress, inappetence, smelly body/feet	[41,74,119,147]
Tetradenia urticifolia (Baker) Phillipson	Shrub	Stems, leaves, roots,	Malaria, inappetence, amoeba, catalyzes vomiting, dental problems, general body pains, heartburns, livestock diseases, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatism, stomach disorders, cough, colds, flu, bronchitis, stomach upsets, flatulence, mouth ulcers, diarrhea, fevers, boils, mumps, stomach ailments, constipation, body pains, burns/scalds, anaplasmosis (cow, ruminants), trypanosomiasis (cow, goat), miscarriage (cow), cataract, abdominal pains, cough in cattle and goats, vomiting, asthma, edema, anthelmintic	[7,14,41,73,105,121,141,142,144,146,147]
Tinnea aethiopica Kotschy ex Hook.f.	Shrub	Whole plant, roots, leaves, fruits	Abdominal pains, constipation, eye lotion, Chira, acaricide, stomach upsets, gastrointestinal complaints in children, measles	[76,77,127,133,143,145,150]
Vitex doniana Sweet	Tree	Leaves, fruits, bark	Diarrhea, vomiting, whooping cough, acaricide, allergies, colds, cancer of breast and prostate glands, vitamin supplements, wounds	[84,98,120,133,144,147]
Vitex ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn.	Shrub/tree	Fruits, roots	Appetite, gastrointestinal complaints	[150]
Vitex fischeri Gürke	Tree	Leaves, bark	Livestock diseases, acaricide, anti-acid, fever, infectionstomachache	[14,41,133,144]
Vitex payos (Lour.) Merr.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Venereal diseases, amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, chest problems, dental problems, diarrhea, increase blood, typhoid	[41,127]
Volkameria eriophylla (Gürke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Swollen testicles, otitis, earache, anthelmintic, amoeba, stomachache, snake bites, malaria, edema	[51,74,103,104,142]
Lauraceae
Kuloa usambarensis (Engl.) Trofimov & Rohwer	Tree	Bark, leaf, roots	Back pain, asthma, cancer, cardiac disorders, cough, colds/flu, dizziness, hypertension, joints, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatism, typhoid, anthelmintic, chest pains, appetizer, whooping cough, body ache, swelling, tumors, measles, muscular contractions, disturbed breathing, stomachache, antidote, aphrodisiac, clearing throat, relaxation	[14,41,103,104,113,145,146,147,168]
Persea americana Mill. (exotic)	Tree	Bark, seeds, roots, leaves, fruits	Toothache, anemia, invigorant, amoeba, blood purifier, cancer, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, ear-nose-throat problems, energy boost, headache, immune booster, increase blood, malaria, prostate cancer, rheumatism, skin diseases, stomach disorders, diabetes, colorectal/skin/breast cancer, skin, gut problems, STIs, toothache, cholesterol control	[14,41,83,88,116,117,119,152]
Lecythidaceae
Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng.	Tree	Bark	Fish poison	[142]
Fabaceae
Abrus fruticulosus Wall. ex Wight & Arn.	Shrub	Roots	Pneumonia	[84]
Abrus precatorius L.	Shrub	Leaves, roots, seeds, whole plant	Eye problems, asthma, septic swelling, gynecological pains, venereal diseases, colds, cough, stomachache, diabetes mellitus, febrifuge, fever, throat, skin cancer, gonorrhea, emetic, inflamed breasts during breast-feeding, family planning, emetic, poison, asthma, epilepsy, heart pain, snakebites, venereal diseases, malaise	[75,76,85,95,100,108,117,119,127,134,142,143,150]
Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves, stems, bark, roots	Typhoid, chronic joint pains, chickenpox, dental problems, measles, skin diseases, smallpox, toothaches, wounds from poisoned arrows, cough (cows, goats, sheep, poultry, pig, ruminants)	[41,73,130,146,147,152]
Aeschynomene abyssinica (A.Rich.) Vatke	Herb/shrub	Leaves, bark, roots	Heartburn, chest pain, cough, uterine/skin/squamous cell carcinoma of the gums	[117,120,140]
Afzelia quanzensis Welw.	Tree	Roots, bark	Chest pains, stomachache, postnatal care, chest pain, snakebites, excessive menstruation	[127,150]
Albizia amara (Roxb.) B.Boivin	Tree	Bark, branches, fruits, roots, stem	Muscle and bodybuilding, indigestion, smooth baby skin and softens baby faces, back/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, chest problems, joints, malaria, peptic ulcers, hypertension, female infertility, stomachache, emetic, wounds, joint diseases, typhoid, piles, diarrhea, gonorrhea, ulcers, dandruff, cancer	[14,41,64,84,86,103,104,107,128,135,142,149]
Albizia anthelmintica (A.Rich.) Brongn.	Tree	Bark, roots, leaves, aerial parts	Malaria, stomachache, backache, emetic, induce bile release from the gall bladder, purgative, tonic, helminthiasis, diarrhea, convulsions, allergies, amoeba, joint/bone pain, general body pains, gonorrhea, headache, women’s health, wounds, syphilis, arthritis, flu/cold, pneumonia, brucellosis, anthelmintic (human, animals), runny nose, cough, skin diseases, asthma, snakebite, aphrodisiac, venereal diseases, edema, eye problems, retained placenta, abdominal pains, tonic, fever, liver diseases (poultry), cattle diseases (eye injuries, cough, bloat)	[14,41,51,64,67,68,72,80,84,90,92,96,100,102,105,107,110,121,127,128,132,134,135,137,138,139,141,142,150,168]
Albizia coriaria Welw. ex Oliv.	Tree	Roots, bark, stems, leaves	TB, genital thrush, gonorrhea, malaria, STIs, venereal diseases, pneumonia, menorrhagia, postpartum hemorrhage, sore eyes, livestock respiratory diseases, breast/uterine/skin cancer, diarrhea, stomachache, eye problems, boils, flu, colic pains, abdominal discomfort, constipation, infertility, anthelmintic, joints/backbone, cardiac conditions, kidney ailments, acaricide, gastrointestinal conditions, threatened abortion, whooping cough, anthrax, jaundice	[66,76,79,82,104,116,117,118,124,133,143,144]
Albizia glaberrima (Schumach. & Thonn.) Benth.	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Headache, stomachache	[120]
Albizia grandibracteata Taub.	Tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Gonorrhea, headache, stomachache, acaricide	[120,125,133]
Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm.	Tree	Bark, roots, fruits, leaves, gum	Oral thrush, postpartum bleeding, STIs, stomachache, malaria, liver diseases, abdominal ulcers, amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, chest problems, pneumonia, rheumatism, TB, typhoid, skin disorders, throat/skin cancer, gut problems, cough, flu, anthelmintic, ringworms, HIV/AIDs, dental care, acaricide, immune booster	[14,41,67,74,84,87,88,89,101,103,104,116,117,119,125,129,141,142,145,168]
Albizia versicolor Welw. ex Oliv.	Tree	Roots, leaves	Convulsions, chest pains, venereal diseases	[127]
Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F.Macbr.	Tree	Bark	Pneumonia	[98]
Astragalus atropilosulus (Hochst.) Bunge	Herb		Uterine pains after childbirth	[67]
Bauhinia taitensis Taub.	Shrub	Roots	Joint problems, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatism, sores, wounds	[41,80]
Bauhinia tomentosa L.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Retained placenta, cough, malaria	[14,80,146]
Bauhinia variegata L. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Meat allergy, allergy rash	[144]
Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O.Deg.	Shrub	Roots	Skin infections, urinary tract infections, gum aches, poisonous, toothache, stomachache	[14,123,142,144,147]
Cadia purpurea (G.Piccioli) Aiton	Shrub	Bark	Poison, flees and parasites	[77,136]
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth	Shrub	Leaves, roots, branches, seeds	Allergies, joint pains, amoeba, bites, malaria, snakebites, stomach disorders, flu, constipation, weight loss, stomachache, tonsils, eye/ear problems, infertility, nausea in pregnant women	[41,84,105,130,139,146,150,151]
Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth.	Shrub/tree		Poisonous	[142]
Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.	Liana	Root	Urinary problem, passing blood in urine	[144]
Cassia abbreviata Oliv.	Tree	Aerial parts, bark, roots, leaves, pods	Malaria, diabetes mellitus, chest pain, muscular pain, fever, ulcers, goat medicine, hypertension, hemostatic, yellow fever, typhoid fever. fatigue, body aches, inflammatory skin diseases, painful joints, menstrual cramps, aphrodisiac, venereal disease, stomachache, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, retained placenta, toothache, cough, gonorrhea, kidney pains, colds, pain in joints	[51,85,100,128,139,142,145,148,150,151]
Chamaecrista hildebrandtii (Vatke) Lock	Herb	Roots, leaves	Gastrointestinal problems, body pain including bones and joints, stomachache	[79,140,143]
Chamaecrista kirkii (Oliv.) Standl.	Herb	Leaves, shoots	Wounds, meat allergy, skin rashes, men infertility, livestock black water	[144]
Chamaecrista nigricans (Vahl) Greene	Herb	Roots, leaves	Stomachache, anthelmintic	[76]
Craibia brevicaudata (Vatke) Dunn	Shrub/tree	Roots	Hypertension	[127]
Craibia brownii Dunn	Tree	Roots	Cough	[80]
Craibia zimmermannii (Harms) Dunn	Tree	Bark, leaves, stems	high blood pressure, fever, anthelmintic, animals (constipation)	[145]
Crotalaria agatiflora Schweinf.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Wounds, backache, colds, dirty body system, skin infections, STIs, gonorrhea, urinary infections, gastrointestinal problems	[109,115,142,143,152,168]
Crotalaria axillaris Aiton	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Sore eyes, fever, stomach upsets	[100,142,145]
Crotalaria brevidens Benth.	Herb		Stomachache, body swellings, gastrointestinal conditions, conjunctivitis in children	[79,95,99,143]
Crotalaria incana L.	Herb	Leaves, roots, whole plant	Stomach upsets (constipation, dyspepsia), cough, anemia, strength, chest pains, purgative, proper placement of baby in womb, sore throat, mouth rushes, wounds	[72,88,91,136,141,144]
Crotalaria keniensis Baker f.	Shrub	Roots	Fever	[109]
Crotalaria laburnifolia L.	Herb	Roots	Helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig)	[73]
Crotalaria lachnocarpoides Engl.	Herb/shrub	Root	Sore throat	[140]
Crotalaria mauensis Baker f.	Herb/shrub	Roots, leaves	Mouth infection in babies, asthma, urinary infections	[109,147,168]
Crotalaria natalitia Meisn.	Herb/shrub		Strength, cough, chest pain	[136]
Crotalaria pallida Aiton	Herb	Roots	Oral infections	[119]
Crotalaria polysperma Kotschy	Herb		Vomiting, diarrhea	[132]
Cynometra webberi Baker f.	Tree	Leaves	Children’s diseases	[127]
Dalbergia boehmii Taub.	Shrub/tree	Roots	General body pains, diarrhea, induce labor pains	[127]
Dalbergia lactea Vatke	Shrub/liana	Roots, leaves	STIs, diabetes, managing pain and inflammation, back pains, liver pains, gonorrhea	[113,115,154,168]
Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.	Tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Gastrointestinal pains, prenatal care, tonsils, venereal diseases, artery problems, back/joint/bone pains, chest problems, cough/colds/flu, dental problems, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatism, typhoid, tonic, liver problems	[41,84,100,127,129,134]
Dalbergia microphylla Chiov.	Shrub	Leaves	Mouth ulcers	[142]
Delonix elata (L.) Gamble (exotic)	Tree	Bark	Livestock diseases, wounds	[14,51,80]
Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.	Tree	Bark	STIs, stomachache	[144]
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves, branches	Diarrhea, prenatal care, cough, convulsions, anesthesia, ulcers, gonorrhea, malaria, poisonous, scorpion stings, snakebites, bones, injuries to reduce swelling, colds, asthma, toothache, gastrointestinal problems, constipation, amoebic dysentery, body pains	[51,89,104,111,112,127,134,142,143,150]
Dolichos compressus R.Wilczek	Herb	Roots	Infertility	[120]
Dolichos kilimandscharicus Taub.	Herb	Roots, stems, leaves	Acaricide	[133]
Dolichos oliveri Schweinf.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Poisonous, dementia, epilepsy; fever in livestock	[77,142,143]
Entada abyssinica Steud. ex A.Rich.	Tree	Bark, leaves, roots	Scabies, flu, infertility, cough, anthelmintic, body aches, dysentery, stomachache, edema, diarrhea, STIs, TB, childbirth, joint/backbones, cardiac conditions, kidney ailments, cancer, veterinary uses, acaricide, sprained muscles/limbs, body swelling, heart ailments	[66,87,88,116,118,120,125,133,143,144]
Entada leptostachya Harms	Liana	Roots, bark, leaves, exudate	Tuberculosis, cough, boils, abscesses, cuts/wounds, amoeba, eye problems, knee problems, STIs, stomachache, snakebites/spits, arrow poison, polio, back pain, anthelmintic (human, animals), malaria, anemia, hemorrhage, high fever, madness, gastroenteritis, epilepsy, helps increase milk letdown, edema, snake repellent, swollen legs, body pains and hemorrhage in pregnant women, retained placenta, abdominal pains, eye injury, food poisoning, internal injury	[14,41,51,72,80,84,94,96,100,139,142,151,153]
Eriosema glomeratum (Guill. & Perr.) Hook.f.	Herb	Roots	Fever	[144]
Eriosema robustum Baker	Shrub	Roots	Cough	[144]
Erythrina abyssinica Lam.	Tree	Stems, roots, bark	Swollen lymph glands, abdominal/colic pain in children, chickenpox, infertility, malaria, urinary tract infections, cancerous wounds, stomach pains, postpartum pain, mouth, laxative, internal injuries, pneumonia, STIs, abscesses, allergies, amoeba, antidote, back/joint/bone problems, bilharzia, cancer, cholera, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, diarrhea, ear-nose-throat problems, general body pains, increase blood, injuries/cuts/wounds, livestock diseases, male paralysis, measles, medicine antidote, prostrate problems, rheumatism, RVF, stomach disorders, typhoid, ulcers, uterus problems, vomiting, whooping cough, anthelmintic, arthritis, toothache, chest pains, peptic ulcers, hypertension, mumps, gonorrhea, snakebites, amoeba, diarrhea, pregnancy anemia, pregnancy edema, anaplasmosis (cow, ruminant), helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), skin diseases, stomachache, mumps, body swellings, chest problems, blood cleanser, evacuation of bowels, anemia, fever, liver inflammation, acaricide, eye infection, syphilis, abdominal pains, tonic, skin sores/ulcers and swellings, allergy, gonorrhea, diabetes, gout, liver disorder, epilepsy, swelling of legs, anthrax, cattle cough and bloat, elephantiasis, kidney problems, menstrual problems	[14,41,66,67,73,74,81,84,86,87,91,94,99,101,102,105,110,113,116,119,120,123,129,133,135,138,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,151,153,154,168]
Erythrina excelsa Baker	Tree	Bark, roots, exudate	Snakebites, STIs, loose stool	[118,126,143]
Erythrina melanacantha Taub. ex Harms	Tree	Bark	Stomachache, venereal diseases, eradicate mites from chicken/cattle, chest pain, colds, cough, snakebites	[14,80,146]
Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan	Tree	Bark, seeds	Poisonous	[142]
Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev.	Shrub/tree	Fruits	Cancer, liver enlargement	[91,132]
Gelrebia trothaei (Harms) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis	Shrub	Fruits	Poisonous	[142]
Grona adscendens (Sw.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi	Herb/shrub		Stomachache	[125]
Grona barbata (L.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi	Herb	Leaves	Edema	[144]
Grona setigera (E.Mey.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi	Herb	Leaves, roots	Strengthen sunken part of baby head and scalp and bring head to normal shape	[144]
Guilandina bonduc L.	Liana	Seeds, leaves, roots	Asthma, complications during menstruation, miscarriage, internal blood clots in eyes	[127]
Guilandina volkensii (Harms) G.P.Lewis	Liana	Leaves, roots, bark, seeds	Eye problems, back pain in women, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatism, STIs, typhoid, anthelmintic, acidity, headache, general body pains, fevers, venereal diseases, stomach ulcers, sore throat, chest pain, stomachache	[14,41,84,95,103,104,107,113,119,129,138,142,143,146,147,168]
Hylodesmum repandum (Vahl) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill	Herb		Stomach upsets	[125]
Indigofera ambelacensis Schweinf.	Herb	Roots	Heart disease	[99]
Indigofera arrecta Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Toothache, abdominal cramps/pains, malaria, abortion, pain in urination, arthritis, chest pains, cough, colds, asthma, diarrhea, skin rashes, stomachache, anthelmintic, cancer, skin sores and ulcers, anthrax, congested chest, sore throat, aphrodisiac, retained placenta, hear problem, kidney ailment, fever, edema	[14,86,88,91,99,105,115,119,120,132,138,139,141,142,143,144,146,147,152,154,168]
Indigofera atriceps Hook.f.	Herb		Teeth problems	[132]
Indigofera bogdanii J.B.Gillett	Shrub	Roots	Joint pain, bone pain	[77]
Indigofera circinella Baker f.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Snakebites, cough, stomach problems, sore throat, stomachache	[67,126,143,144]
Indigofera colutea (Burm.f.) Merr.	Herb	Shoots	Kill mites, snakebites wounds	[144]
Indigofera conjugata Baker	Herb	Leaves	Chest problems	[144]
Indigofera dendroides Jacq.	Herb	Leaves	Fungal diseases	[118]
Indigofera emarginella Steud. ex A.Rich.	Herb/shrub	Roots, stems	Acaricide	[133]
Indigofera garckeana Vatke	Shrub	Roots	Gonorrhea, joint pain	[77]
Indigofera lupatana Baker f.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Cough, colds/flu, epiglottis hair, anthelmintic, malaria, pneumonia, backache, diarrhea, constipation	[14,41,51,74,80,96]
Indigofera spicata Forssk.	Herb	Roots, whole plant, stems, leaves	Cough, wounds, burns, diarrhea, sore throat	[67,77,122,143]
Indigofera spinosa Forssk.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Strength	[77]
Indigofera swaziensis Bolus	Shrub	Roots, whole plant	Malaria, anthelmintic, body aches, weaknesses, rheumatism, bone pain	[77,147]
Indigofera tanganyikensis Baker f.	Herb	Roots	Baby diseases	[140]
Indigofera trita L.f.	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Headache, stomachache	[99,142]
Kotschya africana Endl.	Shrub	Various parts	Acaricide	[133]
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet	Herb	Seeds, roots	Lung disease in sheep, poisonous	[168]
Millettia dura Dunn	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots	Allergies, cough, colds/flu, malaria, typhoid, anthelmintic, ECF in cattle, pneumonia, diarrhea, amoeba, madness	[14,41,74,146]
Millettia usaramensis Taub.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Coughs, chest pains	[127]
Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC.	Liana	Leaves	Cough	[120]
Mucuna poggei Taub.	Liana	Bark, root, aerial parts	Acaricide	[133]
Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A.Chev.	Shrub/tree	Bark, leaves	Fish poison, jiggers	[142,150]
Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) J.A.Lackey	Herb	Leaves	Breast cancer, edema, excess bleeding after miscarriage	[117,144]
Neorautanenia mitis (A.Rich.) Verdc.	Herb	Roots	Abortifacients	[141]
Newtonia buchananii (Baker) G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique	Tree	Bark, root	Malaria, anthelmintic, chest pains, gonorrhea, blood pressure, anemia, immune booster, fatigue, runny nose (cattle), colds, cough	[14,41,146]
Newtonia hildebrandtii (Vatke) Torre	Tree	Bark	Chest problems, dysentery, asthma and other respiratory disorders, malaria, stomach disorders	[41,72,77,80,129]
Ormocarpum keniense J.B.Gillett	Shrub	Leaves	Anthelmintic	[80]
Ormocarpum kirkii S.Moore	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, leaf	Postpartum bleeding, threatened abortion, cuts, wounds, septic swelling, diabetes mellitus, headache, swollen breasts, stomachache, livestock stomach cleansing, diarrhea, dislocations, joint swellings, malaria, colds	[14,85,90,100,105,127,142,143,145]
Ormocarpum sennoides (Willd.) DC.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Convulsions, prenatal care, gynecological pains, burns, children’s diseases	[127]
Ormocarpum trachycarpum (Taub.) Harms	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, stems, bark	Diarrhea, whooping cough, miscarriage, sunken fontanelle, swellings, cough, tuberculosis	[67,76,107,140]
Ormocarpum trichocarpum (Taub.) Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Ringworm, stomachache, ulcers, maintain pregnancy, pregnancy cramps, gastrointestinal disorders, bleeding after miscarriage, diarrhea, stomach problems, dislocations, joint swellings	[67,71,77,79,94,96,106,142,143]
Parkinsonia aculeata L. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Roots	Prevent miscarriage	[144]
Philenoptera bussei (Harms) Schrire	Tree	Leaves	Convulsions, venereal diseases, prenatal care	[127]
Philenoptera eriocalyx (Harms) Schrire	Tree	Leaves, bark, roots	Back/joint/bone problems, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, aphrodisiac, malaria, pneumonia, eye infections, wounds, ulcers, diabetes, blood pressure, stomachache, waterborne diseases, gonorrhea, rheumatism, digestion, chest pains	[14,41,80,84,100,104,129,132,142,148]
Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh.	Tree	Bark, leaves, roots	Livestock medicine, asthma, TB, chronic joint pains, amoeba, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, malaria, typhoid, dysentery, fever, respiratory ailments, snakebites, hookworm, skin infections, livestock respiratory symptoms, prolonged menstruation, gonorrhea and other venereal diseases, ear, stomachache, childbirth, fractures, colic pains, acaricide, venereal diseases, chest pains, bronchitis, diarrhea, blood pressure, cattle medicine, wounds/ulcers, diuretic	[14,41,66,74,80,82,84,107,112,116,120,130,133,142,143]
Platycelyphium voense (Engl.) Wild	Herb	Bark	Bone/joint pain, yellow fever, snake repellant	[100,137]
Polhillides velutina (Willd.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Sore eyes	[112]
Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Arn.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Abdominal pains, diarrhea	[87]
Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan	Liana	Roots, leaves	Colds, cough (asthma), splenomegaly, stomachache, TB, chest pains, joint pains, backache	[67,87,99,107,109,113,138,142,168]
Rhynchosia elegans A.Rich.	Herb	Roots	Cough, mental illness	[98,143]
Rhynchosia hirta (Andrews) Meikle & Verdc.	Herb/shrub		Ease child delivery, retained placenta	[143]
Rhynchosia resinosa (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Baker	Shrub	Leaf, stems, roots, bark	Acaricide	[133]
Senegalia adenocalyx (Brenan & Exell) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Septic swelling	[127]
Senegalia ataxacantha (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub	Roots, bark	Cough, pneumonia, malaria, eyes, boils, back/joint ache, gonorrhea	[14,77,80,84,129]
Senegalia brevispica (Harms) Seigler & Ebinger	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, aerial parts	Wounds, ringworm, headache/fontanelle, back/bone joints problems, giddiness, cough, livestock diseases, malaria, stomachache, diarrhea, itchy skin, rashes, removal of ganglion, colic pain after meals, infertility, swollen reproductive organs in men, anthelmintic, jaundice in infants, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, edema	[41,51,67,76,77,80,91,94,96,100,106,137,138,139,140,141,143,168]
Senegalia hamulosa (Benth.) Boatwr.	Shrub	Bark	Diarrhea	[77]
Senegalia mellifera (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Appetizer, tonic, indigestion, postpartum tonic, sore throat, ECF, convulsions, snakebites, joint pains, cholera, asthma, gonorrhea, back/bone problems, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, general body pains, malaria, wounds, STIs, stomachache, infertility, pneumonia, syphilis, rheumatism, back/joint ache, swollen legs, diarrhea, purgative	[41,51,80,84,90,91,92,96,97,100,104,106,107,110,127,129,130,138,139,141,142,147,168]
Senegalia montigena (Brenan & Exell) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub	Roots	Anthelmintic	[142]
Senegalia persiciflora (Pax) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Tree	Bark	Colic pain	[140]
Senegalia polyacantha (Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger	Tree	Leaves	Sores	[168]
Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Indigestion, stomachache, purgative, constipation, gonorrhea, diarrhea, abdominal disorders, abortion, malaria, skin rashes, eye medicine	[67,72,77,89,92,104,107,115,136,142,148]
Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb.	Shrub	Leaves	Diarrhea, relax infant’s body	[76]
Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby	Shrub/tree	Leaves, leaves, bark, stems, aerial parts	Cathartic, malaria, back pain in women, STIs, joint pain, eye infection, constipation, Chira, fever, typhoid, allergies, amoeba, bone problems, chest congestion, chickenpox, diarrhea, gall bladder, general body pains, hard stool, heartburn, measles, meat allergy, rheumatism, skin diseases, stomach disorders, swellings, urinary system infections, oral cavity infections, cancer, breast pain, skin swellings, emetic, purgative, diabetes mellitus, anthrax, boils, scurvy, mosquito/bee repellant, anaplasmosis (cow), helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), hepatitis, colorectal cancer, back pains, pimples, pneumonia (cattle, human), skin rashes, tonsils, headache, acaricide, ringworms, antihemorrhagic, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, pain/swelling of liver, anthelmintic (human, animals), poisonous, stomachache, enhance childbirth, constipation in cattle, skin care, abdominal and menstruation pains, mental problems, insecticide, asthma, gonorrhea, excess bile	[14,41,67,73,76,77,78,79,84,85,86,87,91,99,101,103,104,108,109,113,115,117,119,120,123,129,131,133,134,135,138,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,152,153,154,168]
Senna longiracemosa (Vatke) Lock	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, stems	Stomachache, cough, malaria, headache, fever, painkiller, abortifacient, vomiting, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, abdominal pains	[14,72,77,80,139,142,145]
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby	Herb	Leaves, seeds, roots	Children’s medicine, abortifacient	[91,142]
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Malaria, stomachache, diarrhea, typhoid, fever, backache, cough, chest pain, gastrointestinal problems, gastric complaints, cathartic, abdominal menstruation pains, fever and dizziness (people, livestock), snakebites, kidney problems, ECF, swollen testicles	[14,51,76,79,80,101,108,111,118,119,122,124,143,144,147,150]
Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (exotic)	Shrub	Leaves, roots, seeds	Inhalant, anaplasmosis (cow), helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), retained placenta, purgative, constipation, afterbirth pains, stomachache	[66,73,99,168]
Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (exotic)	Tree	Roots, stems, leaves	Snakebites, allergies, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, headache, injuries/cuts, wounds, malaria, TB, ulcers, gonorrhea, acaricide, stomachache	[41,106,126,133,143,147]
Senna singueana (Delile) Lock	Shrub/tree	Leaves, bark, roots	Prenatal care, general body pains, venereal diseases, anthrax, chickenpox, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, indigestions, diabetes mellitus, malaria, fevers, diarrhea, stomach disorders, sore throat, anthelmintic, acaricide, anthrax, elephantiasis	[14,41,68,77,84,85,127,129,133,142,145,147]
Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (exotic)	Tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Chronic joint pains, cramping, backbone, STIs, venereal diseases, joint ailment	[106,116,130,144]
Sesbania macrantha Welw. ex E.Phillips & Hutch.	Shrub	Leaves, stems	Acaricide	[133]
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, stems, roots, whole plant, bark, seeds	Stomach ailments, ulcers, tonic, throat/uterine/skin cancer, Chira, flu, childbirth, poultry, genital infections, constipation, acaricide, hunchback, jaundice, livestock blindness, afterbirth pains, retained placenta	[66,76,77,116,117,119,133,143,144]
Sophora tomentosa L.	Shrub		Fish poison	[142]
Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Malaria, first trimester abortion, pregnancy edema	[81,96]
Tamarindus indica L.	Tree	Roots, fruits, bark, leaves	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaria, stomachache, headache, dizziness, snake spits/bites, allergies, pimples, joint pains, amoeba, back/bone problems, chickenpox, cough, colds/flu, eye problems, appetizer, measles, ringworms, arthritis, gonorrhea, cancer, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, earache, dysentery, fevers, asthma, leprosy, ulcers, liver disease, acaricide, sores, ulcers, boils, rashes, amenorrhea, throat infections, anthelmintic, livestock diseases, laxative, tuberculosis, typhoid, general body malaise, leech, pneumonia, anemia, retained placenta, abdominal pain, tonsillitis, smallpox, edema	[14,41,51,66,76,77,80,85,88,96,98,99,106,110,111,112,121,124,127,132,133,134,137,139,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,150,151]
Tephrosia emeroides A.Rich.	Herb	Roots	Cough	[140]
Tephrosia interrupta Hochst. & Steud. ex Engl.	Shrub	Leaves	Poultry for fever, induce lactation (cows), sore throat	[144]
Tephrosia noctiflora Bojer ex Baker	Herb/shrub	Roots	Fever	[77]
Tephrosia polyphylla (Chiov.) J.B.Gillett	Herb	Roots	Fever	[77]
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.	Herb	Roots	Malaria	[74]
Tephrosia uniflora Pers.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Fever	[77]
Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers.	Herb	Roots	Prenatal care, cough, fever, malaria	[51,127]
Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f.	Herb	Roots, leaves, fruits, bark, seeds	Diseases, constipation, control of rodents ectoparasites, crop pests, general ectoparasites (cow, poultry), acaricide, fish poison	[73,74,133,142]
Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng.	Herb	Roots	Chira	[76]
Trifolium baccarinii Chiov.	Herb	Leaves	Infected gums	[144]
Trifolium rueppellianum Fresen.	Herb	Shoots	Fever in animals, measles, anthelmintic	[144]
Tylosema fassoglense (Kotschy ex Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc.	Herb/shrub	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Epilepsy, infertility in women, renal disease, cancer, epilepsy, constipation (huma, livestock), gastrointestinal complications e.g., stomachache, anemia, fever, jaundice, pneumonia, hypertension, fever/joint pains in livestock, acaricide, flu, asthma, diabetes, obesity, venereal diseases	[79,82,86,87,98,133,143,144]
Vachellia abyssinica (Hochst. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Spinal cord problem, body weakness, arthritis, gastrointestinal distress, lumbago, wounds, colds/flu, skin problems	[68,84,109,116,143,154]
Vachellia amythethophylla (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Tree	Leaves, roots, bark	Acaricide	[133]
Vachellia ancistroclada (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Indigestion, appetizer, tonic, malaria	[92,138]
Vachellia drepanolobium (Harms ex Y.Sjöstedt) P.J.H.Hurter	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, branches	Cleaning women after giving birth, postpartum pain, infertility, tonic, uterine cleaning, TB, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, diarrhea, rheumatism, sore throat, diuretic, retained placenta in (human, cows), babesiosis, gastrointestinal problems, malaria, livestock diseases, sore throat, stomachache	[41,67,68,73,77,90,92,105,121,129,135,138,142,143,168]
Vachellia elatior (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Tree	Bark	Diarrhea, stomach disorder, cough	[67,77,142]
Vachellia etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Tree	Bark, stems, roots	Stomachache, colds, venereal diseases, respiratory disorders, chest pains	[77,88,100,127,136]
Vachellia gerrardii (Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter	Shrub/tree	Stems, bark, roots, seeds	Retained placenta, prostrate problems, arthritis, wounds from poisoned arrows, bone pain, joint pain, backache, livestock diseases, digestion, stomachache, after-delivery tonic	[41,71,77,121,123,135,147,154]
Vachellia hockii (De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger	Shrub/tree	Bark, leaves, roots	Cancer, STIs, childbirth, diarrhea, malaria, labor cramps, stomachache, boils, swelling, gynecological problems, abdominal/colic pains, fecal impaction, astringent, colds/flu, gastrointestinal problems, cough, abscess, whitlow, venereal diseases, joint ailments	[72,76,77,84,88,91,97,99,118,136,140,141,143,144]
Vachellia horrida (L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub	Bark	Stomach disorders	[77]
Vachellia kirkii (Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Tree	Bark	Abdominal pains	[139]
Vachellia lahai (Steud. & Hochst. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Tree	Bark, roots, leaves, gum	Skin eruptions, astringent, stomachache, toxemias of pregnancy and bowels	[88,91,120,132,141,142,143]
Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.	Tree	Bark, roots, stems, seeds	Indigestion, tonic, painful joints/arthritis, stomachache, wounds, body aches, stomachic, stamina, stimulant, gonorrhea, chest pain, upper respiratory diseases, stomachache, joint pains, colds/flu, cough, amoeba, arthritis, back/bone problems, heartburn, burns, malaria, medicine antidote, anthelmintic (human, cattle), eye infection, diabetes, gastrointestinal complications, babesiosis, pregnancy edema, women after giving a birth, aphrodisiac, acaricide, diarrhea, dysentery, leprosy, ulcers, cancers/tumors, abdominal/colic pains, headache, tuberculosis, constipation, venereal diseases, sores, rashes, sore eyes, eyelids, liver enlargement, chest pains, firms stool, typhoid, stomach upsets/ulcers, spleen problems, kidney problems, fever, asthma, fibroids, infertility, throat cleaning and bloat in cattle, retained placenta, bleeding gums, sore throat, tonsils, kwashiorkor	[14,41,51,67,68,71,72,77,80,81,83,89,90,91,92,93,96,99,100,102,105,106,107,110,112,123,127,129,130,132,133,135,138,139,141,142,147,148,149,150,151,168]
Vachellia oerfota (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub	Stems, bark, roots, leaves, seeds	Retained placenta, STIs, postpartum tonic, facilitate lactation, rejuvenation, diarrhea, women’s stomach pain, hepatitis, fever, gonorrhea, bone disease, gonorrhea, malaria, rheumatism, typhoid, amoeba, joint diseases, facilitate lactation, purgative, mouth blisters	[72,77,90,92,107,132,138,142,149]
Vachellia paolii (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub	Bark	Skin diseases	[142]
Vachellia reficiens (Wawra & Peyr.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots	Strengthener, appetizer, tonic/adaptogen, laxative, stomach disorders, stomachache, aphrodisiac	[77,90,99]
Vachellia robusta (Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Tree	Roots, bark	Retained placenta, livestock diseases, chest pains, colds, cough, bronchial obstruction, malaria	[90,92,98,100,127,135]
Vachellia seyal (Delile) P.J.H.Hurter	Tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Diarrhea, cough, colds, blood cleanser, chronic joint pains, amoeba, stomachache, livestock diseases, headache, abdominal pains, induce perspiration, appetizer, gastrointestinal problems, malaria	[41,64,88,111,127,130,132,135,141,142,143,168]
Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Tree	Bark, branches, fruits, roots, stems	Given to women after delivery to help in healing, acaricide	[133,135]
Vachellia stuhlmannii (Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, bark	Cholera, pneumonia, cough, sores, ulcers, boils	[112,127]
Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi	Tree	Bark, roots, fruits	Gonorrhea, malaria, stomachache, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, pancreatic diseases, pains, pneumonia, wounds, fever, polio, protracted labor, bone disease/strength, indigestion, clean kidneys, cancer, diarrhea, chest pains, swollen legs, retained placenta, abdominal pains/swelling, mouth diseases/ulcers	[41,51,72,77,80,81,91,92,97,100,104,106,129,138,139,142,148]
Vachellia xanthophloea (Benth.) Banfi & Galasso	Tree	Bark, roots	Pneumonia, appetizer, skin disorders, fatigue, typhoid, diarrhea, stomach disorders, peptic ulcers, amoeba, hypertension, renal disorders, female infertility, mumps, cancer, arthritis, sore throat (human), cough (livestock, human), malaria, foot and mouth (ruminants, poultry, cows), indigestion, constipation, colds, receding gums, sore throat	[41,73,82,86,92,104,105,138,142,152,168]
Vachellia zanzibarica (S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Stomachache, diarrhea, cough, asthma, septic swelling, snakebites	[127]
Vigna schimperi Baker	Herb	Leaves	Tonsils	[144]
Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.	Herb	Leaves, seeds	Nutritional supplement	[66]
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.	Herb	Roots, leaves, seeds	Boils, conjunctivitis, poisonous	[94,143,168]
Linaceae
Hugonia castaneifolia Engl.	Shrub/liana	Roots	Snakebites, convulsions, colds	[127,142]
Linderniaceae
Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst.	Herb		Toothache	[143]
Loganiaceae
Strychnos henningsii Gilg	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, branches, bark	Arthritis, stomachache, malaria, body/joint/bone pain, epilepsy, diabetes, back pain in women, postpartum pain, amoeba, cough, colds/flu, headache, stomach disorders, swellings, typhoid, anthelmintic, mosquito repellant, delayed labor, prevent first/second trimester abortion, vomiting, pregnancy edema, pregnancy anemia, postpartum hemorrhage, fever, induce abortion, make arrow poison, rheumatism, chest pain, strengthen bones, dysmenorrhea, impotence, ulcers, muscular pains/swellings, diarrhea, general body weakness, pneumonia, alcohol hangover, swollen legs and body pains in pregnancy, wounds, gastrointestinal complaints, snakebites, constipation, kidney pains	[14,41,51,64,77,81,84,85,93,96,99,100,102,103,104,105,107,113,129,130,135,138,139,140,142,146,147,149,151,168]
Strychnos innocua Delile	Shrub/tree	Leaves, seeds	Acaricide	[133]
Strychnos madagascariensis Poir.	Shrub/tree	Roots, fruits	Enhances conception and pregnancy, jiggers	[127,150]
Strychnos spinosa Lam.	Shrub/tree	Roots, seeds, leaves, bark	Stomach ailments, pneumonia, asthma, induce labor pains, colds, flu, acaricide, jiggers, abortifacient, poisonous	[106,112,127,133,142]
Loranthaceae
Agelanthus oehleri (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens	Shrub	Shoots, whole plant	Prevent miscarriage, enhance conception in sterile women	[77,144]
Agelanthus pennatulus (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Chest problems, malaria, fever, pneumonia, colds, joint pain, stomach complications	[109]
Agelanthus sansibarensis (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens	Shrub	Leaves, branches	Headache	[99]
Emelianthe panganensis (Engl.) Danser		Whole plant	Prevent miscarriage	[77]
Englerina woodfordioides (Schweinf.) Balle ex M.G. Gilbert	Shrub	Whole plant, bark, twigs	Pneumonia, liver/spleen diseases, pneumonia, liver enlargement, heartburn	[67,99,132,141]
Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tiegh.		Bark	Snake bite wounds	[99]
Oliverella hildebrandtii (Engl.) Tiegh.	Shrub	Whole plant	Prevent miscarriage	[77]
Oncocalyx fischeri (Engl.) M.G.Gilbert	Shrub	Whole plant, bark, twigs	Pain, retained afterbirth, wounds, prevent miscarriage	[67,68,77]
Phragmanthera usuiensis (Oliv.) M.G.Gilbert	Shrub	Whole branch, branches, bark, leaves, roots	Clean umbilical cord wound, paralysis, stroke, gout, stomach cancer, arthritis, pneumonia, pain, colds, stroke, gout, liver diseases	[67,99,120,135,141,154]
Plicosepalus curviflorus (Benth. ex Oliv.) Tiegh.	Shrub	Twigs	Pneumonia	[67]
Tapinanthus buvumae (Rendle) Danser	Shrub		Heartburn	[132]
Lythraceae
Lawsonia inermis L.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Emetic, stomach problems, dysentery/severe diarrhea, women’s stomach disorder after birth	[72,77,142]
Punica granatum L. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Fruits, seeds, roots	Amoeba, infertility, malaria, meat appetite, STIs, stomachache, tonsilitis, pneumonia, wounds, erectile dysfunction/impotence, gonorrhea, diarrhea, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac	[14,41,84,146,168]
Rotala tenella (Guill. & Perr.) Hiern	Herb	Whole plant	Blood cleanser, lumbago, peripheral neuropathy, muscle cramps, joint pains, pre/post-menopausal syndromes, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, hyperlipidemia	[88]
Malpighiaceae
Caucanthus auriculatus (Radlk.) Nied.	Liana	Roots	Bone pain, rheumatism, backache, malaria	[77]
Triaspis mozambica A. Juss.	Liana	Leaves	Stomach medicine	[142]
Malvaceae
Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet	Herb/shrub		Retained placenta	[136]
Abutilon longicuspe Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Shrub		Retained placenta	[136]
Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medik.	Herb/shrub	Seeds, roots, leaves	Dysentery, retained placenta, expectorant, aphrodisiac	[136,141,142,168]
Adansonia digitata L.	Tree	Leaves, bark, fruits, roots	Dizziness, nausea, headache, hypertension, children’s diseases, skin infections, malaria, fly repellant, fumigant, arrow poison antidote, erectile dysfunction/impotence,epilepsy, body swellings, kidney stones, measles, appetizer, backache, stomachache, anthelmintic, abdominal pains, tie umbilical cord	[14,80,84,100,111,127,129,134,139,145,150]
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (exotic)	Tree	Bark	General body pains	[116]
Ceiba speciosa (A.St.-Hil., A.Juss. & Cambess.) Ravenna (exotic)	Tree	Bark	Wounds	[116]
Corchorus olitorius L.	Herb	Leaves	Wounds, infant’s mouth, growth, teething in babies	[108,120]
Corchorus trilocularis L.	Herb	Leaves	Snakebites, applied to gums to treat plastic teeth in infants, sore throat, vomiting	[126,143,144]
Dombeya burgessiae Gerrard ex Harv.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Cough, stomach ulcers, retained placenta, pneumonia, hiccups, wounds, stomach upsets	[84,142,144]
Dombeya kirkii Mast.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Strength, yaws	[77,143]
Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch.	Tree	Bark, roots, stems, leaves	Dysentery, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, malaria, wounds, rheumatism, diarrhea, meningitis, typhoid, joint pains, stomachache	[41,77,84,99,105,129,141,168]
Dombeya taylorii Baker f.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Stomach ailments	[127]
Dombeya torrida (J.F.Gmel.) Bamps	Tree	Roots, leaves, bark	Diarrhea, stomachache, backache, typhoid fever, livestock diseases, malaria, anthelmintic, chest problems, pre/post-menopausal syndrome, allergies, joint pains, STI’s, sustain pregnancy, joints, rheumatism, indigestion, allergies, vomiting, goiter, abdominal pains, liver diseases, vertigo,chest pains, colds, cough, retained placenta	[14,41,67,88,99,109,120,127,131,132,141,168]
Grewia arborea (Forssk.) Lam.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, bark	Chronic joint pains	[130]
Grewia forbesii Harv. ex Mast.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Convulsions	[127]
Grewia holstii Burret	Shrub	Roots	Stomach ailments, asthma	[127]
Grewia kakothamnos K.Schum.	Shrub	Roots, bark	Skull fissures, cough, injuries, cuts, wounds, malaria, gonorrhea, stomach problems	[41,84,92,139,142]
Grewia lilacina K.Schum.	Herb	Roots	Strength	[77]
Grewia micrantha Bojer	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Dysentery, pneumonia	[142]
Grewia microcarpa K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Diarrhea	[108]
Grewia plagiophylla K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, bark, roots	Diarrhea, pre/post-natal care, kidney trouble, fever, blood clotting, excess menstrual bleeding, paralysis, yellow fever, malaria, obesity, skin diseases, epilepsy	[75,100,127,142,150]
Grewia similis K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, stems	Stomachache, constipation, wounds, bleeding gums, diabetes, impotency, sores, malaria, menstrual problems	[83,106,138,147,168]
Grewia tembensis Fresen.	Shrub	Bark	Reduced appetite, swollen diaphragm	[51]
Grewia tephrodermis K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Stem, bark, leaves, roots, seeds	Eye infections, malaria, chest pains, snakebites, cough, colds/flu, diarrhea, respiratory disorders, boils, sores, gonorrhea, infertility, retained placenta, livestock disease, soreness after birth, acaricide, stomach upsets, wounds, backache, cuts, respiratory disorders, aphrodisiac, edema, skin rashes	[14,41,51,72,80,89,92,94,100,107,124,133,135,139,143]
Grewia trichocarpa Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Skin, malaria, diarrhea, acaricide	[76,111,120,133]
Grewia truncata Mast.	Shrub	Roots, bark	Chest pains, convulsions, diarrhea	[100,127]
Grewia villosa Willd.	Shrub	Bark, twigs, leaves, roots, stems, fruits	Appetizer, galactagogue, tonic, stomachache, diarrhea, rheumatism, malaria, facial swellings, sore/swollen eyes, spleen diseases, cancer of breast and prostate glands,body swellings, excessive menstrual flow, remove thorns pierced into the skin, retained placenta	[14,41,51,77,84,90,92,100,134,139,141,142,145]
Heritiera littoralis Aiton	Tree	Roots	Anthelmintic, stomachache, mouth infection, toothache	[76]
Hibiscus aethiopicus L.	Herb	Roots	Spleen pain	[140]
Hibiscus aponeurus Sprague & Hutch.	Herb	Roots, leaves	Burns, rashes, boil, abdominal pains, fever, anemia, HIV/AIDs, dysentery, diarrhea, dermatitis, stomachache, fever	[67,77,141,143,147]
Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav.	Shrub	Roots, leaves, aerial parts, stems	Acaricide, abdominal pains	[133,139]
Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq.	Shrub	Bark	Malaria, appetizer, vomiting, diarrhea, colds, pneumonia	[100,109,168]
Hibiscus faulknerae Vollesen	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Convulsions, toothache	[127]
Hibiscus flavifolius Ulbr.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Burns	[67]
Hibiscus fuscus Garcke	Herb	Roots, bark, seeds, leaves	Cough, colds/flu, swollen feet, rheumatism, stroke, chest problems, wounds, aphrodisiac, chest pain, induce spasms during childbirth, sprained muscles/limbs	[41,99,115,119,143,144,147,168]
Hibiscus greenwayi Baker f.	Shrub	Bark	Colds	[72]
Hibiscus kabuyeanus Mwachala	Herb	Leaves	Boils	[100]
Hibiscus ludwigii Eckl. & Zeyh.	Herb/shrub		Wounds	[136]
Hibiscus micranthus L.f.	Herb	Roots, leaves	Eye infections, boils, Chira, stomach ulcers, mental disorders, cuts, fever, anemia, HIV/AIDs, chicken diarrhea	[14,76,77,80,84,100,143]
Hibiscus vitifolius L.	Herb	Roots	Inflammations, wounds, eyes problems	[14,80,136]
Kosteletzkya adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Mast.	Herb/shrub	Shoots	Menstrual fever	[144]
Malva parviflora L.	Herb	Roots	Boils	[152]
Malva verticillata L.	Herb	Exudate, roots	Wounds, boils, toothache	[168]
Melhania muricata Balf.f.	Shrub	Roots	Arthritis, pneumonia, lung problems	[92]
Melhania ovata (Cav.) Spreng.	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Wounds, burns	[72]
Melochia corchorifolia L.	Herb/shrub	Roots, leaves	Chest blockage, sore throat, reduce fetal movements, typhoid, flu, waterborne diseases, headache, mumps, retained placenta	[89,109,120,132,144]
Pavonia arabica Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss.	Herb	Whole plant	Fever	[77]
Pavonia burchellii (DC.) R.A.Dyer	Herb	Roots	Eye problems (chalazion, conjunctivitis, proptosis tumors, retina blastoma), diarrhea	[95,147]
Pavonia urens Cav.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Rheumatism, barrenness	[41,138]
Rhodognaphalon mossambicense (A.Robyns) A.Robyns	Tree	Roots	Asthma, coughs, diarrhea	[127]
Sida cordifolia L.	Herb	Roots, leaves	Skin cancer, family planning	[117,119]
Sida javensis Cav.	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Internal injury, bleeding, back pain	[122]
Sida massaica Vollesen	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Excess gas in stomach, sprains	[146,152]
Sida ovata Forssk.	Herb/shrub		Remove retained placenta (cows), wounds, kwashiorkor	[80,138]
Sida rhombifolia L.	Herb	Leaves	Uterine/skin/squamous cell carcinoma of the gums, diarrhea, stomachache, sunken fontanelle	[76,117]
Sida schimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Shrub	Roots, whole plant	Colic pain, anthelmintic	[140,144]
Sida tenuicarpa Vollesen	Shrub	Roots, leaves, whole plants, aerial parts	Respiratory disorders, peptic ulcers, rheumatism, diarrhea, protracted labor, pregnancy edema, boils, wounds, pregnancy complications, chest complication, appetizer, chest pains, kidney problemssore throat, kwashiorkor	[41,81,88,119,122,138,143,147,168]
Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori	Tree	Bark, aerial parts, seeds, roots	Malaria, erectile dysfunction, stomach upsets, diarrhea, heart problem, dysentery, rectal prolapse, asthma	[51,72,91,100,129,150]
Sterculia appendiculata K.Schum.	Tree	Roots	Stomach ailments, hypertension	[127]
Sterculia rhynchocarpa K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Induce labor pains, venereal diseases	[127]
Sterculia stenocarpa H.J.P.Winkl.	Herb/shrub	Roots, bark	Back/joint/bone problems, indigestion, malaria, anthelmintic, stomachache	[14,41,77]
Thespesia danis Oliv.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Infertility in women, convulsions, septic swelling, gonorrhea, fibroids, female sexual problems	[127,142,150]
Thespesia garckeana F.Hoffm.	Shrub/tree	Fruits, bark	Amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, malaria, typhoid, stomach disorders, acidity, epigastric distress, heartburn, abdominal pain	[41,140,147]
Triumfetta brachyceras K.Schum.	Shrub	Boils, leaves	Boils, retained placenta, boils, malignant cells	[99,143,144]
Triumfetta cordifolia A.Rich.	Shrub	Leaves	Hepatic diseases	[99]
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.	Herb/shrub	Leaves, roots	Colorectal/uterine/squamous cell carcinoma of the gums, labor pain, reduce blood flow after birth, whooping cough	[76,117,119,144]
Waltheria indica L.	Shrub	Leaves	Skin/uterine/breast cancer	[117]
Marantaceae
Maranta arundinacea L. (exotic)	Herb		Tonsilitis	[41]
Melastomataceae
Antherotoma naudinii Hook.f.	Herb		Increase milk letdown in livestock	[144]
Antherotoma senegambiensis (Guill. & Perr.) Jacq.-Fél.	Herb	Leaves	Falling person diseases	[143]
Dissotis speciosa Taub.	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Diarrhea, cough	[99,125]
Dupineta brazzae (Cogn.) Ver.-Lib. & G.Kadereit	Herb	Leaves	Cough	[144]
Heterotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Jacq.-Fél.	Herb	Leaves	Cough	[134]
Memecylon teitense Wickens	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Malaria, fever	[145]
Tristemma mauritianum J.F.Gmel.	Herb	Leaves	Allergies, heart ailment, labor pains, proper fetus positioning	[119,144]
Warneckea amaniensis Gilg	Shrub/tree	Roots	Bronchial trouble	[142]
Meliaceae
Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (exotic)	Tree	Bark, leaves, roots, fruits	Eye/ear infections, typhoid, ringworms, genital thrush, herpes, malaria, fever, body pains, insect bites, pest control, skin rashes, HIV/AIDs, Chira, cholera, amoeba, back/joint/bone pains, blood purifier, brucellosis, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, diabetes, hypertension, injuries/cuts, wounds, appetizer, numbness, pimples, pneumonia, rheumatism, skin diseases, STIs, stomach disorders, anthelmintic, helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), weakness/dullness (cow, goat, sheep, poultry, pig), acaricide, boils, pimples, hepatitis, leprosy, ulcers, abdominal pains, infertility, edema, continuous menstruation, contraceptive, gonorrhea, diarrhea, gout, yellow fever, arthritis, fatigue, antiseptic, insect repellant (moth/mosquito) skin care, arthralgia, asthenia, measles	[14,41,64,66,68,73,75,84,85,93,96,98,105,106,107,108,110,111,125,129,133,138,144,145,146,147,150,151,168]
Ekebergia capensis Sparrm.	Tree	Bark, roots, flowers, fruits, stems, leaves	Diarrhea, stomach problems, difficult delivery in women, chest problems, pneumonia, earache, infertility in women, menstrual disorders, joint pains, kidney problem, spinal cord problem, fever, typhoid, dysentery, skin allergies, backache, chest problems, diarrhea (cow), fever, body swellings, arthritis, malaria, anthelmintic, heartburn, emetic, cough, colds, headache, gastritis, skin rashes, fungal infections, acne, abscesses, livestock diseases (respiratory symptoms, anthelmintic), tonic, skin/throat/breast cancer, skin cancer, TB, expectorant, acaricide, purgative, abdominal pains	[14,41,82,88,91,97,99,104,109,117,120,131,133,141,145,147,152,154,168]
Lepidotrichilia volkensii (Gürke) J.-F.Leroy	Tree	Leaves	Scalp in babies	[144]
Melia azedarach L.		Leaves, bark, roots	Abdominal pains, STIs, malaria, measles, immunity booster, typhoid, colorectal/esophageal cancer, stomachache, diarrhea, gut diseases, dysentery, kidney ailments, blood cleanser, skin diseases, headache, acaricide, colds/flu, fever	[41,76,79,87,101,104,108,116,117,119,120,124,133,143,150]
Melia volkensii Gürke	Tree	Roots, leaves, fruits, bark	Cholera, constipation, malaria, boils, amoeba, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, pneumonia, stomach disorders, insecticide, gum/tooth ache, ear problems, swollen legs, abdominal pains, edema	[14,41,51,77,80,96,139,147]
Trichilia dregeana Sond.	Tree	Bark	Stomach ailments, poisoning	[144]
Trichilia emetica Vahl	Tree	Bark, leaves, twigs, root	Flu, general body weakness, fever, stomachache, STIs, malaria, amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, epilepsy, pancreas diseases, rheumatism, anthelmintic, moisturizer, poisoned arrow wounds, body aches, pneumonia, inappetence, breast/skin/colorectal cancer, scabies, boils, chest problems, whooping cough, TB, gut, constipation, prenatal care, abortifacients, infertility, measles, dysentery, diarrhea, cardiac conditions, veterinary, emetic, poisonous, cuts/bruises, purgative, abdominal pains, kidney problems, skin diseases, immune booster, jiggers, body swellings, venereal diseases, induce labor pains, stomach ailments in livestock, insecticide (cockroaches, bedbugs)	[14,41,66,74,80,84,101,104,112,116,117,125,134,141,142,144,145,147,168]
Turraea abyssinica Hochst.	Shrub/tree	Stem, bark, leaves, roots	Tonic, anthelmintic	[107,135]
Turraea floribunda Hochst.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Cough	[142]
Turraea holstii Gürke	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, bark	Acaricide, painkiller, nerval disorder, laxative, menstrual cycle, anthelmintic in cattle, measles, diarrhea, stomach congestion	[133,144,145,168]
Turraea mombassana Hiern ex C.DC.	Shrub	Fruits, roots, stems, bark	Emetic, malaria, dizziness, body pains, joint diseases, excess bile, fever	[67,104,105,107,135,140,149]
Turraea robusta Gürke	Tree	Roots, bark, whole plant	STIs, anthelmintic, malaria, acaricide	[104,118,133,147]
Turraea wakefieldii Oliv.	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Measles, chest pain, chickenpox, cough	[150]
Melianthaceae
Bersama abyssinica Fresen.	Tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Urinary tract infections, STIs, enlarged prostate gland, eye inflammation, colds, stomach complications, fever, livestock diseases, birth difficulty, bleeding, stomachache, pneumonia, TB, malaria, amoebiasis, diabetes mellitus, joints/backbone, aphrodisiac, poisonous to livestock, cancer, chest problems, infertility, syphilis	[66,85,86,108,109,113,116,120,131,138,141,142,144,152,168]
Menispermaceae
Chasmanthera dependens Hochst.	Liana	Stems	Stomachache, diarrhea	[51,139]
Cissampelos mucronata A.Rich.	Liana	Roots, leaves, stems	Malaria, hypertension, abortifacient, stomach ailments, constipation, abdominal pain, whooping cough, burns, snakebite antidote	[101,120,143,144,147]
Cissampelos pareira L.	Liana	Roots, bark, leaves	Wounds, snakebites, amoeba, asthma, diarrhea, typhoid, vomiting, anthelmintic, malaria, abdominal severe pains in women, stomachache, hypertension, cough, sore throat, colds, gastric complaints, urinary disorders, venereal diseases	[14,41,51,86,99,103,104,127,128,129,150,168]
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob.	Liana	Leaves	Stomachache	[142]
Cocculus pendulus (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Diels	Liana	Wood	Emetic	[142]
Jateorhiza palmata (Lam.) Miers	Liana	Roots	Stomach medicine	[142]
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp.	Liana	Roots, leaves, bark	Liver problems, colic in infants, stomachache, malaria, diarrhea/dysentery (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), heart problems, gonorrhea, impotency	[73,74,104,119,152,168]
Molluginaceae
Paramollugo nudicaulis (Lam.) Thulin	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Flu, madness, cough, mental illness/madness	[76,98,143]
Monimiaceae
Xymalos monospora (Harv.) Baill.	Tree	Bark, roots	General body relief, anthelmintic, stomachache	[14]
Moraceae
Antiaris toxicaria (J.F.Gmel.) Lesch.	Tree	Leaves, bark, roots	Fontanel gap, abdominal pains, STIs, kidney ailments, ringworms	[116,122]
Ficus amadiensis De Wild.	Tree	Fruits, bark, roots, latex	Acaricide	[133]
Ficus asperifolia Miq.	Shrub	Latex	Skin swellings in human/livestock	[142]
Ficus benjamina L. (exotic)	Tree		Chest problems, diarrhea, headache, livestock diseases, stomach disorders	[41]
Ficus bussei Warb. ex Mildbr. & Burret	Tree	Roots, leaves	Malaria	[111]
Ficus cordata Thunb.	Tree	Bark, roots, stems	Boost immunity, improve general health	[135]
Ficus glumosa Delile	Shrub/tree	Root, bark, fruit, latex	Stomachache, diarrhea, acaricide	[77,99,133]
Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Diarrhea	[142]
Ficus lutea Vahl	Tree	Leaves, roots, bark	Sore throat, asthma, heavy menstruation, general illness, veterinary uses	[116]
Ficus natalensis Hochst.	Tree	Fruits, bark, roots, latex, stems, leaves	Toothache, skin infections, teeth problems, diabetes mellitus, arthritis	[66,85,109,116,132]
Ficus populifolia Vahl	Shrub/tree	Latex	Sore eyes	[142]
Ficus scassellatii Pamp.	Tree		Stomach problems, malaria	[136]
Ficus sur Forssk.	Tree	Bark, roots, fruits, latex	Diarrhea, vomiting, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, pneumonia, malaria, pregnancy edema, toothache, acaricide, stomachache	[41,67,77,81,104,116,120,133,142]
Ficus sycomorus L.	Tree	Leaves, bark, latex, fruits	Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, uterine cleaning, excess menstrual flow/inconsistency, clean uterus after birth, afterbirth bleeding, toothache, stomachache, joint pains, allergies, amoeba, dental problems, clean kidney, malaria, meat allergy, pneumonia, body swellings, typhoid, abortifacient, constipation, colic pains, gut problems, abdominal discomfort, acaricide, scrofula, cough, chest diseases, dysentery, snakebites, laxative, anthelmintic, liver troubles, stomachache and hemorrhage in pregnancy	[14,41,51,66,77,89,100,105,108,110,113,116,127,130,133,135,139,143,145,146,168]
Ficus thonningii Blume	Tree	Bark, latex, roots	Malaria, respiratory problems, excess menstrual flow/pains, joint pains, toothache, livestock diseases, arthritis, liver diseases, edema, dental problems, diarrhea, STIs, typhoid, uterine problems, cancer, toxicity, prevent abortion, diarrhea/dysentery (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), chest problems, stomachache, acaricide, sore throat, wounds, constipation, nose bleeding, mouth sores, venereal diseases, fever	[41,73,81,86,88,100,101,105,113,116,132,133,143,144,145,146,147,152,168]
Ficus vasta Forssk.	Tree	Bark, roots, fruits, buds, latex	Liver disease, edema, acaricide, astringent	[88,133,141]
Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C.Berg	Tree		Allergies, bites, cancer, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, family planning, hypertension, malaria, stomach disorders, STIs, typhoid	[41]
Morus alba L. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves, fruits	Cough, colds/flu, dental problems, rheumatism, stomach disorders, blindness, anthelmintic, blood recharge	[41,74,106]
Morus mesozygia Stapf	Tree	Stems, bark	Urinary tract infections, veterinary	[116]
Morus nigra L. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves	Arthritis	[154]
Trilepisium madagascariense DC.	Tree	Bark	Joint/backbone problems	[116]
Moringaceae
Moringa borziana Mattei	Herb/shrub	Roots	Swollen legs/pains in pregnancy, retained placenta, abdominal pains, increase milk letdown, edema, malaria, gonorrhea	[51,139]
Moringa oleifera Lam.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, seeds, flowers	Back pain, HIV/AIDs, amoeba, asthma, clean blood, cancer, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, detoxifier, fibroids, immune booster, malaria, protein source, rheumatism, stomach disorders/acid, typhoid, hypertension, toothache, ulcers, whiten teeth, diabetes, fungal infection, herpes zoster, genital thrush, herpes simplex, syphilis, anemia, arthritis, malaise, vitamin/iron source, hysteria, conjunctivitis, reproductive disorder, diabetes	[14,41,83,96,98,106,110,145,150]
Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod.	Tree	Roots	Fever	[77]
Musaceae
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman	Tree	Roots, exudate, fruits, stems	Infertility, snakebite, measles, runny eyes, rumbling stomach, tapeworms, livestock diseases, rheumatism, dental problems, dislocations, injuries/cuts/wounds, STIs, arthritis, heartburn, liver diseases/enlargement, medicine for cows, eye infection, earache/infection, stomachache	[41,87,91,100,116,120,126,132,141,144,145,152,154,168]
Musa × paradisiaca L. (exotic)	Tree	Roots, bark, exudate	Ear infections, asthma, cough, gonorrhea, family planning, wounds, female infertility, ant repellent	[14,66,113,116,146,150]
Musa acuminata Colla (exotic)	Tree	Bark	Blood pressure	[105]
Myricaceae
Myrica salicifolia Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Shrub/tree	Bark, stems, leaves, roots	Urinary tract problems, tonic, tonsillitis, cough, chest congestion, goiter, malaria, livestock diseases, anodyne, abdominal pains, asthma, stomach upsets, analgesic, respiratory diseases, colds, anti-acid, intoxicating property, throat infections	[14,67,72,86,93,103,104,107,120,121,141,145,168]
Myrothamnaceae
Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw.	Shrub	Leaves	Chest pain	[77]
Myrtaceae
Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson (exotic)	Tree	Bark, leaves	Fever, flu, cough	[143]
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves	Colds	[98]
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves	Allergies, back/joint/bone problems, chest problems, chickenpox, cough, colds/flu, fever, headache, injuries, cuts/wounds, livestock diseases, malaria, measles, pneumonia, rheumatism, skin diseases, slow urine passing, smallpox, stomach disorders, measles, pimples	[41,84,115,116]
Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden (exotic)	Tree	Bark, leaves, roots	Fever, colds, headache	[150]
Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves	Chickenpox, livestock diseases	[152]
Eucalyptus robusta Sm. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves	Skin infections, chickenpox, measles, asthma	[109]
Eucalyptus saligna Sm. (exotic)	Tree		Back pain in women, cough, colds/flu, injuries/cuts, wounds, malaria, skin diseases, chicken diseases, fever, toothache, measles, stomach ailments, allergy, poison emetic, chickenpox, bloat in cattle	[14,41,74,84,136,145,146,147]
Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves	Smallpox	[106]
Psidium guajava L. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves, bark, fruits, roots	Constipation, malaria, allergies, amoeba, jaundice, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, chest problems, goiter, painkiller, rheumatism, skin diseases, typhoid, stomachache, cancer, STIs, nausea, diarrhea, colic pains, anthelmintic (human, animals), typhoid, dysentery, inflammatory, ringworms, ulcers, diabetes fever, hypertension, toothache, reproductive disorders, wounds, boils, runny nose	[14,41,76,84,88,96,99,106,108,116,119,143,145,146,150,168]
Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex Krauss	Tree	Leaves, bark, fruits, stems, roots	Colds, diarrhea, afterbirth stomachache, stomachache, malaria, typhoid, strength/tonic, gastrointestinal complications, acaricide, abdominal pains, cleaning blood	[14,41,67,68,72,87,120,133,136,141,142,143,152,168]
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels	Tree	Fruits, leaves, bark, roots	Dysentery, dysentery, gut problems, acaricide, boils, stomach complications, emetic, cough, hypertension	[66,98,116,122,133,145]
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC.	Tree	Bark, roots, fruits	Infertility, typhoid, wounds, paresthesia, cancer, invigorant, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, diarrhea, HIV/AIDs, malaria, tonic, rheumatism, stomachache, skin cancer, kidney ailments, veterinary uses, menstrual pains, acaricide, eye problem, heartburn, fever, indigestion, aphrodisiac	[41,66,67,77,88,109,116,117,119,132,133,140,144,145,168]
Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia erecta L.	Herb	Leaves	Diarrhea, ringworm	[76]
Commicarpus helenae (Roem. & Schult.) Meikle	Herb		Tonic, malaria, earache, wounds	[136]
Commicarpus plumbagineus (Cav.) Standl.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Malaria, earache, headache, cuts, removing ganglion	[72,91,99]
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.	Herb	Stems, leaves	Stomach ailments, chest conditions	[134]
Ochnaceae
Ochna holstii Engl.	Tree		Stomachache, emetic when poison ingested	[145]
Ochna insculpta Sleumer	Shrub/tree	Roots, seeds, leaves	Strength, chest pain, diarrhea in children, boils, children fever	[14,77,140]
Ochna mossambicensis Klotzsch	Shrub/tree	Roots	Stomachache	[142]
Ochna ovata F. Hoffm.	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Sore/inflamed skin, stomachache, poison emetic	[80,145]
Ochna thomasiana Engl. & Gilg	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Menstrual disorders, leprosy, miscarriage	[127]
Olacaceae
Strombosia scheffleri Engl.	Tree	Leaves, bark	Stomachache, tonic, insecticide	[77,84]
Ximenia americana L.	Shrub/tree	Stem, bark, leaves, roots, fruits	Malaria, stomachache, constipation, uterine bleeding, tonic, venereal diseases, toothache, boils, skin rashes, abscesses, back/bone problems, dental problems, rheumatism, skin diseases, stomach acid, thorn pricks, joint pains, pneumonia, gum pains, diarrhea, acaricide, wounds, tonsillitis, mouth sores, fever, cough, anemia, menstrual pains (dysmenorrhea), gonorrhea, respiratory problems, vomiting, constipation, gynecological problems, pleuritis, HIV, rheumatoid arthritis	[14,41,71,77,79,84,90,91,94,98,100,104,105,106,107,108,112,124,127,133,135,138,140,143,146,147,150]
Ximenia caffra Sond.	Shrub/tree	Roots, fruits, bark, leaves	Ulcers, wounds, asthma, livestock diseases, anthelmintic, diarrhea, toothache, painkiller, malaria, fevers, acute upper respiratory tract infections, dermatitis, ulcers, toothache, mouth infection, stomachache, abdominal pains	[14,68,72,74,76,77,80,118,138,141]
Oleaceae
Jasminum abyssinicum Hochst. ex DC.	Liana	Roots, leaves, bark	Diarrhea, oral thrush, chest pains, weak joints, malaria, spinal cord aches, cough, aphrodisiac, wounds	[132,152]
Jasminum dichotomum Vahl	Liana	Leaves	Menstrual pains, epilepsy	[143]
Jasminum fluminense Vell.	Shrub/liana	Roots, leaves	Heartburn, headache, Wuoyo, snakebites, cough, chest/joint pains, insecticide, wounds, menstrual pains, leprosy	[71,76,77,86,99,142,143,168]
Jasminum grandiflorum L.	Liana	Leaves, roots, whole plant	Malaria, laxative, stomachache, diarrhea, anthelmintic, cough, chest pains, liver diseases, HIV/AIDs	[67,109,120,140,141,142,143]
Jasminum streptopus E.Mey.	Shrub/liana	Roots	Headache, snakebites	[77]
Noronhia battiscombei (Hutch.) Hong-Wa & Besnard	Shrub/tree	Bark	Malaria, back pains, anthelmintic	[77]
Noronhia nilotica (Oliv.) Hong-Wa & Besnard	Shrub/tree	Bark	Stomach disorders	[77]
Olea capensis L.	Tree	Bark, leaves, fruits, roots	Scabies, constipation, urinary infections, stomachache, peptic ulcers, tonic, colds, fever, livestock diseases, backache, diabetes, chest pains, mouth inflammation in children, malaria, pneumonia, general body weakness/fatigue/pains, amoeba, joint pains, anthelmintic, blood cleanser, cough, TB, difficulty in breathing, amoeba, arthritis, injuries/cuts/wounds, aphrodisiac, prostrate problems, rheumatism, skin cancer, acaricide, wounds	[14,41,66,72,88,90,99,103,104,117,120,125,131,133,136,138,146,147,152,168]
Olea europaea L.	Shrub/tree	Stems, bark, leaves, roots	Malaria, pneumonia, anthelmintic, retained afterbirth, respiratory problems, anaplasmosis, eye inflammation, stomachache, joint pains, chest pains, umbilical cord, livestock diseases, diarrhea, mouth infection in babies, fever, eye infections, seizures, ringworms, stomach rumbles, amoeba, back/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, dislocation, body pains, headache, boost immunity, injuries/cuts, wounds, internal injuries, appetizer, muscle fatigue, rheumatism, body swellings, typhoid, urinary diseases, liver disease, polio, gonorrhea, enlarged prostate, arthritis, skin disorders e.g., allergy, cancer, mellitus, itchy rashes, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in livestock, asthma, lumbago, helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), bone fractures, acaricide, eye ailments, heartburn, sore throat, kidney problems, hypertension	[41,68,71,72,73,77,82,83,84,85,86,88,89,91,92,97,99,103,104,105,107,109,110,120,129,130,131,132,133,135,136,138,140,141,142,145,147,149,152,168]
Olea welwitschii (Knobl.) Gilg & G.Schellenb.	Tree	Bark, root, twigs	Scabies, chest problems, flu, gut problems, constipation, stomachache, childbirth, prenatal care, infertility, joint/backbone problems, STIs, dysentery, diarrhea, cancer, urinary tract infections	[116]
Schrebera alata (Hochst.) Welw.	Tree	Bark, twigs, leaves, roots	Malaria, chest problems, sore throat, toothache, diabetes mellitus, candidiasis, anesthesia, stomach pains, bloody stool, diarrhea, pregnancy pains, meat allergy, painkiller, poison antidote, headache, cuts	[41,67,68,71,77,85,136,140,142,145,152,168]
Onagraceae
Epilobium hirsutum L.	Herb	Roots	Stomach pains	[84]
Opiliaceae
Opilia amentacea Roxb.	Liana	Roots, bark, branches	Malaria, diarrhea, fever	[41,92,138,142]
Pentarhopalopilia umbellulata (Baill.) Hiepko	Shrub/liana	Roots	Venereal diseases, children’s diseases	[127]
Orchidaceae
Aerangis kirkii (Rchb.f.) Schltr.	Herb	Leaves	Convulsions	[127]
Angraecum sacciferum Lindl.	Herb	Leaves	Pneumonia	[109]
Ansellia africana Lindl.	Herb	Branches	Eardrops	[99,127]
Bonatea steudneri (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz	Herb	Roots	Sores	[67]
Eulophia petersii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.	Herb	Roots	Prevent first trimester abortion	[81]
Habenaria cirrhata (Lindl.) Rchb.f.	Herb	Roots	Abdominal pains	[141]
Microcoelia exilis Lindl.	Herb	Leaves	Convulsions	[127]
Solenangis wakefieldii (Rolfe) P.J.Cribb & J.Stewart	Herb	Leaves	Convulsions	[127]
Vanilla roscheri Rchb.f.	Herb		Stomach pains, prenatal care	[127]
Ypsilopus amaniensis (Kraenzl.) D’haijère & Stévart	Herb	Root	Chest pain	[77]
Orobanchaceae
Asepalum eriantherum (Vatke) Marais	Shrub	Whole plant	Backache	[142]
Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight ex Hook.f.	Herb		Childbirth problems	[72]
Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth.	Herb	Leaves	Thrush	[143]
Oxalidaceae
Averrhoa bilimbi L. (exotic)	Tree	Fruits	Aphrodisiac, appetizer	[150]
Biophytum abyssinicum Steud. ex A.Rich.	Herb		Rashes, smallpox	[132]
Biophytum umbraculum Welw.	Herb	Whole plant, leaves	Arthritis, dizziness, stomachache	[144,154]
Oxalis corniculata L.	Herb	Leaves	Skin infections, memory loss, mouth ulcers/sores, diseases of the eye	[122,123,141,154]
Passifloraceae
Adenia cissampeloides (Planch. ex Hook.) Harms	Liana	Leaves, branches	Wounds	[99]
Adenia ellenbeckii Harms	Herb/shrub	Roots	Swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy	[139]
Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms	Liana	Stems, roots	Cough, gonorrhea, headache, miscarriage, aphrodisiac, STIs, female reproductive disorder, boost immunity, diarrhea, colds, dysmenorrhea	[14,77,100,127,142,150]
Adenia kirkii (Mast.) Engl.	Herb	Stems, roots	Complications in menstruation	[127]
Adenia venenata Forssk.	Liana	Roots	Cattle diarrhea	[14]
Adenia volkensii Harms	Herb/shrub	Fruits, roots	Poisonous	[77]
Passiflora edulis Sims (exotic)	Liana	Stems, leaves	Amoeba, cough, colds/flu, epilepsy, heart problems, insomnia, nervous system problems, poisoning, stomachache, rheumatism	[41,144,147,150]
Passiflora quadrangularis L. (exotic)	Liana		Amoeba	[41]
Passiflora subpeltata Ortega (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Diabetes mellitus	[85]
Pedaliaceae
Sesamothamnus busseanus Engl.	Shrub/tree	Whole plant	Bleeding	[142]
Sesamum angolense Welw.	Herb	Leaves	Measles	[99]
Sesamum calycinum Welw.	Herb	Leaves, roots, seeds	Sore eyes, hair relaxer, prevent first/second trimester abortion, vomiting, pregnancy edema, pregnancy anemia, stomachache, ringworm, constipation	[81,99,115,143,147]
Oliniaceae
Olinia rochetiana A.Juss.	Shrub/tree	Bark, leaves, stems, roots	Respiratory, STIs, pneumonia, colds, cough, oral candidiasis, urinary tract infections, chest problems, TB, rheumatism, malaria, fever, bronchitis, indigestion, tapeworms, anodyne, expectorant, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pains	[67,77,88,99,105,113,120,131,135,140,141,142,147]
Peraceae
Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach	Shrub	Bark, leaves, roots	Menstrual cramps, spinal cord problem, joint pains, appetizer, arthritis, colds, rheumatism, liver pains, colic pain in infants, malaria, eye lotion, headache, stomachache, influenza, indigestion, liver pains, acaricide, erectile dysfunction, teeth problems, prophylaxis, pain in pregnancy, aphrodisiac, infertility, purgative, abdominal pains, diarrhea, kwashiorkor	[67,77,86,89,91,99,103,104,109,132,133,138,140,141,142,154,168]
Clutia kilimandscharica Engl.	Shrub	Roots, leaves, aerial parts, bark	Joints pains, diarrhea, typhoid, menstrual problems, colds, appetizer, general body weakness, anthelmintic, gonorrhea, constipation, stomachache, malaria, aphrodisiac, tonic, indigestion, rheumatism, acaricide, wounds	[67,104,120,131,133,142,152]
Phyllanthaceae
Antidesma venosum E.Mey. ex Tul.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, twigs, sap	Amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, blood purifier, cough, colds/flu, diabetes, immune booster, low libido, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatism, stomach disorders, tonsilitis, liver complaints, livestock diseases, abdominal pain, poisonous	[41,64,112,142,143,168]
Bischofia javanica Blume (exotic)	Tree	Roots	Stomach infections	[123]
Bridelia cathartica Bertol.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Convulsions, prenatal care	[127]
Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill.	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Boils, stomachache, STIs, dysentery, diarrhea, HIV/AIDs, back/joint/bone problems, blood purifier, brucellosis, cancer, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, cleans uterus, dizziness, hypertension, increase blood, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatism, skin diseases, typhoid, clean digestive system, tonic, livestock diseases, acidity, earache, cervical/breast/skin/colorectal cancer, dysentery, allergy, acaricide, epigastric distress, immune booster	[14,41,66,67,74,111,113,116,117,119,120,133,140,142,144,146,147,168]
Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg.	Shrub/tree	Stems, roots, bark	Acaricide	[133]
Bridelia taitensis Vatke & Pax	Shrub/tree	Leaves, stems, whole plant, bark	Cough, colds/flu, diarrhea, livestock diseases, earache, stomachache, laxativeabdominal pains, wounds	[14,51,80,139]
Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle	Shrub	Leaves, roots, fruits, aerial parts	Malaria, venereal diseases, convulsions, stomachache, kidney pains, childbirth problems, amoeba, bilharzia, dental problems, meat allergy, prostate cancer, typhoid, irritated/itchy skin, cough, joint aches, chest pains, vomiting, headache, acaricide, boils, diarrhea, back pain, insect repellant, breast cancer, kidney problems, female reproductive disorders, aphrodisiac, HIV/AIDs, anthelmintic, fatigue, chickenpox, retained placenta	[14,41,75,77,80,81,84,101,112,119,122,127,133,139,142,143,146,147,150,168]
Hymenocardia acida Tul.	Shrub/tree	Bark, leaves	Acaricide	[133]
Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster	Shrub/tree	Bark	Acaricide, pregnancy pain	[133,140]
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.	Herb	Roots	Arthritis	[154]
Phyllanthus fischeri Pax	Shrub	Leaves, fruits, stems, bark	Breast/skin/colorectal, skin diseases, roundworms, HIV/AIDs, gynecological diseases	[117,119,142,143]
Phyllanthus kaessneri Hutch.	Shrub/tree		Cough	[142]
Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Acaricide	[133]
Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir.	Shrub	Fruits	Roundworms, anthelmintic	[67,144]
Phyllanthus odontadenius Müll.Arg.	Herb	Roots	Stomach pains	[144]o
Phyllanthus ovalifolius Forssk.	Shrub/tree	Aerial parts	Acaricide, corneal ulcers	[133,143]
Phyllanthus physocarpus Müll.Arg.	Shrub/tree	Roots	STIs	[142]
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Convulsions, snakebites	[127]
Phyllanthus sepialis Müll.Arg.	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Malaria, constipation, general illness, toothache	[74,84,101]
Phyllanthus somalensis Hutch.	Shrub	Roots	Poisonous to livestock	[142]
Phyllanthus welwitschianus Müll.Arg.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Fertility potions, aphrodisiac	[134]
Thecacoris spathulifolia (Pax) Leandri	Shrub	Roots	Stomachache, diarrhea, induce salivation in children	[127]
Phytolaccaceae
Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H.Walter	Herb	Whole plant	Dermatitis	[144]
Phytolacca dodecandra L’Hér. (exotic)	Shrub	Leaves, roots, fruits	Fracture, antivenom, poisonous (human, livestock), breast cancer, body pains, stomach problems, childbirth, emetic, purgative, roundworms, tapeworms, syphilis, skin rashes, enlarged glands, abortifacient, barrenness	[72,77,86,99,120,138,141,142,143,154,168]
Phytolacca octandra L.	Shrub	Roots	Pneumonia	[152]
Picrodendraceae
Oldfieldia somalensis (Chiov.) Milne-Redh.	Tree	Roots, bark	Pneumonia, arthritis, fatigue, cough, tuberculosis	[142,150]
Pinaceae
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. (exotic)	Tree	Leaves	Flu, respiratory	[116]
Piperaceae
Piper capense L.f.	Herb/shrub	Leaves, roots, stems	Cough, colds, kidney problems, malaria, depression, anthelmintic, diarrhea, sore throat, enlarged uvula, increase milk letdown, arthritis, laxative, anthrax (cattle)	[14,97,99,125,147,168]
Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn.	Shrub	Roots	Sore throat, fever, toothache	[142,144]
Piper umbellatum L.	Shrub	Roots, roots	Headache, fever, bronchitis, inflammation, rashes, eye inflammation, anthelmintic	[122,125,131,144]
Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum abyssinicum Delile	Tree	Bark	Emetic, malaria, nausea, purgative, stomach problems	[131,142,168]
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Boils, STIs, malaria, diarrhea, stomachache, urinary tract, emetic, fever, purgative, tonic, measles, oral infections, fever, chest pains, amoeba, appetizer, constipation, acaricide, headache, vomiting, bronchitis, asthma, liver diseases, nose bleeding, rectum infection, infertility in goats, mosquito repellant	[66,67,77,99,101,103,104,109,116,119,120,132,133,140,141,142,144,152,168]
Plantaginaceae
Plantago palmata Hook.f.	Herb	Roots	Tonsils, pneumonia, eye problems, venereal diseases, typhoid, diarrhea	[78]
Plumbaginaceae
Plumbago dawei Rolfe	Herb/shrub	Bark	Diarrhea, malaria, stomach problems	[136]
Plumbago zeylanica L.	Herb/shrub	Root, aerial parts, roots, leaves	Boils, abscesses, burns, malaria, infertility, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, remove pseudo teeth in children, skin blisters, swollen legs, stomachache, liver, anthrax, measles, sprained limps, skin diseases, fever, eye infection, gonorrhea, eye injury (cattle), lung/liver diseases (poultry)	[51,72,74,77,94,107,138,143,144,147]
Poaceae
Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone	Herb	Bark, seeds	Chronic joint pains, malaria, vomiting, asthenia, swelling on the body	[14,130]
Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone	Herb	Leaves, roots	Skin infections, ringworms, heartburns, diarrhea, anthelmintic, jaundice, tonsils, urinary problems, venereal diseases, liver troubles	[41,88,109,115,168]
Cenchrus hohenackeri (Hochst. ex Steud.) Morrone	Herb	Bark, branches, roots	Malaria	[135]
Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone	Herb	Leaves	Allergies, dermatological infections	[41,143]
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (exotic)	Herb	Leaves	Headache, purify blood, clean pores, flu/colds, diarrhea	[108,119,143]
Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle	Herb		Cough, colds/flu, fever, malaria, stomach disorders	[41]
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.	Herb	Whole plant, leaves, stems	Kidney stones, stomachache, prevent second trimester abortion, vomiting	[81,96,106]
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.	Herb	Leaves	Heartburn	[91]
Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Stapf	Herb	Leaves	Ringworms, pain inside umbilical cord of adults, backache, urinary disorders	[147,152,168]
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (exotic)	Herb	Seeds	Ringworm, cough, colds/flu, measles, chickenpox, itchy rash, kidney problems, diabetes	[41,94,138,143,146]
Eleusine jaegeri Pilg.	Herb	Leaves	Wounds, skin infections	[109]
Elymus repens (L.) Gould (exotic)	Herb		STIs, back/bone joints problems, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, gouts, malaria	[41]
Enteropogon macrostachyus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Munro ex Benth.	Herb	Whole plant	Trypanosomiasis	[68]
Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf	Herb	Leaves	Insect repellant for safari ants	[144]
Oldeania alpina (K.Schum.) Stapleton	Tree	Fruits, shoots, stems	Balding, edema, blood cleanser, cough, colds/flu, mental ailments, pneumonia, rheumatism, STIs, malaria, diarrhea, aphrodisiac, impotency, retained placenta (cattle, human), menstruation problems	[14,41,88,132,147,152,168]
Oryza sativa L. (exotic)	Herb	Roots	Colds	[14]
Saccharum officinarum L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, roots, exudate	Acaricide, malaria, baby stomach problems	[14,133,139]
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (exotic)	Herb	Seeds	Measles, energy boost, acaricide, gastrointestinal problems, diarrhea, colds	[14,41,88,133,143]
Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv.	Herb	Roots	Gonorrhea, stomach ailments	[113,147]
Triticum aestivum L. (exotic)	Herb		Cancer	[41]
Zea mays L. (exotic)	Herb	Cobs, flowers	Cough, heartburn, abdominal ulcers, retained placenta (cows, human), acaricide, urinary disorders in men	[73,88,133,139,152,168]
Podocarpaceae
Afrocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) C.N.Page (exotic)	Tree	Bark, roots, leaves, twigs	General body health, fever, malaria, liver and spleen diseases, peptic ulcers, stomachache, measles, acaricide, hypertension, arthritis, anodyne, itchy skin rash, chest troubles	[14,67,68,88,91,109,118,132,133,135,141,168]
Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Mirb. (exotic)	Tree	Bark, leaves, roots	Malaria, stomachache, dysmenorrhea, cleanse womb, afterbirth, asthma, gall bladder, indigestion, acaricide, chest troubles	[41,67,88,97,120,133,142,152,168]
Polygalaceae
Carpolobia goetzei Gürke	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Aphrodisiac	[127]
Polygala erioptera DC.	Herb		Cough, whitlow, skin rashes	[141]
Polygala persicariifolia DC.	Herb	Leaves	Eye and ear diseases	[141]
Polygala sphenoptera Fresen.	Herb	Leaves, stem, roots	Infertility in women, eye inflammation, stomachache, cough, aphrodisiac	[99,152,168]
Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Body swellings, chest pains, amoeba, asthma, back/bone problems, cough (human, cattle), colds/flu, general body pains, malaria, mental disorders, tonsilitis, anthelmintic, acidity, stomach ailments, delayed delivery, purgative, dizziness, headache, acaricide, vaginal discharge, menstrual cramps, infertility, aphrodisiac, joint pains, sores, toothache, retained placenta, abdominal pains	[14,41,74,111,118,129,133,139,142,146,147,150,168]
Polygonaceae
Oxygonum sinuatum (Hochst. & Steud. ex Meisn.) Dammer	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, boils, cellulitis, toothache, diabetes mellitus, rashes, dandruffs, burns, skin/throat cancer, body swellings, wounds, skin infection, stomachache, urinary problems, gonorrhea, typhoid, venereal diseases, joint pains, eye diseases, enlarged uvula	[76,84,85,90,94,106,115,117,118,143,147,168]
Persicaria setosula (A.Rich.) K.L.Wilson	Herb	Leaves	Revive the dying	[67]
Rumex abyssinicus Jacq.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Malaria, menstrual problems, stomachache, conjunctivitis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), eye infections, general wellbeing, scabies, anthelmintic	[41,67,73,101,119,168]
Rumex acetosella L.	Herb	Roots	Abdominal pains, hypertension, diabetes	[86,91]
Rumex hypogaeus T.M.Schust. & Reveal	Herb	Roots	Venereal diseases	[168]
Rumex nepalensis Spreng.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Malaria, stomachache, fever, snakebites paralysis, sore throat, livestock diseases (infection/stomach)	[101,144,152]
Rumex usambarensis (Engl.) Dammer	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Anthelmintic, constipation, joint pains, vomiting, urinary tract infections, cough, chest pain, difficulty in breathing	[81,105,119,122,130]
Portulacaceae
Portulaca foliosa Ker Gawl.	Herb	Whole plant	Wounds, burns, swollen’ belly in children	[77,140]
Portulaca oleracea L.	Herb	Whole plant	Wounds, burns, typhoid, cancer, diarrhea, urinary disorders, liver/kidney problems	[77,91,115,168]
Portulaca quadrifida L.	Herb	Whole plant	Wound, burns	[77,91]
Primulaceae
Embelia schimperi Vatke	Shrub/liana	Stem, bark, leaves, roots, seeds	Joint pains, chest pain, malaria, colds, anthelmintic, wounds, stomach problems, fever, rheumatic fever, tuberculosis, pneumonia, brucellosis, diarrhea	[107,109,131,142,168]
Lysimachia volkensii Engl.	Herb		Wounds	[136]
Maesa lanceolata Forssk.	Shrub/tree	Roots, fruits, bark, seeds, leaves	Flu, anthelminthic, appetizer, stomachache, STIs, malaria, backache, arthritis, snakebites, skin allergies, heartburn, chest pain, boils, colic pains, headache, abdominal pains, pregnancy, kidney diseases, acaricide, cough, fontanel inflammation or wounds, veterinary use as poison antidote, astringent, purgative, dysmenorrhea, itchy skin rashes, enlarged glands, abortifacients, fever (humans, animals), sore throat, heart problems, gonorrhea, healing umbilical scar, dysentery	[77,79,88,91,92,99,101,116,120,122,126,133,141,142,144,145,146,168]
Myrsine africana L.	Shrub/tree	Bark, fruits, leaves, seeds	Gonorrhea, constipation, headache, malaria, respiratory disorders, anthelmintic (human, livestock), heartburn, tuberculosis, diabetes, bone/joint pain, kidney diseases, helminthiasis, wounds, tonic, tranquillizer, fever, typhoid, tuberculosis, stomach problems, dysentery, chest pain, abdominal disorders, backache, dysmenorrhea, internal boils due to injuries or inflammatory diseases, purgative, copious perspiration, relaxation, appetite, measles, stomachache	[67,68,72,77,83,88,89,105,132,135,136,137,138,140,141,147,149,168]
Myrsine melanophloeos (L.) R.Br. ex Sweet	Tree	Fruits, seeds, bark	Anthelmintic, gonorrhea, heartburn, weak bones, chest pains, joint pains, diarrhea, malaria, general body weakness, pneumonia, stomachache, colds, rumbling stomach, hypertension, livestock diseases, purgative, dysmenorrhea, afterbirth pains, amoeba, back/bone pains, blood purifier, constipation, injuries/cuts, wounds, kidney disorders, appetizer, prostate cancer, rheumatism, skin diseases, typhoid, headache, purgative, arthralgia, body pain, fever	[14,41,67,68,88,99,105,107,109,120,131,132,141,142,145,146,147,152]
Proteaceae
Faurea rochetiana (A.Rich.) Chiov. ex Pic.Serm.	Tree	Bark	Chronic cough	[140]
Faurea saligna Harv.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Stomach upsets/ulcers, urinary tract infections, indigestion, tonic, asthma, back/joint/bone problems, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, general body pains, stomach disorders, diarrhea, menstrual pains, stomachache, headache, itchy skin rash, abdominal pain	[41,67,77,91,99,105,131,132,135,141,142,168]
Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. (exotic)	Tree	Bark, roots	Back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, anthelmintic, sore throat, ear, chest problems, toothache, immune booster, antidote	[14,41,116]
Macadamia tetraphylla L.A.S.Johnson (exotic)	Tree	Bark	Allergies, skin cancer	[41,117]
Putranjivaceae
Drypetes gerrardii Hutch.	Tree	Leaves, roots	Wounds, acaricide	[133,147]
Ranunculaceae
Clematis brachiata Thunb.	Liana	Roots, leaves, flowers, stems	Mouth inflammation, stomachache, chest pains, colds, headache, backache, syphilis, gonorrhea, fever, arthritis, cough, malaria, amoeba, stomach ailments, constipation, depression, flu, bleeding gums, toothache, body swellings, nasal congestion, snuff	[77,97,103,104,122,131,140,142,143,146,147,152,154,168]
Clematis hirsuta Guill. & Perr.	Liana	Roots, leaves, bark	Headache, colds, malaria, fever, ear problem, chest problem, diabetes, anthelmintic, antidote	[14,67,83,98,104,109,146]
Clematis simensis Fresen.	Liana	Roots, stems, leaves, exudate, flowers	Sinusitis, allergy, colds, cough, wheezing, chest pain, blocked nose, headache, wounds, mouth inflammation, stomachache, chest pains, malaria, purgative, rashes, meningitis, anodyne, abdominal pains, oral thrush, bleeding gums	[67,86,87,132,141,142,152,168]
Clematis villosa DC.	Herb		Stuffy nose and associated respiratory problems	[125]
Hydrastis canadensis L. (exotic)	Herb		Painkiller	[41]
Nigella sativa L. (exotic)	Herb	Seeds	Headache, hypertension, stomachache	[137]
Ranunculus multifidus Forssk.	Herb	Roots, seeds, leaves	Pneumonia, malaria, oral thrush, purgative, expectorant	[67,141]
Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.	Herb	Roots	Purgative, expectorant	[141]
Resedaceae
Caylusea abyssinica (Fresen.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.	Herb	Roots, whole plant	Abdominal pains, anthelmintic, cough, abdominal pains	[99,140,141]
Rhamnaceae
Berchemia discolor (Klotzsch) Hemsl.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Diarrhea, men infertility, stomach disorder, liver ailments, erectile dysfunction, typhoid, fever	[14,77,80,86,91,142]
Helinus integrifolius (Lam.) Kuntze	Liana	Bark	Arthritis, paralysis	[68]
Helinus mystacinus (Aiton) E.Mey. ex Steud.	Liana	Leaves, bark, roots, shoots	Respiratory disorders, snakebites, stomachache, animal fever, anthrax, rinderpest, headache	[77,88,139,144]
Maesopsis eminii Engl.	Tree	Bark	Cough	[122]
Rhamnus prinoides L’Hér.	Shrub/tree	Roots, seeds, bark, leaves	Splenomegaly, infertility, cancer, syphilis, gonorrhea, arthritis, stomachache, pneumonia, brucellosis, indigestion, tonic, backache, arthritis, prostate, malaria, postpartum weakness, dizziness, dirty circulatory system, headache, waist pains, constipation, weak joints, body weakness, fever, diarrhea, appetizer, amoeba dysentery, abdominal cramps, joint pains, allergies, amoeba, bone problems, blood cleanser, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, rheumatism, typhoid, anthelmintic, colic pain in infants, renal disorders, skin disorders, snakebites, neck stiffness, diabetes, abortifacient, chest problems, pleuritis, purgative, epilepsy, mouth diseases	[14,41,67,72,77,83,86,87,88,89,90,92,97,99,103,104,105,107,109,110,113,131,132,135,136,138,141,142,146,147,149,152,154,168]
Rhamnus staddo A.Rich.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves, stems	Tonic, STIs, flu/colds, diabetes, endometritis, diarrhea, chest pains, heartburn, stomachache, toothache, cough, malaria, gonorrhea, syphilis, diabetes, chest pain, backache, fever, pneumonia, bone problems, dental problems, headache, rheumatism, arthritis, venereal diseases, polio, body aches, fever, hepatitis, menstrual problems, livestock diseases, anaplasmosis, typhoid, male’s libido, vomiting in babies, epilepsy/tetanus, infertility, hypertension, joint diseases, rheumatic pains, kidney problems	[41,67,68,71,72,77,92,97,99,103,104,105,107,109,110,118,121,135,136,138,140,141,142,147,149,152,154,168]
Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves, fruits	Boosting immunity, stomachache, anthelmintic, joint pains, prenatal care, tonic, pneumonia, respiratory disorders, joint ache, retained afterbirth, allergies, anemia, pregnancy pains, measles, infertility, epilepsy, dizziness, fever, ringworm, menstrual problems	[68,71,77,88,127,130,131,132,135,138,140,141,143,147,151,152]
Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves, aerial parts	Burns, kidney, asthma, pneumonia, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in livestock, malaria, stomach disorders, acaricide	[77,82,104,120,133,153]
Ziziphus jujuba Mill.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, bark	Tuberculosis, indigestion, diarrhea, indigestion, cough, abdominal pains, colic pains, stomachache, dysentery, catarrhs, amoeba, rheumatism, retained placenta	[86,99,112,132,139,141,142]
Ziziphus mucronata Willd.	Shrub/tree		Abdominal pains, prenatal care, body inflammation, snakebite, arthritis, stomachache, diarrhea, acaricide, wounds, bleeding in miscarriage, fecal impaction in babies/children, heartburn, pain in pregnancy, rheumatism, joint diseases	[67,71,77,80,87,89,99,127,133,140,141,148,149]
Rhizophoraceae
Cassipourea celastroides Alston	Tree	Leaves	Body wellness	[139]
Cassipourea euryoides Alston	Shrub/tree	Bark	Aphrodisiac, rheumatism	[150]
Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston	Shrub/tree	Roots	Malaria, pneumonia, cancer, fibroids, wounds	[41,152]
Rosaceae
Alchemilla abyssinica Fresen.	Herb	Leaves	Backache, spinal cord problems, eye infection, bruises, malaria	[109]
Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel.	Tree	Flowers, bark, aerial parts	Infertility in women, livestock diseases, amoeba, cough, colds, flu, headache, rheumatism, typhoid, stomachache, diarrhea, anthelmintic, allergy, gout, abdominal pains	[41,67,109,132,141,142,152,168]
Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman	Tree	Bark, roots, fruits, leaves, stems	Eye problems, joint pains, prostate cancer, stomachache, urinary tract infections, back pain in women, HIV/AIDs, washing newborns to shed off dead skin, appetizer, fever, malaria, vomiting, diarrhea, postmenopausal syndrome, allergies, arthritis, amoeba, back/bone problems, blood cancer, blood cleanser, brucellosis, cancer, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, diabetes, epilepsy, family planning, fibroids, injuries, cuts/wounds, heart problems, increase blood, indigestion, meat allergy, pneumonia, rheumatism, tonsilitis, tumors, typhoid, ulcers, anthelmintic, chest pains, general body weakness, peptic ulcers, hypertension, rheumatism, brain fatigue, congested chest, anthrax, body ache, joint ache, cough (cow, goats, sheep, poultry, pig, ruminants), tonic, colorectal/breast/skin/prostate cancer, STIs, acaricide, purgative, aphrodisiac, abdominal pains, astringent, gonorrhea, breast cancer, liver diseases, indigestion, meat allergy, anaplasmosis in cattle, toothache, arthritis	[14,41,66,67,73,74,77,83,84,86,88,89,91,95,103,104,105,107,109,113,116,117,120,125,131,132,133,135,136,141,142,145,146,147,152,168]
Rhaphiolepis bibas (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi (exotic)	Shrub	Roots, fruits, bark	Kwashiorkor, marasmus, diabetes, stomachache, toothache, earache	[41,119,144]
Rubus apetalus Poir.	Shrub	Roots, leaves, fruits	Blood cleanser, malnutrition, prophylaxis of cancer, cough, colds, STIs, joint ailment, stomachache	[88,144,147]
Rubus keniensis Standl.	Shrub	Roots	Stomachache, STIs, afterbirth problems	[120,131]
Rubus pinnatus Willd.	Tree	Roots, leaves	Malaria, diarrhea, stomachache, amoeba, gonorrhea	[41,101,146,152]
Rubus steudneri Schweinf.	Shrub	Roots	Cough, abdominal pains, stomachache	[99,132]
Rubus volkensii Engl.	Shrub	Fruits	Cough, colds, acidity, general body health	[147]
Rubiaceae
Afrocanthium keniense (Bullock) Lantz	Shrub/tree	Bark	Liver problems	[168]
Afrocanthium lactescens (Hiern) Lantz	Tree	Roots, bark	Backache, purgative	[140,141]
Agathisanthemum bojeri Klotzsch	Herb/shrub	Roots, leaves	Prenatal care, convulsions, skin infections, colds, stomachache, sore eyes, ears, anthelmintic	[75,112,127]
Agathisanthemum globosum (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Klotzsch	Herb	Roots	Malaria	[111]
Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood	Tree	Roots, bark	Malaria, headache	[74]
Canthium glaucum Hiern	Shrub	Fruits	Malaria	[111]
Catunaregam nilotica (Stapf) Tirveng.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Constipation, stomach ailments	[112,127]
Coffea arabica L.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Back pain in women, allergies, appetizer, low libido, pneumonia, pregnancy problems, rheumatism, sleeping sickness, flu	[41,113,146]
Coffea eugenioides S.Moore	Tree	Leaves	Eye problems in livestock, heavy menstruation	[116,125]
Conostomium quadrangulare (Rendle) Cufod.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Purgative, lice infestation	[141]
Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, stems, leaves	Malaria, aphrodisiac, erectile dysfunction, eyedrops, ulcers, sores, smallpox lesions, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy	[104,119,134,139,142]
Craterispermum schweinfurthii Hiern	Shrub/liana	Bark	Aphrodisiac, diarrhea, malaria, veterinary	[116]
Dirichletia glaucescens Hiern	Shrub	Leaves	Insecticide e.g., termites	[84]
Dolichopentas longiflora (Oliv.) Kårehed & B.Bremer	Herb	Bark, roots, leaves	Laxative, skin, malaria, purgative, back pains, lice infestation, warts	[67,91,115,120,141,168]
Galium aparinoides Forssk.	Herb	Roots, whole plant	Stomach ulcers, urinary infections, throat cancer in cattle, anaplasmosis in cattle, nervous and urinary disorders	[89,105,168]
Galium simense Fresen.	Herb	Leaves	Cancer, general body rashes	[131]
Galium spurium L.	Herb	Roots, leaves	Stomach disorders, false teeth	[109]
Gardenia posoquerioides S.Moore	Shrub/tree		Syphilis	[142]
Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn.	Shrub/tree	Roots, fruits, bark	Malaria, purgative, acaricide, emetic, eyes, amoeba, vomiting, cough, pneumonia, epigastric pain, appetizer, heartburn, chest pain, mental illness	[67,71,72,98,132,133,140,142,143,148]
Gardenia transvenulosa Verdc.	Shrub/tee	Roots	Stomach ailments	[142]
Gardenia volkensii K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Roots, fruits, bark	Emetic, back/joint/bone problems, burns, malaria, STIs, snakebite, breast/uterine/skin cancer, purgative, colds, sores, cough, stomachache, anthelmintic	[14,41,86,87,117,142]
Hymenodictyon parvifolium Oliv.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Constipation, diarrhea, snakebites, livestock diseases, ears sores, sooth red eyes, ulcer pains, aid conception, edema	[51,64,96,100,105]
Keetia gueinzii (Sond.) Bridson	Shrub/liana	Bark, roots	Asthma, pneumonia, cough, allergy, joint pains, appetizer, fatigue, diarrhea	[98,144]
Lamprothamnus zanguebaricus Hiern	Shrub/tree	Roots	Diarrhea	[127]
Lasianthus kilimandscharicus K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Malaria, colds	[14]
Meyna tetraphylla (Schweinf. ex Hiern) Robyns	Shrub/tree	Roots	Alleviate pain in pregnant women	[142]
Mussaenda arcuata Poir.	Shrub	Leaves, bark	Joint pains, venereal diseases	[144]
Oxyanthus speciosus DC.	Shrub/tree	Bark	Sore throat	[72]
Pavetta abyssinica Fresen.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, bark	Colorectal/skin/breast cancer, purgative, abdominal pains	[91,117,141]
Pavetta crassipes K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Chronic joint pains, asthma, acaricide	[118,130,133]
Pavetta oliveriana Hiern	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Acaricide, aphrodisiac, abdominal pains, meningitis	[133,141]
Pavetta subcana Hiern	Shrub	Roots, whole plant	Gonorrhea, cough (cows), fleas (cattle)	[67,89,142]
Pavetta teitana K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots	Pneumonia	[74]
Pentanisia ouranogyne S.Moore	Herb	Roots	Tonic, appetizer in babies/children, malaria	[67,111,140]
Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers	Herb/shrub	Roots, bark	Joint aches, malaria, kidney problems, scurvy, depression, arthritis, venereal disease	[97,104,147]
Pentas pubiflora S.Moore	Herb/shrub	Roots	Purgative	[99,141]
Pentas zanzibarica (Klotzsch) Vatke	Herb/shrub	Roots, leaves	Malaria, tonic	[41,67,84]
Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke	Herb	Roots	Anthelmintic, pneumonia, cough	[74]
Polysphaeria multiflora Hiern	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Sore muscles, wounds	[142]
Psychotria amboniana K.Schum.	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Convulsions, headache	[127,142]
Psychotria faucicola K.Schum.	Shrub	Roots	Diarrhea	[142]
Psychotria holtzii (K.Schum.) E.M.A.Petit	Shrub	Leaves	Colds	[142]
Psychotria kirkii Hiern	Shrub	Roots	Malaria, meat allergy	[136,140]
Psychotria lauracea (K.Schum.) E.M.A.Petit	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Childbirth, given to women after birth	Glover et al. 1966[14,67,142]
Psychotria orophila E.M.A.Petit	Shrub/tree		Malaria	[136]
Psydrax parviflorus (Afzel.) Bridson	Shrub/tree		Back/joint/bone problems, diarrhea	[41]
Psydrax schimperianus (A.Rich.) Bridson	Shrub/tree	Shoots, roots, bark	Breast cancer, diarrhea, wounds, strengthen bones, general body weakness, abdominal pains, backache, joint pains	[117,132,140,141,144,168]
Pyrostria phyllanthoidea (Baill.) Bridson	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Dizziness, weak bones, bad breadth, retained placenta	[139,140]
Rhodopentas bussei (K.Krause) Kårehed & B.Bremer	Herb/shrub	Roots	Venereal diseases	[142]
Rhodopentas parvifolia (Hiern) Kårehed & B.Bremer	Shrub	Roots, bark	Vomiting, malaria, constipation in children	[81,129,140]
Rubia cordifolia L.	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Mouth inflammation, gonorrhea, diarrhea, vomiting, pneumonia, cough, whooping cough, skin infection, heartburn, oral thrush, livestock diseases, malaria, upper respiratory tract infections, ringworms, oral infections, anthelmintic, stomachache, hypertension, chest pain, dysentery, urinary disorders	[68,77,86,99,104,109,115,119,120,123,138,140,141,143,152,168]
Rytigynia acuminatissima (K.Schum.) Robyns	Shrub/tree	Bark	Arthritis	[154]
Spermacoce princeae (K.Schum.) Verdc.	Herb	Roots, leaves	Breast/colorectal/skin cancer, boils	[117,119]
Tarenna pavettoides (Harv.) Sim	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Correct fetus during parturition	[144]
Tennantia sennii (Chiov.) Verdc. & Bridson	Shrub	Roots	Diarrhea, malaria, impotence and infertility	[51]
Uncaria africana G.Don	Shrub/liana	Roots, bark	Stomach disorder, strength	[77]
Vangueria apiculata K.Schum.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, twigs	Prolonged menstruation, arthritis, veterinary uses, body swellings, warts, tuberculosis	[66,116,144,154]
Vangueria infausta Burch.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, fruits	Snakebites, prenatal care, cough, colds, body pains, anthelmintic, pneumonia (cow, goat, sheep, poultry), stop menses, fever, eye problems	[14,73,74,105,112,116,127,147]
Vangueria madagascariensis J.F.Gmel.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, bark, shoots	Mouth infection in babies, stomach complications, brucellosis, cholera, heartburn, loin pains, medicine antidote, pancreatic diseases, prostrate problems, rheumatism, typhoid, arthritis, men infertility, malaria, colic pain, anthelmintic (human, animals)	[41,67,84,86,103,104,109,140,146,154]
Vangueria volkensii K.Schum.	Shrub/tree		Malaria, amoeba	[41,124]
Rutaceae
Calodendrum capense (L.f.) Thunb.	Tree	Bark	Stomach upsets, emetic, fever, bleeding wounds (human, sheep)	[105,109,145]
Citrus × aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle	Shrub/tree	Leaves, fruits	Replacement milk for nursing mothers, colds, flu	[108]
Citrus × aurantium L.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, fruits, bark	Cough, colds/flu, arthritis, cancer, low libido, nose bleeding, rheumatism, eye ache	[41,146,150]
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck	Shrub/tree	Fruits, leaves	Malaria, stomachache, flu, colds, ringworm, asthma, back/joint/bone problems, blood cleanser, chest congestions/pains, ear-nose-threat infections, appetizer, rheumatism, typhoid, skin rashes, pneumonia, prostate cancer, infertility, anthelmintic	[14,41,74,94,106,108,143,146,150]
Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, bark	Malaria, anthelmintic, stomach problems, prostate, convulsions, cough, colds, mouth infection in babies, emetic, blood cleanser, stroke, whooping cough, body pains, constipation, poisoning, diarrhea, pneumonia, teeth cleansing, protracted labor, retained placenta, postpartum hemorrhage, headache, fever, indigestion, toothache, kidney/heart diseases, livestock diseases, vertigo, abdominal pains, typhoid, chest pain, respiratory problems, measles, chest diseases, tonsillitis, afterbirth pains, menstrual problems	[14,74,81,84,88,99,101,103,104,105,109,111,120,121,127,138,141,142,143,144,146,147,150,168]
Fagaropsis angolensis (Engl.) H.M.Gardner	Tree	Leaves, roots, bark	Chest problems, gut problems, induces menopause, amoeba, bone problems, cough, colds, flu, diarrhea, dysentery, livestock diseases, malaria, rheumatism, stomach disorders, typhoid, anthelmintic, joint pains, stomachache, headache, chest problems, STIs, expectorant, abdominal pains, backache	[41,66,74,84,93,103,104,111,116,141,146,147]
Fagaropsis hildebrandtii (Engl.) Milne-Redh.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Morning sickness, women’s infertility, malaria, asthma, ulcers, chronic joint pains, abscesses, arthritis, cough, colds/flu, postpartum hemorrhage, milk letdown, prevent first/second trimester abortion, vomiting, pregnancy anemia, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy	[41,81,94,102,129,130,139]
Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv.	Shub/tree	Bark, leaves, roots	Gonorrhea, syphilis, malaria, arthritis, STIs, stomach pains, body pains, diarrhea, stomachache, pneumonia, infertility, eye ointment, ringworms, blood purifier, cough, chest congestion, helminthiasis, amoeba, abscess, ECF, lumbago, rheumatism, retained placenta, inducing abortion, acaricide, headache, pregnancy problems, typhoid, chest problems, asthma, abdominal pains, back ache/joint ache, wounds, swollen breasts and testicles, boils, pregnancy problems, bubonic plague, anthelmintic, kidney problems, diabetes, menstrual problems	[14,41,66,68,72,74,76,77,79,80,84,90,93,98,100,102,103,105,108,111,112,118,124,127,129,132,133,138,141,142,143,146,147,153]
Toddalia simplicifolia Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Pneumonia, allergy, gonorrhea, diarrhea, malaria, stomachache, weak bones, rib bones, eye problem, colds, flu, joint pains, skin rashes, chest troubles, poisoning, diabetes, cerebral malaria, fevers, hepatitis, fever, oral trash, wounds, typhoid, firm stool, stomach acid, tonic, blood pressure, joint diseases, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, edema	[51,67,68,71,77,83,84,96,99,100,103,104,105,111,128,129,136,139,147,149,152]
Vepris eugeniifolia (Engl.) I.Verd.	Shrub	Bark leaves	Hepatitis, sore throat, malaria, body pains	[72,77]
Vepris glomerata (F.Hoffm.) Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Colds, snakebites	[127]
Vepris nobilis (Delile) Mziray	Shrub/tree	Bark, roots, leaves	Toothbrush, brucellosis, aphrodisiac, livestock diseases, malaria, headache, joint pains, colds, pneumonia, anthelmintic, chest pain, arthritis, backache, blood cleanser, invigorant, stimulate immunity, stomachache, labor, back/bone problems, nausea, rheumatism, amoeba, acaricide, asthma, tonic, dizziness, cough, expectorant, abdominal pains, internal body pains/weakness, anthrax	[41,67,84,86,88,89,98,104,109,119,120,133,135,136,140,141,143,145,152]
Vepris samburuensis Kokwaro	Shrub/tree		Liver problems	[136]
Vepris sansibarensis (Engl.) Mziray	Shrub/tree	Roots	Snakebites, body inflammation, reproductive disorder	[127,150]
Zanthoxylum asiaticum (L.) Appelhans, Groppo & J.Wen	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, bark, stems, fruits	Abdominal pains, gynecological disorders including infertility, cough, colds, cancer, renal disorders, anthelmintic in cattle, malaria, backpain in women, mouth inflammation, joint pain, boils, chest pains, general body weakness, headache, fever, mouth infection in babies, pneumonia, stomachache, sore throat, tonic, respiratory disorders, TB, urinary tract problems, arthritis, cancer, throat cancer, joint aches, food poisoning, rheumatism, asthma, irregular menstruation, back pains, indigestion, kidney problems, typhoid, amoeba, aphrodisiac, firms stool, abdominal pains, emesis in livestock	[14,67,71,72,79,82,86,87,88,89,98,99,103,107,109,115,118,119,120,123,124,125,129,131,132,134,135,136,140,141,143,144,147,150,152,154,168]
Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves, seeds, fruits	STIs, flu/cold, indigestion, throat infection, pain in fallopian tubes, asthma, pneumonia, malaria, ulcers, fever, general body pains, gastric lesions and pain, urinary tract infections, venereal diseases, bleeding gums, chest pains, stomach problems, anthrax, measles, epilepsy, psychotic disorders, oral thrush, emetic, sore throat, livestock diseases, joint pains, cholera, allergies, back/bone problems, constipation, cough, dental problems, gouts, headache, injuries, cuts/wounds, rheumatism, ringworms, TB, ulcers, sores, diabetes mellitus, chest congestion, mouth sores/ulcers, freshens the mouth, anthelmintic, toothache, delayed labor, first trimester abortion, vomiting, pregnancy edema, snakebite, keep gums hard and healthy, amoeba, mouth ulcers, headache, typhoid, stomachache, waterborne diseases, body pains, boils, muscular pains, diarrhea, abdominal pains, epilepsy, peptic ulcers, obesity, reproductive disorders, anthrax, immune booster, cattle cough, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, retained placenta, kidney problems, edema	[14,41,51,64,72,74,76,77,79,80,81,84,85,86,88,91,92,96,98,99,100,102,103,106,109,111,112,127,128,129,130,131,132,134,138,139,141,142,143,146,147,148,150,151]
Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman	Tree	Bark, leaves, seeds, roots	Asthma, bronchitis, sore throat, colic pain, constipation, hepatomegaly, severe body inflammation, tongue, anthrax, cough, colds, chest problems, malaria, rheumatism, joint aches, skin cancer, scabies, gut problems, buccal/oral problems, headache, cardiac conditions, gout, veterinary uses, asthma, pneumonia, body malaise, fevers, anaplasmosis in cattle, toothache, bleeding gums, snakebites, headache, prostate cancer, dental problems, arthralgia, joint pains, fever, venereal diseases, stomachache, scratches on body, wounds	[14,66,87,98,101,116,117,125,142,143,144,147,168]
Zanthoxylum holtzianum (Engl.) P.G.Waterman	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, bark	Ulcer, cough	[145]
Zanthoxylum rubescens Planch. ex Hook.	Shrub/tree	Bark, leaves	Breast/colorectal/skin/esophageal cancer	[117]
Zanthoxylum usambarense (Engl.) Kokwaro	Tree	Bark, leaves, fruits, seeds, roots, stems	Malaria, diarrhea, postpartum weakness, backache, joint pains, emetic, amoeba, arthritis, bone problems, body weakness, brucellosis, cough, colds, flu, headache, rheumatism, STIs, stomach disorders, tonsilitis, typhoid, ulcers, throat infections, respiratory tract infections, malignant catarrhal fever, fever, chest pain, sore throat, livestock medicine, chest pain, pneumonia, toothache, bleeding gums, bad breath, purgative	[41,67,68,77,93,103,104,105,107,113,135,137,138,140,142,168]
Salicaceae
Casearia battiscombei R.E.Fr.	Tree	Bark, roots	Joint problems, abdominal pains, infertility, stomachache	[88,120]
Dovyalis abyssinica (A.Rich.) Warb.	Shrub/tree	Roots, stems, leaves, fruit, bark	Splenomegaly, arthritis, infertility, indigestion, postpartum weakness, diarrhea, malaria, afterbirth weakness, joint pain, STIs, backache, anthelmintic, stomachache, general body weakness, pneumonia, dirty circulatory system, stomach ulcers, boost immunity, seizures/epilepsy, muscle pains, invigorant, blood cleanser, skin rashes, venereal diseases, bone problems, cough, colds, flu, appetizer, rheumatism, gonorrhea, toothache, chest pains, colic pain in infants, headache, eyes problems, wounds, body pains, boils, heartburn, acidity, stomach ailments, chiggers, aphrodisiac, abdominal pains, typhoid, kidney problems, diabetes	[14,41,84,87,88,89,105,113,131,132,135,138,141,142,146,147,152,168]
Dovyalis caffra (Hook.f. & Harv.) Warb. (exotic)	Shrub	Fruits	Lack of appetite, malaria, rheumatism, cough (cow, goat, sheep, poultry, pig, ruminant)	[41,73]
Dovyalis macrocalyx (Oliv.) Warb.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, whole plant, fruits	Constipation, peptic ulcers, headache, colds, joint pain, fever, malaria, breast problem, stomach complications, body weakness, seizures/epilepsy, skin rashes, boils, acaricide	[88,109,125,133,144,146]
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, leaves	Measles, chickenpox, dysmenorrhea, STIs, back/joint/bone problems, malaria, pneumonia, anthelmintic, arthritis, hypertension, stomachache, indigestion, asthma, indigestion, diarrhea, gonorrhea, infertility, anti-venom, abdominal pains	[41,74,86,87,99,111,120,132,141,154]
Ludia mauritiana J.F.Gmel.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Malaria	[14]
Oncoba routledgei Sprague	Shrub/tree	Fruits, flowers	Jiggers, biopesticide	[74]
Oncoba spinosa Forssk.	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Skin diseases	[144]
Scolopia theifolia Gilg	Shrub/tree	Roots	STIs	[142]
Scolopia zeyheri (Nees) Szyszyl.	Shrub/tree	Bark	Gonorrhea	[152]
Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb.	Shrub/tree	Stem, bark, roots, fruits, leaves	Malaria, brucellosis, postpartum weakness, cough, backache, weak bones, colds, heartburn, STIs, arthritis, gonorrhea, heartburn, toothache, renal disorders, cancer, arthritis, rheumatism, fever, chest pain, joint pains, dysmenorrhea	[67,77,86,104,105,107,113,120,124,135,136,138,140,141,142,145,147,152,154,168]
Salvadoraceae
Azima tetracantha Lam.	Shrub	Roots	Stomach disorders	[142]
Dobera glabra (Forssk.) Juss. Ex Poir.	Shrub/tree	Roots, branches	Eye problem, amoebiasis, anemia, rheumatism, gouts	[100,132,150]
Salvadora persica L.	Shrub/tree	Stems, bark, roots, twigs, leaves	Malaria, flu/cold, colds, stomachache, internal wounds, induce bile release from the gall bladder, eye infections, anthelmintic, constipation, tonic, respiratory infections, pneumonia, abdominal pain, colic pain, joint pains, abscesses, typhoid, blocked nose, fever, abortion, childbirth, retained placenta (cattle, human), ulcers, seizures, mange, trypanosomiasis, brucellosis, anthrax, cleaning the stomach after birth, emetic, purgative, dental caries, toothache, gum diseases, livestock diseases, backache, chest problems, chest pains, ulcers, aphrodisiac, labor pain, obesity, hernia, whitening teeth, rib pain, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy, eye infections	[14,41,64,68,72,77,80,88,90,91,92,94,96,100,105,107,110,121,130,136,138,139,149,150]
Santalaceae
Osyridicarpos schimperianus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) A.DC.	Shrub		Malaria, swollen breasts	[136]
Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud.	Shrub/tree	Stems, bark, leaves, roots, seeds	Ringworms, impotence, fatigue, boost immunity, back/joint/bone problems, cough/colds/flu, AIDS, allergies, back/joint/bone problems, blood purifier, chest problems, general body pains, fever, malaria, pneumonia, prostate cancer, rheumatism, stomach disorders, anthelmintic, abdominal pains in children, diarrhea, gonorrhea, pregnancy problems, swollen breasts, indigestion, excessive bleeding after birth, mosquito repellant, dysentery, typhoid, fever, tonic, swollen udder in cows, purgative, insecticide, cow fever, typhoid in livestock	[14,41,72,77,84,89,99,100,105,107,129,135,136,140,141,142,145,147,168]
Viscum bagshawei Rendle	Shrub	Leaves, stems	Enhance sexual performance	[143]
Viscum fischeri Engl.	Shrub	Whole plant, branches, twigs	Pneumonia, emetic, purgative, retained afterbirth, chest pains, hypertension, diarrhea, respiratory problems	[67,77,99,168]
Viscum tuberculatum A.Rich.	Shrub	Branches, bark	Pneumonia, retained afterbirth, hypertension, diarrhea, respiratory problems	[67,68,99,168]
Sapindaceae
Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk.	Tree	Leaves, roots, bark, fruits	Boils, hunchback, rickets, colds, skin problems, fatigue, boost immunity, headache, heartache, chest pains, childbirth problems, STIs, crooked limps, irregular menstruation, fever, weight loss, edema, toothache	[14,66,88,116,120,144,146,152,168]
Allophylus pervillei Blume	Shrub/tree	Roots, stem bark, leaves	Headache, prenatal care, colds, wounds, fibroids, female reproductive disorders	[75,127,150]
Allophylus rubifolius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Headache, prenatal care	[127]
Aporrhiza paniculata Radlk.	Tree	Bark	Tuberculosis	[142]
Blighia unijugata Baker	Tree	Stems, roots, bark	Veterinary uses, headache, fever	[112,116,144]
Cardiospermum corindum L.	Herb	Bark, roots	Anthelmintic, amoeba, joint pains, malaria, polio, snakebites, stomachache, STI’s	[14,72,77,84,146]
Cardiospermum halicacabum L.	Herb	Seeds, roots, leaves	Snakebite, malaria, polio, antidote for arrow poison, eye medicine, rashes, boils, sprained muscles	[136,143,168]
Deinbollia borbonica Scheff.	Shrub/tree	Roots	Septic swelling, stomachache, aphrodisiac, diabetes, gastrointestinal complaints	[127,150]
Deinbollia kilimandscharica Taub.	Shrub/tree	Fruits	Poisonous	[168]
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq.	Shrub/tree	Bark, twigs, leaves, roots	Excessive menstruation, respiratory disorders, back/bone joints problems, diarrhea, stomach disorders, malaria, ECF, chest pain, pneumonia, stimulates milk after birth, respiratory disorders, rheumatic, dysmenorrhea, colds, tonsills in cattle	[14,41,73,77,88,99,104,113,115,132,141,168]
Haplocoelum foliolosum (Hiern) Bullock	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Eye lotion	[77]
Lepisanthes senegalensis (Poir.) Leenh.	Tree	Fruits, leaves	Poisonous	[142]
Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh.	Shrub/tree	Stem, bark, leaves, roots, seeds	Backache, tonic, appetizer, indigestion, infertility, gout, stomachache, stamina, aphrodisiac, typhoid fever, amoebic dysentery, abdominal pain, excessive menstruation, body/muscle building, tuberculosis, rib/joint pains, AIDs, arthritis, bone problems, chest problems, cough, colds, flu, diarrhea, malaria, diabetes, body aches, invigorator, rheumatism, body weakness, postpartum hemorrhage, emetic, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis	[41,67,77,81,84,89,90,91,92,97,102,105,107,113,129,130,135,138,142,147,148,149,154,168]
Paullinia pinnata L.	Liana	Leaves, roots	Hiccoughs, acaricide, poisonous, diarrhea, snakebite	[125,133,142,144]
Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell	Tree	Leaves, roots, bark	Miscarriage (bleeding), typhoid fever, abscesses, malaria, pregnancy edema, dog poison, pneumonia, toothache, flu, kidney ailments, allergies	[41,81,84,94,102,129,151]
Sapotaceae
Aningeria adolfi-friederici (Engl.) Robyns & Gilbert	Tree	Latex, bark	Backache, stomachache, poisonous	[77,99,120,168]
Englerophytum oblanceolatum (S.Moore) T.D.Penn.	Shrub/tree	Fruits	Ulcers in digestive track, boils around belly, scabies	[116,125]
Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H.Hemsl.	Tree	Bark	Stomach disorders	[77]
Manilkara mochisia (Baker) Dubard	Tree	Roots, bark	Cough, colds, snakebites, fever	[100,127,142]
Manilkara sansibarensis (Engl.) Dubard	Tree	Bark	Pneumonia, rheumatism, cough	[112,142,150]
Manilkara sulcata (Engl.) Dubard	Shrub/tree	Roots	Cough, chest pains, snakebites, stings,diarrhea, ulcers/stomach upsets, foot and mouth disease in cattle	[100,127,134]
Sideroxylon inerme L.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark	Chest pains, cough, disorders in menstruation	[127]
Synsepalum cerasiferum (Welw.) T.D.Penn.	Tree	Latex, bark	Colorectal/esophageal cancer, wounds	[117,142]
Vitellariopsis kirkii (Baker) Dubard	Shrub/tree	Roots	Stomach ailments	[127]
Scrophulariaceae
Buddleja polystachya Fresen.	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Infertility, eye diseases	[99,120,141]
Simaroubaceae
Brucea antidysenterica J.F.Mill.	Shrub/tree		Arrow poison, malaria	[136]
Smilacaceae
Smilax anceps Willd.	Liana	Shoots	STIs	[144]
Solanaceae
Capsicum annuum L. (exotic)	Herb/shrub	Fruits, leaves, stems	Eye problems, cellulitis, diarrhea/dysentery (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), dullness (poultry), Newcastle disease, coccidiosis (poultry), weakness/dullness (cow, goat, sheep, poultry, pig), throat/breast/squamous cell carcinoma, joint problems, acaricide, tumors, constipation, abdominal pains	[73,94,95,117,119,133,139,143,144,150,168]
Datura metel L. (exotic)	Herb	Stems, leaves, flowers	Poison, respiratory congestion	[134]
Datura stramonium L. (exotic)	Herb	Seeds, leaves, roots, fruits	Colds, mouth inflammation, toothache, asthma, ectoparasites i.e., mites, lice, flea infestation (cow, poultry), tick infestation (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), coccidiosis and Newcastle (poultry), foot rot (cow, goat, sheep, ruminant, pig), body swellings, tonsils, earache, wounds, boils, asthma, fever, poisonous, madness, epilepsy	[73,88,115,138,144,152,168]
Lycium europaeum L.	Shrub	Root, leaves, stem	Malaria, rheumatism, breast swelling, headache, backache, respiratory diseases, rib pain, backpain, joint pain, cough	[72,77,137,142]
Nicotiana tabacum L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, fruits	Eye problems, malnutrition, insecticide, wounds, colds, constipation, pesticide of stored grains, stomach infections, babesiosis, gastroenteritis, chronic cough, gingivitis, candidiasis, glossitis, ectoparasites i.e., mites, lice and fleas’ infestation (cow, poultry), acaricide, expectorant, leech	[68,73,88,96,109,120,133,137,141,146,147,168]
Physalis lagascae Roem. & Schult.	Herb	Leaves, whole plant	Stomachache, boils, malaria, facilitate childbirth	[76,119,144]
Physalis peruviana L.	Herb	Roots, leaves, fruits	Malaria, postpartum pain, diarrhea, cholera, joint pains, stiff joints, skin allergies, respiratory disorders, tonsillitis, arthritis, anthelmintic, cough, colds, anemia, acidity, chest problems, typhoid, acaricide, mouth ulcers, ear discharge, stomachache, indigestion, constipation, diuretic, asthma, abdominal ailments, headache, hiccups, bloat in cattle/humans	[14,88,89,101,110,113,115,119,122,133,143,146,147,152,154,168]
Solanum aculeastrum Dunal	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, fruits	Pneumonia, liver diseases, boils at teething, chest problems, malaria, joint pains, infertility in women, diarrhea, gonorrhea, livestock diseases, eye problems, fever, spinal cord problem, colds, toothache, nausea fever, osteomyelitis, backache, rheumatism, pesticide of stored grains, warts, bleeding gums, respiratory symptoms and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (livestock), skin/breast/cervical cancer, tonsils, wounds, bronchitis, venom, expectorant, dysmenorrhea, immune booster	[14,67,82,87,99,109,113,115,117,131,132,141,142,146,147,152,168]
Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq.	Herb/shrub	Roots, leaves	Asthma, cough, colds, eye problem, fever, spinal cord problem, throat problems, wounds	[87,109,136]
Solanum americanum Mill.	Herb	Leaves, fruits, roots	STIs, general body problems, chest pains, joint pains, backache, stomachache, diarrhea, gonorrhea, headache, mouth inflammation, toothache, sprains, colic pain in infants, vitamin/mineral deficiency in pregnancy, amoeba, tonsils, anthelmintic, stomach crumps, acidity, indigestion, diabetes, earache, toothache, constipation, typhoid fever, teeth problems, stomachache, fever, throat, wounds, erectile dysfunction (impotence), malaria prevention, respiratory disorders, burns, scalds	[41,76,79,83,84,88,106,115,132,136,143,144,145,147,152,168]
Solanum anguivi Lam.	Shrub	Fruits, roots	Skin problems, ringworms, infertility in women, stomachache, poultry (skin rashes, loss of feather)	[73,152]
Solanum arundo Mattei	Shrub/tree	Roots	Fever, sore throat, wounds	[77,89]
Solanum goetzei Dammer	Herb/shrub	Leaves	Abscesses	[142]
Solanum hastifolium Hochst. ex Dunal	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Eye lotion, livestock diseases (anthrax, black quarter), diarrhea, smallpox	[77,121,142]
Solanum incanum L.	Herb/shrub	Roots, bark, fruits, leaves	Ear infection/ache, constipation, throat infection, stomachache, malaria, oral hygiene, tonic, sore throat, oral wounds/thrush, diarrhea, respiratory disorders, toothache, ringworms, joint pains/swelling, anthelmintic, amoeba, asthma, back/bone joints problems, brucellosis, chest problems, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, family planning, gastritis, poison/sting/snake/spider bite antidote, pesticide, pimples, prostate cancer, rheumatism, ringworms, skin diseases, TB, fever, chest pain, wounds, skin disorders, respiratory disorders in sheep, arthritis, headache, sprains, rabies, whitlow, emetic, diabetes mellitus, polio, jiggers, warts, fever, ingestion, ectoparasites/acaricide, delayed labor, prevent abortion, vomiting, helminthiasis (cow, poultry, goat, sheep, pig), lumpy skin disease (cow), foot rot (cow, goat, sheep, ruminants, pig), infection of umbilical cord, erectile dysfunction, abdominal/colic pains, backache, liver enlargement, scabies, expectorant, boils, kidney problem, hasten child delivery, typhoid, edema, leprosy, chickenpox, pneumonia, HIV, swollen legs in pregnancy, retained placenta, measles, sheep (colds)	[14,41,51,66,67,68,72,73,76,77,79,81,82,84,85,88,89,90,91,92,96,99,100,101,103,105,106,111,115,119,120,125,128,129,130,132,133,135,136,138,139,141,142,143,144,146,147,148,150,152,154,168]
Solanum mauense Bitter	Shrub	Roots, fruits	Anthelmintic, purgative, chest ailments, pneumonia, anthrax (man/animals), malaria, chest pains, teeth problems, flu, stomachache, fever, throat, wounds	[67,89,131,132,136,142,168]
Solanum mauritianum Scop. (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Fruits, bark, roots	Pneumonia, cough, asthma, malaria, splenomegaly, colorectal cancer, skin rashes, STIs, poisonous	[87,115,117,144]
Solanum nakurense C.H.Wright	Herb/shrub	Fruits	Pneumonia, otitis media	[131,152]
Solanum nigriviolaceum Bitter	Shrub	Fruits, roots	Teeth problems, ringworms, rashes, colds, skin infections, joint pain, wounds, chest pain, fever, ear problem, cough, livestock diseases	[67,87,99,109,143]
Solanum runsoriense C.H. Wright	Liana		Fever, throat, wounds	[136]
Solanum schumannianum Dammer	Shrub		Fever, throat, wounds	[136]
Solanum taitense Vatke	Shrub	Roots, leaves, stems	Arthritis, malaria, typhoid, stomachache, respiratory	[92,105]
Solanum terminale Forssk.	Shrub/liana	Fruits, roots	Arthritis, toothache, chest congestion, rashes, fever, throat, wounds	[86,132,136,154]
Solanum tettense Klotzsch	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves	Boils, abscesses, diabetes mellitus, fever, typhoid, throat, wounds, threatened miscarriage, stomach pains, retained placenta, abdominal pains, diarrhea	[51,72,77,85,94,123,136,139,141,142]
Solanum tuberosum L. (exotic)	Herb		Bites, wounds	[41]
Solanum zanzibarense Vatke	Shrub	Roots	Toothache	[142]
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal	Herb/shrub	Roots, bark, whole plant, fruits, stems, leaves	Tonic, backache, joint pains, galactagogue, appetite, livestock diseases, gonorrhea, excessive menstrual flow, postpartum pain, meningitis, cerebral malaria, anthrax, detoxify meat from infected animal, urinary tract, rectal problems, STIs, diarrhea, toothache, joint pains, bone problems, cough/colds/flu, malaria, arthritis, pneumonia, painkiller, stomach upsets, burns, wounds, headache, rheumatism, boils, allergic conditions, retained afterbirth, eye diseases, coagulant, acaricide, amoeba, cancer, purgative, anodyne, anthrax, skin sores/ulcers, gum diseases, abdominal pains, aphrodisiac, gynecological problems, jaundice, hepatitis, stomachache, diabetes, blood pressure	[14,41,67,72,74,77,81,84,85,88,90,91,93,103,104,105,113,115,120,130,132,133,141,142,143,146,147,154,168]
Stilbaceae
Nuxia congesta R.Br. ex Fresen.	Shrub/tree	Leaves, roots, bark	Backache, stomachache, joint pains, body weakness, respiratory disorders, indigestion, menstrual pains, astringent, abdominal/colic pains, flu, malaria, typhoid, smallpox, pneumonia, rashes, varicose veins, vomiting, mumps, tonsils, edema, dysmenorrhea, expectorant, colds, cough	[14,88,91,99,109,132,141,145,152]
Talinaceae
Talinum caffrum (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.	Herb	Roots	Prevent abortion, fever	[139]
Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf.	Herb	Leaves, roots	Arthritis, backache, STIs e.g., gonorrhea, wounds, boils	[77,92]
Theaceae
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (exotic)	Shrub/tree	Leaves	Eye problems, stomach disorders, STIs	[14,41,95]
Thymelaeaceae
Englerodaphne subcordata (Meisn.) Engl.	Shrub	Roots	Constipation in children, allergy after eating meat, poisonous	[140]
Gnidia involucrata Steud. ex A.Rich.	Herb/shrub	Stalks	Expectorant	[141]
Lasiosiphon glaucus Fresen.	Shrub/tree	Roots, bark, twigs, leaves	Fibers are said to be poisonous, arrow poison, abdominal pains, back pains, joint ache, insecticide, irregular menstruation	[84,136,141,142,168]
Lasiosiphon latifolius (Oliv.) Brenan	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, bark	Poisonous, ulcers, evacuation of bowels, toxic to cows, pesticide, snakebites, pesticide for maize storage	[96,99,100,142,145]
Struthiola thomsonii Oliv.	Herb/shrub	Roots	Cough, stomachache	[67,99,142]
Synaptolepis kirkii Oliv.	Shrub	Fruits, leaves, roots	Anthelmintic, convulsions, wounds, snakebite, female infertility, hydrocele	[127,142,150]
Typhaceae
Typha domingensis Pers.	Herb	Roots	Diabetes, diarrhea, impotency, female conditions	[83,168]
Typha latifolia L.	Herb	Roots	Diarrhea, impotency, female conditions	[168]
Urticaceae
Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis	Herb	Roots	Tonic	[77]
Laportea alatipes Hook.f.	Herb	Leaves	Vitamin supplement	[14]
Laportea ovalifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Chew	Herb	Roots, leaves	Excessive menstrual bleeding, retained placenta, diarrhea, stomach problems, gastrointestinal infections, blood booster	[99,144]
Myrianthus holstii Engl.	Tree	Leaves, bark, roots	Stomachache	[14]
Obetia radula (Baker) Baker ex B.D.Jacks.	Tree	Roots	Barrenness	[142]
Pouzolzia parasitica (Forssk.) Schweinf.	Herb	Stems, roots	Burn, livestock diseases	[77]
Urena lobata L.	Shrub	Roots	Afterbirth, ease delivery	[120]
Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Wedd.	Liana	Roots, leaves	Stomachache after birth, spider bites, antidote, livestock diseases, pregnancy problems, tonic	[67,142,152]
Urera sansibarica Engl.	Liana	Leaves	Leprosy	[127]
Urtica dioica L. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, roots	Diabetes, ulcers, boils, anthelmintic, skin, stomach infections	[105,120,123]
Urtica massaica Mildbr.	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant	Abdominal pains, stomachache, aphrodisiac, irregular menstruation, poison antidote, infertility, malaria, sprains, headache, typhoid, dirty circulatory system, joint pains, chest pains, mouth inflammation, muscle pains, body weakness, livestock diseases, kidney problem, bruises, arthritis, bone problems, cough, colds, flu, diabetes, tonic, injuries/cuts, wounds, heartburn, hypertension, leg swellings, appetizer, pneumonia, rheumatism, stomach acid, arthritis, adds blood in the body, cancer, diabetes, anemia, skin/uterine/breast cancer, pimples, urinary problems, ulcers, vomiting, leukemia, skin roughness, problems of passing urine, fractures, venereal diseases	[41,83,85,87,90,99,104,107,109,113,115,117,128,132,146,147,152,154,168]
Velloziaceae
Xerophyta spekei Baker	Shrub	Whole plant, stems	Burns, dog bites, diabetes, snakebites	[84,94]
Verbenaceae
Lantana camara L. (exotic)	Shrub	Leaves, roots, whole plant	Diarrhea, measles, joint pains, amoeba, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, dental problems, headache, injuries/cuts/wounds, malaria, wounds, change the sex of expected kids, toxicity, pneumonia (cow, sheep), cough (cow, goat, sheep, poultry, pig, ruminant), sore throat, nose bleeding, breathing problems, acaricide, poison, anthelmintic, hepatitis, rheumatism, toothache, anticoagulant, liver problems, retained placenta, conjunctivitis/eye problems, toothache, runny nose	[14,41,73,76,80,84,86,104,106,108,111,115,119,127,130,133,142,143,145,146,147,150]
Lantana trifolia L.	Shrub	Roots, leaves, aerial parts. twigs	Stomachache, malaria, diarrhea in livestock, back/joint/bone problems, cough, colds/flu, fever, pneumonia, hypertension, heartburn, oral thrush, hepatic diseases, glandular disorders, rheumatism, sore throat, livestock joint problems, constipation, hiccups, chest problems, eye injury, anemia, ringworms, boil, mouth ulcers, abdominal/colic pains, enhance milk letdown, abdominal enlargement, general body weakness, astringent, anodyne, expectorant, meningitis, anthelmintic, hepatitis, toothache, anticoagulant, liver problems, sore throat, conjunctivitis, eye problems, kidney problems, urinary tract problems	[41,74,82,86,91,92,99,101,109,115,119,120,122,125,138,140,141,143,145,146,154]
Lantana ukambensis (Vatke) Verdc.	Herb	Roots, leaves, whole plant stems	Measles, malaria, smallpox, strength, colds, headache, cough, asthma, medicine for pregnant woman, children skin rashes, runny nose	[14,72,77,147]
Lantana viburnoides (Forssk.) Vahl	Shrub	Leaves, whole plant	Aphrodisiac, medicine for a pregnant woman	[77,80]
Lippia abyssinica (Otto & A.Dietr.) Cufod.	Shrub	Leaves, roots, stems	Acaricide, conjunctivitis, painful eyes	[122,133]
Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng.	Shrub	Leaves, roots, twigs, stems	Wounds, headache, chest congestion, malaria, migraines, measles, postpartum hemorrhage, children skin rashes, colds/flu, anaplasmosis, amoeba, body weakness, cough, anthrax, abdominal pains, tapeworms, chest complaints, toothache, stomachache, bloody diarrhea, afterbirth pains, insect repellant	[68,77,81,86,91,102,104,115,131,140,141,143,144,168]
Lippia kituiensis Vatke	Herb/shrub	Leaves, roots	Respiratory problems, measles, livestock diseases, chronic joint pains, cough, colds, flu, malaria, stomachache, emetic	[14,41,90,105]
Priva curtisiae Kobuski	Herb	Leaves	Ophthalmia	[67]
Verbena bonariensis L.	Herb	Leaves	Mouth infection in babies	[109]
Viburnaceae
Sambucus africana Standl.	Herb	Flowers	Colds	[168]
Violaceae
Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze	Shrub/tree	Roots	Snakebite antidote	[134]
Vitaceae
Ampelocissus africana (Lour.) Merr.	Shrub/liana	Roots	Threatened miscarriage	[141]
Cayratia ibuensis (Hook.f.) Suess.	Herb	Leaves	Leprosy	[144]
Cissus aphyllantha Gilg	Shrub/liana	Roots	Diarrhea, wounds, burns, boils, swollen legs, body pains and pregnancy, hemorrhage, retained placenta, headache, pneumonia	[51,77,96,139]
Cissus phymatocarpa Masinde & L.E.Newton	Herb	Stems	Septic swelling, eardrops	[127]
Cissus quadrangularis L.	Herb	Leaves, stems, sap, roots	Cuts, wounds, diarrhea, septic swelling, ear drops, respiratory disorders in cattle, colds, malaria, stomach problems, gastric ulcers, schistosomiasis, neurosis, ECF, rheumatism, epilepsy, TB, asthma, colibacillosis, rib pain, livestock hepatitis, skin disorders, earache, chest pain, pesticide, poisonous, fly infestation, viral, joint diseases, eye infections, skin problems, diarrhea/fever/virus in poultry	[51,67,68,72,76,77,89,100,105,121,127,142,143,149,168]
Cissus rotundifolia Vahl	Liana	Leaves, roots, stems, whole plant	Stomachache, septic swelling, ear drops, allergies, swollen joints, spleen problems, bee stings, throat infection, pneumonia, cough, tonic, boils, skin diseases, body pains, cuts, skin inflammation, retained placenta, abdominal pains, septic wounds, poultry diseases (diarrhea, fever, sneezing)	[51,67,71,77,84,88,98,100,127,139,142,143]
Cissus sylvicola Masinde & L.E.Newton	Liana	Stems	Septic swelling, ear drops	[127]
Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.	Liana	Roots, leaves, bark, whole plant	Stomachache, swollen abdomen, tuberculosis, arthritis, malaria, jiggers, colorectal/breast/skin cancer, syphilis, anthelmintic, pneumonia, acaricide, weight loss	[14,72,76,99,108,117,133,144]
Cyphostemma bambuseti (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.	Liana		Back/joint problems, cough, colds/flu, HIV/AIDs, malaria, rheumatism, sore throat, STIs, stomach disorders, bone pain, tuberculosis, aphrodisiac	[41,136]
Cyphostemma cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.	Herb	Leaves, roots, whole plant	STIs, tonic, galactagogue, stomachache, malaria, dermatitis, eye problems, enlarged glands, pesticide, teeth problems, gonorrhea, retained placenta, itchy skin rash, chickenpox, swollen legs and body pains during pregnancy	[90,91,94,96,99,132,139,141,152]
Cyphostemma heterotrichum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.	Shrub	Whole plant	Acaricide	[133]
Cyphostemma kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.	Herb		Bone pain, tuberculosis	[136]
Cyphostemma maranguense (Gilg) Desc.	Herb	Stems	Anaplasmosis, malaria	[115,168]
Cyphostemma serpens (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.	Herb	Leaves, stems, roots, whole plant	Tonic, cervical/skin/breast cancer, acaricide, abortifacient, abscess, boils, gynecological diseases, polio, dermatological problems	[67,91,117,133,143]
Cyphostemma ukerewense (Gilg) Desc.	Herb	Leaves	Tonsils	[119]
Rhoicissus revoilii Planch.	Liana	Roots, stems, whole plant	Stomachache, cuts, sores, burns, livestock diseases, stomach disorders, strength, acaricide, antiseptic, gastrointestinal problems, general body malaise, malaria, facilitate conception/pregnancy, venereal diseases, leprosy	[67,77,79,98,100,127,133,142,143]
Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.	Shrub/liana	Roots, stems, bark, exudate	Wounds, malaria, cuts, sores, snakebites, constipation, stomachache, diarrhea, bilharzia, ear drops, oral cavity infections, arthritis, livestock diseases, heartburn, peptic ulcers, renal disorders, anemia, cleans blood, respiratory infections, fever, menstrual pains, fever, acaricide, anthelmintic, prevent miscarriage, prophylaxis for children/babies diseases, abdominal pains, skin diseases, hydrocele, tapeworms, red/painful eyes, infertility, kidney and bladder complaints, dysmenorrhea, livestock fever	[67,68,86,87,99,101,105,107,123,127,133,140,141,142,144,147,150,154,168]
Asphodelaceae
Aloe ballyi Reynolds	Tree	Leaves	Pneumonia, malaria	[84]
Aloe dawei A.Berger	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Cathartic, gastrointestinal problems, hoof wounds, mouth diseases, anthraxdermatitis, kidney ailment	[143,144]
Aloe deserti A.Berger	Shrub	Leaves	Malaria	[111]
Aloe elgonica Bullock	Shrub	Leaves, roots	Malaria, ulcers, urinary tract, acaricide	[120,133]
Aloe kedongensis Reynolds	Shrub	Roots, leaves	Abdominal pains in infants, rashes/ringworms, colds, infertility in women, malaria, headache, appetizer, livestock diseases, asthma, pneumonia, gonorrhea, laxative, fever, wounds, anaplasmosis in cattle, chicken diseases, typhoid, skin diseases, ear problems, coccidiosis	[78,84,86,87,98,135,168]
Aloe kilifiensis Christian	Herb	Latex	Headache	[127]
Aloe lateritia Engl.	Herb	Leaves, juice	Typhoid, laxative, wounds, constipation, malarial skin conditions	[84,168]
Aloe macrosiphon Baker	Shrub	Leaves	Malaria	[111]
Aloe secundiflora Engl.	Shrub	Inflorescence, roots, leaves, exudate, whole plant	Tonic, ECF, headache, diarrhea, typhoid, edema, HIV/AIDs, STIs, blood cleanser, infertility, respiratory disorders, allergies, obesity, joint pains, abscesses, cellulitis, cholera, ulcers, filariasis, fatigue, scorpion stings, arthritis, rheumatism, eyes, tuberculosis, aching ears, diabetes, malaria, chest pains, conjunctivitis, wounds, ectoparasites, retained afterbirth, prevent abortion, vomiting, pneumonia, chest pains, amoeba, rashes, anthelmintic, stomachache, acne, laxative, constipation, colds, cuts, cough, body weakness, abdominal pains, purgative, indigestion, skin conditions, antiseptic, peptic ulcers, diaphragm swelling, diarrhea in poultry	[14,51,64,68,72,74,80,81,88,90,94,96,99,102,103,104,105,106,111,113,129,130,132,139,146,147,151,152,153,168]
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (exotic)	Herb	Leaves, exudate	Malaria, wounds, swelling, boils, laxative, constipation, malarian skin conditions	[74,76,111,168]
Aloe volkensii Engl.	Shrub	Leaves, roots, bark	Headache, anthelmintic (livestock), wounds, malaria, colorectal/esophageal/prostate cancer, whooping cough, pneumonia, chest pain, cough, joint pains/swellings, fever, stomachache, diarrhea, skin diseases, hypertension, eye problems, veterinary medicine, sore feet, jiggers	[71,92,99,109,117,127,144,150]
Zamiaceae
Encephalartos hildebrandtii A.Braun & C.D.Bouché (exotic)	Tree	Stems	Septic swelling	[127]
Zingiberaceae
Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K.Schum.	Herb	Seeds	Anthelmintic	[147]
Aframomum mala (K.Schum.) K.Schum.	Herb	Seeds	Anthelmintic	[143]
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. (exotic)	Herb	Seeds	Amoeba	[146]
Aframomum zambesiacum (Baker) K.Schum.	Herb	Leaves	Colds	[14]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (exotic)	Herb	Roots	Malaria, sore throat, respiratory diseases, throat infections, internal body pains, flu, colds, fever, indigestion, circulatory stimulant	[108,137,143,168]
Zygophyllaceae
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile	Tree	Roots, bark, fruits, resin	Stomachache, respiratory disorders, itch, bone problem, bilharzia, constipation, cough, colds/flu, headache, kwashiorkor, burns, eyes, malaria, purgative, diarrhea, Chira, body/chest/rib pain, rheumatism, blood cleanser, respiratory disorders, edema, heartburn, bilharzia, epigastric pain, expectorant, dysmenorrhea, skin irritation, measles, aphrodisiac, retained placenta, abdominal pains	[41,51,67,71,72,76,77,80,88,91,96,97,99,100,104,106,108,110,138,139,141,142,143,147,148]
Balanites glabra Mildbr. & Schltr.	Shrub/tree	Roots, branches, fruits, bark	Induce vomiting during pregnancy or if one has malaria, induce bile release, pneumonia, cowpox, stomach upsets, emetic to clean the stomach, chronic joint pains	[92,105,130,135]
Balanites pedicellaris Mildbr. & Schltr.		Roots	Emetic, skin irritations	[100,142]
Balanites rotundifolia (Tiegh.) Blatt.	Shrub/tree	Roots, leaves, fruits	Urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal complications (emetic), eye infection, eye lotion, wounds, pesticide	[68,77,91,123,142]
Balanites wilsoniana Dawe & Sprague	Tree	Bark, leaves, roots	General body pains, muscle injuries, insomnia, amnesia	[127,150]
Tribulus terrestris L.	Herb	Whole plant	Erectile dysfunction, arthritis	[91,132]