Table 4.
Chemical composition of Cotyledon orbiculata extracts.
| Compounds | Early Somatic Embryo | Mature Somatic Embryo | Germinated Somatic Embryo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trigonelline | + | + | + |
| Nicotinic acid (Niacin) | + | + | + |
| Nicotinamide | + | + | + |
| Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) 1 | + | − | + |
| Phenethylamine | + | − | − |
| Dihydroxybenzoic acid | + | + | + |
| Caffeic acid | + | + | + |
| Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) 1 | + | + | + |
| cis-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enoyl]oxybutanedioic acid | + | + | + |
| Eriodictyol-O-hexoside | + | + | + |
| trans-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) prop-2-enoyl]oxybutanedioic acid | + | + | + |
| Quercetin-O-pentosylhexoside | − | + | − |
| Luteolin-O-hexoside isomer 1 | + | + | + |
| Luteolin-O-hexoside isomer 2 | + | + | − |
| Hyperoside (Quercetin-3-O-galactoside) | + | + | + |
| Isoquercitrin (Quercetin-3-O-glucoside) 1 | + | + | + |
| Eriodictyol (3′,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) 1 | + | + | + |
| Quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone) 1 | + | + | + |
| Naringenin (4′,5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone) 1 | + | + | + |
| Luteolin (3′,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone) 1 | + | + | + |
| Chrysoeriol (3′-Methoxy-4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) | + | + | − |
| Dihydroxy-trimethoxy(iso)flavone isomer 1 | − | + | − |
| Apigenin (4′,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) 1 | + | + | + |
| Isorhamnetin (3′-Methoxy-3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) 1 | − | − | + |
| Trihydroxy-trimethoxy(iso)flavone isomer I | + | + | + |
| Rhamnetin (7-Methoxy-3,3′,4′,5-tetrahydroxyflavone) | − | − | + |
| Trihydroxy-trimethoxy(iso)flavone isomer II | − | − | + |
| Dihydroxy-dimethoxy(iso)flavone | + | + | + |
| Dihydroxy-trimethoxy(iso)flavone isomer 2 | − | + | − |
| Chrysin (5,7-Dihydroxyflavone) | + | + | + |
| Dimethoxy(iso)flavone | + | + | + |
| Galangin (3,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) 1 | + | + | + |
| Trimethoxy(iso)flavone | + | + | + |
| Dihydroxy-methoxy(iso)flavone | + | + | + |
| Hydroxy-trimethoxy(iso)flavone | + | + | + |
| Hydroxy-methoxy(iso)flavone | + | + | + |
| Linoleamide | + | + | + |
| Oleamide | + | + | + |
1 Confirmed by standard. −: not detected; +: detected. Aside from flavone derivatives, Linoleamide and Oleamide were also detected in the extracts. These compounds belong to the class of organic compounds known as fatty amides, and they are natural plant metabolites; another way to introduce these compounds may be as the external source in the extraction process.