Table 3.

A brief historical overview of major taxonomic classifications of Podocarpaceae (Type genus Podocarpus elongatus).

Taxonomist	Taxonomic Treatment
Endlicher, 1847 [98]	He classified Podocarpaceae into three genera i. Podocarpus (with four sections i. Eupodocarpus, ii. Stachycarpus, iii. Nageia and iv. Dacrycarpus), 2. Dacrydium Sol. ex G. Forst, 3. Microcachrys Hook. f.
Pilger, 1926 [99]	He considered Podocarpaceae as subfamilies Podocarpoideae with Subgenus I. Protopodocarpus (with section i. Eupodocarpus, ii. Dacrycarpus), II. Stachycarpus with section B. i. Nageia ii. Saxegothaea iii. Microcachrys iv. Pherosphaera v. Acmopyle vi. Dacrydium, vii. section A, viii. Microcarpus and Phyllocladoideae with i. Phyllocladus
Buchholz and Gray, 1948 [100,101]	Classified Podocarpus into nine sections (P. sect. Eupodocarpus, P. sect. Nageia, P. sect. Afrocarpus, P. sect. Polypodiopsis, P. sect. Microcarpus, P. sect. Dacrycarpus, P. sect. Sundacarpus, P. sect. Stachycarpus)
Keng, 1973 [102]	Divided into two families, i.e., Podocarpaceae and Phyllocladaceae
Gaussen, 1974 [103]	Raised this group into suborder Podocarpineae and divided into three families, i.e., Podocarpaceae, Phyllocladaceae and Saxegothaeaceae.
de Laubenfels, 1985 [104]	Classified Podocarpus into two subgenera and 18 sections (subgenus Podocarpus: sect. Podocarpus, sect. Scytopodium, sect. capitulatis, sect. Australis, sect. Crassiforms, sect. Pratensis, sect. Lanceolatis, sect. Pumilis, sect. Nemoralis, subgenus Foliolatus: sect. Globulus, sect. Foliolatus, sect. Acuminatis, sect. Longifoliolatus, sect. Gracilis, sect. Macrostachyus, sect. Spinulosus, sect. Rumphius, sect. Polystachyus.)
Quinn, 1987 [105]	Placed back Phyllocladus in Podocarpaceae
Hart, 1987 [90]	Recognized 15 genera Lagarostrobos, Microstrobos (Pherosphaera), Microcachrys, Lepidothamnus, Halocarpus, Parasitaxus, Dacrycarpus, Falcatifolium, Dacrydium, Acmopyle, Nageia, Saxegothaea, Phyllocladus, Prumnopitys and Podocarpus
Page, 1988 [106]	Recognized eight genera in s.l. Podocarpus and five in Dacrydium
Page, 1990 [107]	Classified Podocarpaceae into Acmopyle, Falcatifolium, Dacrydium, Halocarpus, Lagarostrobos, Lepidothamnus, Microcachrys, Microstrobos (Pherosphaera), Phyllocladus and Podocarpus (P. subg. Podocarpus and P. subg. Foliolatus) Nageia (N. sect. Nageia, N. sect. Afrocarpus, N. sect. Polypodiopsis), Dacrycarpus, Parasitaxus, Prumnopitys, Sundacarpus, Saxegothaea
Dezhi, 1992 [108]	Placed Nageia into a new family Nageiaceae
Kelch, 1998 [7]	Produced the phylogeny of Podocarpaceae-based molecular markers (18S RNA) of 10 genera in the following sequences: Podocarpus, Dacrycarpus, Pherosphaera, Microcachrys, Afrocarpus, Saxegothaea, Dacrydium, Parasitaxus, Lagarostrobos and Phyllocladus.
Conran et al., 2000 [93]	Produced the phylogeny of Podocarpaceae-based molecular markers (rbcL) of 16 genera in the following sequences: Afrocarpus, Nageia, Retrophyllum, Podocarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Dacrycarpus, Acmopyle, Pherosphaera, Microcachrys, Lagarostrobos, Manoao, Prumnopitys, Halocarpus, Phyllocladus, Lepidothamnus and Saxegothaea.
Kelch, 2002 [14]	Produced the phylogeny of Podocarpaceae-based molecular markers (18S RNA) of 16 genera in the following sequences: Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Dacrycarpus, Pherosphaera, Microcachrys, Saxegothaea, Acmopyle, Nageia, Afrocarpus, Podocarpus, Lagarostrobos, Halocarpus, Parasitaxus, Phyllocladus, Lepidothamnus and Prumnopitys.
Sinclair et al., 2002 [94]	Constructed the phylogeny of 18 genera-based molecular markers (trnL-trnF+ITS2) in the following sequences: Afrocarpus, Nageia, Retrophyllum, Podocarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Dacrycarpus, Acmopyle, Pherosphaera, Microcachrys, Saxegothaea, Lagarostrobos, Manoao, Parasitaxus, Halocarpus, Prumnopitys, Lepidothamnus and Phyllocladus.
Wagstaff, 2004 [83]	Constructed the phylogeny of 9 genera-based molecular markers (rbcL+matK) in the following sequences: Afrocarpus, Podocarpus, Dacrydium, Saxegothaea, Halocarpus, Lepidothamnus, Prumnopitys and Phyllocladus.
Biffin et al., 2012 [8]	Constructed the phylogeny of 18 genera based molecular markers (matK+ trnL-trnF+ITS2) in the following sequences: Afrocarpus, Nageia, Retrophyllum, Podocarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Dacrycarpus, Acmopyle, Pherosphaera, Microcachrys, Saxegothaea, Lagarostrobos, Manoao, Parasitaxus, Halocarpus, Prumnopitys, Lepidothamnus and Phyllocladus.
Knopf et al., 2012 [92]	Constructed the phylogeny of 18 genera-based molecular markers (ITS1+NEEDLY intron 2+ anatomy and morphology) in the following sequences: Afrocarpus, Nageia, Retrophyllum, Podocarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Dacrycarpus, Pherosphaera, Microcachrys, Halocarpus, Lepidothamnus, Lagarostrobos, Manoao, Phyllocladus, Prumnopitys and Saxegothaea.
Little et al., 2013 [95]	Used DNA barcoding (matK, rbcL and nrITS2 DNA barcodes) for the identification of Podocarpaceae (18 genera and 145 species) and to construct the phylogenetic tree
Lu et al., 2014 [11]	Constructed the phylogeny of 18 genera-based molecular markers (LEAFY+NEEDLY CDS+ introns) in the following sequences: Afrocarpus, Nageia, Retrophyllum, Podocarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Dacrycarpus, Acmopyle, Pherosphaera, Saxegothaea, Microcachrys, Lagarostrobos, Manoao, Parasitaxus, Phyllocladus, Lepidothamnus, Halocarpus and Prumnopitys.
Contreras et al., 2017 [109]	Constructed the phylogeny of 18 genera-based molecular markers in the following sequences: Afrocarpus, Nageia, Retrophyllum, Podocarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Dacrycarpus, Acmopyle, Pherosphaera, Microcachrys, Saxegothaea, Halocarpus, Phyllocladus, Lepidothamnus, Prumnopitys, Lagarostrobos, Manoao and Parasitaxus.
Leslie et al., 2018 [12]	Recently constructed the phylogeny of 19 genera-based molecular markers (18S, rbcL and matK) in the following sequences: Podocarpus, Afrocarpus, Nageia, Retrophyllum, Falcatifolium, Dacrydium, Dacrycarpus, Acmopyle, Pherosphaera, Microcachrys, Saxegothaea, Prumnopitys, Sundacarpus, Manoao, Lagarostrobos, Parasitaxus, Halocarpus, Phyllocladus and Lepidothamnus.
Sudianto et al., 2019 [110]	Constructed the phylogeny tree of 12 genera based on Plastome in the following sequences: Afrocarpus, Nageia, Retrophyllum, Podocarpus, Dacrycarpus, Dacrydium, Pherosphaera, Saxegothaea, Phyllocladus, Lagarostrobos, Lepidothamnus and Prumnopitys.
Page, 2019 [75]	Recently divided the genus Prumnopitys into two genera, Prumnopitys (Subgenus Prumnopitys and Subgenus Botryopitys) and Pectinopitys.
Khan et al., 2023 [current classification]	Dacrycarpus, Halocarpus, Lepidothamnus, Manoao, Dacrydium, Lagarostrobos, Microcachrys, Pherosphaera, Parasitaxus, Acmopyle, Falcatifolium, Phyllocladus, Retrophyllum, Prumnopitys, Pectinopitys, Afrocarpus, Nageia, Podocarpus, Sundacarpus and Saxegothaea.